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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is optic nerve made up of?
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axons of ganglion cells
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Where do axons/ optic nerve exit?
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optic disc
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what is optic chiasm?
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part where partial decussation at nasal /temporal retina
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Where does optic nerve travel?
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opposite r to l, l to right
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Where does visual perception take place?
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lateral geniculate
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What does superior colliculus control?
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eye head and neck trunk and tracking
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what are the functions of primary visual cortex?
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visual discrimination,making shapes,movement, color info, binocular vision,angle, depth and perception
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wat is the dorsal stream and where is it located?
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The dorsal stream is the :where" pathway also called spatial vision pathway and it is located on the posterior parietal lobe
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what is the ventral stream and where is it located
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The ventral stream is the "what pathway" and also called Object Pathway. Located in the temporal lobe
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what is the grandma cell and where is it located?
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The grandma cell is the Gnostic Cell and it is located in the inferior temporal lobe
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Define prosopagnosia and where is damage
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Prosopagnosia is the inability to recognize faces. the damage is in the ventral stream
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define spatial agnosia
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the inability to determine shapes/ items with only a partial view. the damage is in the right side of the posterior parietal lobe
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define astereoagnosia
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inability to detect objects by touch
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What part of brain is damaged when there is a perceptive problem integrating sensory informative.
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right side of posterior parietal lobe
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how is visual cortex organized and what is function?
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ocular dominance , orientation columns, blobs color . color, depth, binoular, visual discrimination, make shapes
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describe process by which we recognize objects
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through increased complexity of synthosisizing info from simple cells to complex cells to hyper complex till triggers gnostic cell
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what part of brain is responsible for involuntary movement and orientating
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superior and inferior calliculi
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where does visual orientation live?
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18 and 19
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what is the neuromuscular junction.
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specialized synapse between nerve and skeletal muscle. This is where acethylcholine is released in response to one pre-synaptic action potential which causes an EPSP in the muscle fiber that is large enough to trigger one action potential
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what is end plate
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part of the muscle fiber that has acth receptors
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how is muscle contraction initiated?
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muscle contraction is initiated by release of acetylcholine from the axon
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how is muscle contraction initiated?
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release of acth from axon terminal of alpha motor neuron,acth produces a large EPSP in the post synaptic membrane due to activation of nicotine ach receptors. membrane contains voltage gated sodioum channel this EPSP is sufficient to evoke action potential
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what are 6 types of motor activity?
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simple reflexes, postural adjustments, locomotion, sensory orientation, fixed action patterns, and aquired skills.
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what is an end platwe potential?
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An end palate potential is a graded potential that triggers an action potential which is all or nothing
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what are fibrils made up of?
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filaments that are proteins made iup of thin and thick filaments that crawl up each other shortening the muscle
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what disorder is caused by problem with ACTH
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Myaasthania gravis
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what function does the golgi tendon perform?
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gauges the force generated by a muscle, protecting it from over stretching
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what is proprioception?
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tells us where the parts of our body are, wheter or not we are moving
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What constitures the limbic system?
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limbic lobe taht is a group of the cortical area that forms a ring around the brain stem. consists of corpus colloseum, in the cingulate gyrus and the cortex on the medial surface of the temporal lobe called the hippocampus
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what is sham rage?
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when animal demonstrates all behavioiral manifestations of rage in a situation that doesnt normally provolke anger
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what is the Papeaz Circuit?
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neurologist james Papeaz theory taht emotion was determined by activity in cingulate cortex , emotion thaought to be governed by the hypthalamus. hippocampus projects to hypothalmus through the bundle of axons called the fornix
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what is the Kluver Bucy syndrome?
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after surgical removal of temporal lobes: see psyhic blindness (don't recognize objects,oral tendencies, putting every thing in mouth, hypermetamorphosis, altered sexual behaior, emotional changes, decrease in fear , flattened emotions.
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what is transduction
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taking light energy turning it into an action potential, accomplishew dby sensory receptors
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what is resting potential of sensory receptors
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70 nmv
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what happens when sensory receptor is stimulated?
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produce graded potential known as receptor potential than summate at action hillock and trigger action potential. receptor potentials become IPSP/EPSP
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define habituation
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learning to ignore a stimulus
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what is difference between adaptation and habituation?
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adaptation is constant,habituation is intermittent
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name two type of coding?
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anatomical (spatial) and functional (temporal
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define optical
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optics is the use of eye to detect light waves reflected off of objects d
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what is lens made up of?
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fibrous tissue
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myopia
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near sightness, cornea is mis-shaped actsa like a lens taht is bulging , light focuses on cornea, ends up over focusing
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presbyopia
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far sightedness, lens of eye loses flexibility lens can't accomodate , as stiffens can't accomiodate wont bend enough focus point behind the retina
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how do you correct myopia
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want a concave lens to scatter the light
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how do corrwect presbyopia?
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want a convex lens
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what is an astigmatism?
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shape of the cornea is uneven
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what are the visual receptors?
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rods and cones
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which allow you to see in the dark?
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Rods
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which do you need for visual acuity?
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cones to see sharply and crisply
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what are functions of cones?
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phototopic, color and resolution, chromatic
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rods are scotopic and achromatic (T/F)
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true
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describe layers of retina cells
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rods and cones are connected longitudinally, first layer is bipolar cells, then ganglion cells, , horizontal cells between rods cones and bipolar cells sends info horizontally, laterally , amacrine cells wedged between bipolar cells and ganglion cells
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