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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What's the project of cognitive psychology?
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reverse engineering!
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What is computationalism?
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Representations=Symbols
Transformations=computations |
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What is associationism?
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Representations=patterns
transformations=changing associations |
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Always ask...
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What's the alternative?
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What is classical learning consist of?
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Pre-learning
Conditioned Response Extinction |
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What is cognitive psychology for our purposes?
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To understand how representations in the mind are transformed to mediate behavior (=mind as information processor)
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What is instinct blindness?
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"A common man marvels at uncommon things; a wise man marvels at the commonplace."
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What are the implications of cognitive psychology?
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1. Behavior is organized
2. The mind has parts 3. Information processing follows steps and rules |
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What is evolution?
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The change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time.
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Evolution is about changes in ___, not ____
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Genotypes, Phenotypes
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Evolution describes changes in a _____.
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Population
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What are the three mechanisms of evolution?
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1. Natural Selection
2. Genetic Drift 3. Gene flow |
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What are the three necessary and sufficient clauses for natural selection?
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1. Variance
2. Heritability 3. Differential reproductive success |
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What is heritability?
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Genetic Variation/Total Phenotypic Variation
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Where does genetic variation come from?
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MUTATIONS
-describes a population at a moment in time -heavily affected by environmental variance -low, when genetic variation is low |
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How does heritability interact with the environment
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Redwoods want to be tall, but if they're grown in bad soil they won't be
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What did the Bell Curve claim?
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That intelligence is heritable
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Why was the Bell Curve false?
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You can't tell if intelligence is heritable or not unless you know the relationship between intelligence and genes
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What is the Flynn effect?
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every generation in the US increases by 20 IQ points
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Natural selection is in the service of getting a _____
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MATE
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What is the peacock saying when it flashes its tail?
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I'm a really obvious target, yet I'm still alive, so I must be pretty awesome
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Why is the female attraction to the long tailed bird smart?
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Fewer parasites in longer tails
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What is an honest signal?
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Number of eyes in tail (clear relationship between number of eyespots and copulation)
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Why are we attracted to members of the other sex?
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Evolution wants us to have children
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What is the challenging proof of sexual selection theory?
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Seahorses! Females act like the males of other species
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What is ethology?
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The scientific study of animal behavior
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What is the functional ultimate question of evolution?
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What is the use of a behavior? What is it adapted for?
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What is the use of the dancing bee?
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The bee dances in order to communicate location of food
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What is the ultimate question for phylogenetic?
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What is the evolutionary history of a behavior?
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What is the proximate question for mechanistic?
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How does it work, happen?
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What is the proximate question for ontogenetic?
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How does it develop over a lifetime?
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What are Tinbergen's 4 levels?
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ULTIMATE questions
-Function -Phylogenetic PROXIMATE questions -Mechanistic -Ontogenetic |
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What happened with Broca and what did scientists conclude?
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understood what was being said, but whenever he tried to talk, he couldn’t get out what he wanted to say. Just responded “tan tan tan”
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What's up with Tungara frogs?
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whine and chuck is an honest signal (trait, that in principle should kill me, but I’m getting away with it.)
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Is the Tungara frog an example of cognition?
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YES
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What is the problem with evolutionary psychology?
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Evolution happens for random reasons; randomness often creates non-uniform distributions. o It’s possible that some of the idiosyncrasies for how we work should not be interpreted as meaningful.
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What was David Buff's experiment and why was it bad?
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Interpreted that sexual selection theory teaches us that women should be choosy and men should be competitive and risky.
It was CIRCULAR LOGIC |
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What is an example of occasional brilliance regarding evolutionary psychology?
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Motion induced blindness
instead of having "pieces of blank" with scotomas, your mind fills in what you can't see. Good functional thinking |
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What is the naturalistic fallacy?
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science doesn’t tell us what the climate SHOULD be, science can tell us how or what will happen or what will happen if it changes
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What are the predictions about the scotoma research?
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-Not about motion, per se.
-Even moving things should sometimes disappear |
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What are the two kinds of brain cells?
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Neurons--do cognition
Glial cells--mysterious, myelin |
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What did Ramon y Cajal find after he drew pictures of neurons?
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-Different, yet deep similarities
-Blooming end and refined tail Neurons must “talk” to each other and that must be the basis of thinking |
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At resting, the membrane is more permeable to ___ than ___, thus, the inside is more ___
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Potassium (K) than Sodium (Na), negative
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When does depolarization happen?
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When sodium comes rushing into the cell
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Communication within cells is ___
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Electric
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Communication between cells is ____
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Chemical
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What are the 4 lobes
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Frontal
Occipital Parietal Temporal |
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What does the occipital lobe do?
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Vision
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What does the temporal lobe do?
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language processing and thinking about other people and other minds
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What does the parietal lobe do?
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spatial processing
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What does the frontal lobe do?
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Boss- Control your impulses, manage what other parts of brain, get a lot of input and send a lot of information out.)
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In parital lobe, there is the ___ strip and __ strip
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motor, sensory
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How do we know about brain function?
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Phineas Gage
mood started changing, that's why we know frontal cortex has to do with control |
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What does the corpus collosum do?
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Connect two hemispheres
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Not everything is _____!
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Localized
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What are 'place cells'?
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When one cell cares about one location and another cell cares about another location, you have a MAP
Cells become sensitive to a particular location, become specialized |
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What is dualism?
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The mind and the brain are different
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What is identity theory?
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The mind is the brain; "pain is c-fiber firing"
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What is reduction part of?
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Identity theory
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For reductionism to work, the relationship must be _____, not ____
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necessary
contingent |
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C-fiber firing and pain are not ______
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rigid designators
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What is elimintivism?
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mental states are epiphenomenal
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What is the computational thesis?
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representations=symbols
transformations=simple operations |
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A symbol is an ___ representation of something else
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Arbitrary
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