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21 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Short-Term Memory
A temporary store where small amounts of information can be kept for brief periods. It is a fragile store and information can be easily lost.
Long-Term Memory
A permanent store where limitless amounts of informaion can be stored for long periods of time.
Capacity
The amount of information that can be held in memory at any one time.
Duration
The length of time that memories can be held.
Encoding
The way in which information is represented in the memory store, e.g. by sound, meaning or image.
Sensory Memory
A set of limited capacity, modality-specific stores that hold information for a very brief period of time.
Displacement
A type of forgetting where items currently in the limited capacity STM are pushed out before being transferred to the LTM to make room for incoming items.
Interference
A type of forgetting where information stored in LTM is confused with similar information.
Free Recall
A way of testing memory where participants can recall items from a list in any order.
Digit Span Technique
A way of measuring the capacity of STM. Participants have to repeat back strings of digits in order of presentation. The number of digits in the string is gradually increased until the participant can no longer recall the sequence of digits correctly.
Serial Recall
A way of testing STM where participants are required to recall items in the order of presentation.
Proactive Interference
Where things that have already been learned make it harder to learn new things.
Pseudo-Word
A combination of letters that sounds as though it could be an English word, but actually does not exist (e.g. nym).
Dual Task Method
Where participants are asked to carry out a primary task while also engaging in a secondary task. Performance is compared to performance on each of the tasks when done individually.
Subvocal Repetition
Repeating something 'under your breath' or mentally so it's not said aloud.
Articulatory Supression
A participant is given a task that would usually make use of the articulatory loop but they are simultaneously asked to repeat aloud a meaningless chant, e.g. la la la.
Interference Task
A task that gets in the way of the processing necessary to do he task being tested, e.g. being asked to say what colour words are printed in but the words are the names of colours (the Stroop effect).
Eyewitness Testimony
The evidence given in court or in police investigations by someone who has witnessed a crime or accident.
Leading Question
A question phrased in such a way as to prompt a particular kind of answer. 'Was the man wearing a hat?' is an open question whereas 'What colour was the man's hat?' is a leading question since it suggests that the man was actually wearing a hat.
Concrete Nouns
Nouns that can easily be visualised, e.g. dog, tree.
Abstract Words
Words that can't be perceived with your senses, e.g. love, nice.