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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Central fissure
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separates each hemisphere in anterior and posterior parts
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Function of the area in from of central fissure
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motor
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Lateral fissure
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separates each hemisphere in dorsal and ventral parts
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Longitudinal fissure
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separates right hemisphere from left
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Brodman map
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Broadman examined organization of cells and fibers in the cortex using Nissl stain for cell bodies and myelin stains for axons. Brodmann divided cortex into 50 cytoarchitectural areas acording to cell size, cell density, number of layers in each region and density of myelinated axons. He designated number to each area, which one having discrete functions, although he divided area based only on anatomy
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Brocas area
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region of the left hemisphere that is important to speech output, Brodmans area 44
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Characteristics of both sensory and motor cortex
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1. areas are mapped out
2.areas are distorted 3.upside backwards for motor, vision and touch |
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what does damage of primary motor cortex lead to?
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muscle weakness on contralateral side
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Primary visual cortex
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Brodman area 18
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Association area
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area of the brain where information from multiple modalities is processed- language, compassion and foresight
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3 main areas of frontal lobe
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primary motor, premotor and prefrontal
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Name parts of prefrontal part
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dorsolateral, medial and orbital
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Frontal lobe damage
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ability to organize and sequence behavior, ability to modulate behavior (especially initiation or cessation), ability to generate appropriate emotional response, ability to use strategies and tags to retrieve memories
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Parietal lobe functions
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integrating information from sensory modalities, integrating it with memory, integrating internal and external information. Main feature - multimodal processing
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Alexia
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inability to read
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Agraphia
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inability to write
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Apraxia
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inalbility to perform skilled motor movement in abstract manner
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Hemineglect
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syndrome in which individuals ignore information on one side of space (do not pay attention)
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Temporal lobe functions
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memory, visual item recognition, auditory processing, emotion
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Agnosia
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a syndrome where person can recognize objects in one sensory modality but cannot in any others
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Cholinergic NT system
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NT- acetylcholine
site of origin-basal forebrain projections-diffuse cortical regions receptor types-muscarinic and nicotinic behavioral effects - overall cortical excitability, attention, memory |
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Dopaminergic NT system
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NT-dopamine, 3 subsystems- nigrostriatal, mesolimbic and mesocortical
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Nigrostriatal
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originates in substantia nigra, projects to dorsal striatum, f-n - motor activity
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Mesolimbic
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originates in ventral tegmental area, projects to prefrontal cortex and limbic regions, f-n - reward
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Mesocortical
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originates in ventral tegmental area, projects to prefrontal cortex, f-n working memory, planning
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Noradrenergic
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NT - norepinephrine, receptors alpha and beta, 2 subsystems
1. - originates in ventrolateral tegmental area, projects to hypothalamus, function in feeding and sexual behavior 2 - originates in locus ceruleus, projects to thalamus, hypothalamus and cortex, function in attention, sleep and working memory |
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Serotonergic
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NT - serotonine, functions -sleep, mood, sexual behavior, eating, pain, memory, arousal
2 subsystems 1. originates in dorsal raphe nucleus, projects to cortex and thalamus 2.originates in medial raphe nucleus, projects to limbic system |
