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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how many components are there?
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4
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what are they?
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report everything, changing the order, changing the perspective and mental reintatment of original context
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what is ment by report everything?
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get them to say everything, no matter how irrelevant
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waht is ment by reinstatement of original context?
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the interviewer encourages the witness to mentally recreate the environment and contacts from the original incident
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what is ment by changing the order?
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the interviewer may try alternative ways through the timeline of the incident, for example, by reversing the order in which events occurred
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what is ment by changing the perspective?
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the witness is asked to recall the incident from multiple perpectives, for example, by imagining how it wolud have appeared to other witnesses present at the time
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what is a police interview like?
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stressfull, dont get enough time to answer, quick, aggressive, straight to the point, just want the facts, asks leading questions, all suspects
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what is a cognitive interview like?
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all treated as witnesses, more relaxed, lasts a long time, have long time to answer questions, encouraged to say everything they no
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what is ment by 'cognitive interview'?
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a police technique for interviewing witnesses to a crime, which encourages them to recreate the original context in order to increase the accessibility of stored information.
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how does cognitive interviews works?
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our memory is made up of a network of associations rather than of discrete events, memories are accessed using multiple retrieval strategies
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criticisms!
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it takes too much time and the interviewer needs training which takes up time and money
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kohnken et al (1999) study!
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they did a meta-analysis of 53 studies (mostly lap experiments using student) comparing the accuracy of a cognitive interview to a standard police interview. there was an average increase of 34% of standard police interview to cognitive interview.
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validity in the kohnken et al (1999)!
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it is a lab experiment=not realistic, participants may not take is seriously.
The participant were all students=all young, own age bias?, individual differences so NOT generalisable to the general population |
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milne and bull (2002) study!
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they examined the relative effectiveness of each of the 4 components of the cognitive interview. undergraduate students and children were interviewed using just one individual components of the CI, and compared to a control condition. recall was broadly similar. however, when participants were interviewed using a conbination of the 'report everything' and 'mental reinstatement' components of the CI, their was significantly higher than in all other conditions
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stein and memon (2996) study!
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tested the cognitive interview in Brazil. participants were women who were in the cleaning staff from a large university. the police in Brazil were too harsh in their interviews eg. torture. they showed the participants a video of an abduction (low validity?). the result was, they were more accurate in a CI. show CI is more usefull than standard interveiws.
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negative effects of CI!
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-takes too much time (to do interview and to sort out information)
-interviewer needs training - gets a lot of of unnecessary - lots of pressure on interviewer |
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positive effects of CI!
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-improves recall from witnesses
- less stessful - the interviewee has more time to talk (so gets more information) - increases accuracy and amount of detail - less traumatic (more relaxed) |
