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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is cognitive neuropsychology? |
The study of the relationship between brain function and behaviour |
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What is the aim of cognitive neuropsychology? |
Aims to assign particular psychological functions to particular brain functions (if we accept modularity of brain function) |
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What does it use as evidence? |
Determined through evidence from damaged brain but also other methods, e.g. imaging Damaged brains can be the result of numerous events such as missile wounds, tumours, impact, surgery, disease, and strokes |
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What does cognitive neuropsychology assume? |
This assumes that brain function is localised or modular, with different structures performing different roles. Brain regions are specialised to perform particular roles, but these may not map neatly onto our ideas of brain functions |
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How was the theory of localisation of function developed? |
This suggests that different parts of the brain are responsible for variations in individual differences Found by Franz Gall and Johan Spurzheim Gall recalled that students with good memory but poor original thinking had large protruding eyes. |
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What is phrenology? |
People who have skills in math, music..had bumps in other areas Depressions in the skull indicate underdevelopment They also thought that the sex drive was behind lower parts of ears |
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How did phrenology collapse? |
Outside of the skull does not even mirror the inside of the skull, let alone the underlying brain. |
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How did Flourens help with the collapse? |
Conducted experiments where he lesioned parts of the cortex in different animals and observed their behaviour At first, they moved a little and refused to eat or drink, but eventually they recovered their lost function This pattern of loss and recovery seems inconsistent with the assumption of localisation |
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What is Brodmann's area? |
He looked at the appearance of the cortex under a microscope (cyto-architecture) and mapped it out But should his map neatly onto psychological functions? Partly because cyto-architecture is influenced by connections |
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What did Jean Bouilaud believe? |
Proposed that certain functions are localised Noted that damage to the left hemisphere impaired movement on the right |
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What was wrong with Auburtin's patient? |
Reported a case of a patient who had lost the ability to speak when pressure was applied to the exposed frontal lobes. |
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Who was Tan and what did their autopsy show? |
Paul Broca recieved a patient "Tan" who could only say Tan When he died, the autopsy revealed a lesion to the left frontal lobe therefore demonstrating lateralisation and localisation. |
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Where is Broca's area? |
The anterior speech region |
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What is Broca's aphasia? |
Damage to the anterior speech region This part of the brain is important for putting words together to form complete sentences |
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What was wrong with Wernicke's patients? |
Wernicke investigated the region of the cortex that recieves information from the ear, behind Broca's area. Patients spoke fluently but without sense, they could hear but they could not understand what was being said to them. |
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Where is Wernicke's area? |
Region of the temporal lobe |
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What is the model of language processing? |
Auditory information is sent to 1. Wernicke's area (sound -> sound images) 2. Sound images are transmitted along arcuate fasciculus 3. Broca's area (representation of speech movements) 4. From here instructions sent to control mouth muscles |
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What is conduction aphasia? |
When the arcuate fibres are damaged so that comprehension is maintained and speech sounds, but the speech is impaired, therefore making it difficult to repeat was has been said to them. |
