Cognitive Disorders

Front 1

Two broad areas within Neurocognitive Disorders:

Back 1

DELIRIUM ; DEMENTIA

Front 2

Cognitive Disorders have been reclassified as

Back 2

Neurocognitive disorders.

Front 3

DELIRIUM is characterized by

Back 3

changes in consciousness and cognition that develop over a short time span. Delirium is always secondary to another condition such as a medical condition.

Front 4

DEMENTIA (major neurocognitive disorder) is characterized by

Back 4

multiple cognitive deficits, including memory, and develops over a long period of time. Dementias may be secondary, due to a medical condition, or primary. There are a number of diseases causing primary dementia.

Front 5

Delirium is a condition frequently seen in__________.

Back 5

medical-surgical units

Front 6

While anyone may experience delirium, it is more commonly seen in________. It can be mistaken for .

Back 6

the elderly; depression

Front 7

Common causes of Delirium

Back 7

Drug intoxication & withdrawal ; Alcohol ; Opioids: Infections ; Pneumonia ; Meningitis: Metabolic Disorders ; Hypoxia ; Electrolyte imbalances: Drugs ; Digoxin ; Steroids: Neurological Diseases ; Trauma ; Seizures: Tumor ; Cerebral: Stress ; Sensory overload or deprivation ; Sleep deprivation

Front 8

Delirium is characterized by

Back 8

a sudden change in the client’s consciousness and is usually accompanied by cognitive changes such as disturbances of thinking, memory, attention, and perception.

Front 9

Delirious states may fluctuate from mild to severe. When a mild delirium becomes more severe in the evening, the term __________ is used.

Back 9

Sundowning

Front 10

To differentiate depression from delirium, assess

Back 10

the client’s mood, activity, and speech.

Front 11

Depressed clients typically show On the other hand, delirious clients tend to

Back 11

extreme sadness, lack of motivation to engage in any activity, and slow sluggish speech. While depressed patients may be slow and sad, they are oriented and aware of their environment. / have rapid mood swings (often fearful/suspicious), many fluctuations in activity level (tremors or spasticity may accompany movement), and slurred/rambling speech. In addition, delirious clients frequently have hallucinations, illusions, and delusions.

Front 12

Onset for delirium is

Back 12

Sudden, over hours to days

Front 13

Cause or contributing factors for delirium are

Back 13

Hypoglycemia, fever, dehydration, hypotension; infection, other conditions that disrupt body's hoeostasis; adverse drug reaction; head injury; change in environment (e.g. hospitalization); pain; emotional stress.

Front 14

Cognition in patients with delirium=

Back 14

Impaired memory, judgement, calculations, attention span; can fluctuate through the day.

Front 15

Level of consciousness of people with delirium=

Back 15

Altered

Front 16

Activity level of people with delirium=

Back 16

Can be increased or reduced; restlessness, behaviors may worsen in evening (sundowning); sleep/wake cycle may be reversed.

Front 17

Emotional state of a person with delirium

Back 17

Rapid swings; can be fearful, anxious, suspicious, aggressive, have hallucinations and/or delusions.

Front 18

Speech and language of a person with delirium

Back 18

Rapid, inappropriate, incoherent, rambling.

Front 19

Prognosis of a patient with delirium=

Back 19

Reversible with proper and timely treatment.

Front 20

ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES FOR DELIRIUM

Back 20

Acute onset & fluctuating course ; Inattention ; Disorganized thinking ; Disturbances of consciousness ; Sundowning

Front 21

Two key nursing diagnoses guide the care of the delirious client:

Back 21

Risk for Injury and Acute Confusion.

Front 22

Delirium Risk for Injury related to

Back 22

confusion and sensory and perceptual deficits:

Front 23

Outcome criterion for Delirium:

Back 23

Client will remain safe and free from injury while in the hospital.

Front 24

Interventions for Delirium:

Back 24

1. Monitor client continuously either by having client in view of nurses’ station or having companion/caregiver with client at all times. ; 2. Distract client from pulling out tubes by providing activities and/or covering tubes.; 3. Provide for comfort needs such as pain, thirst, hygiene, toileting needs.; 4. Reorient client frequently; 5. Provide explanations for all procedures to decrease fear and agitation.; 6. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.

Front 25

Delirium Acute Confusion related to

Back 25

disturbance of cerebral metabolism secondary to (any of the medical causes) as evidenced by abrupt onset of disorientation, restlessness, incoherence, fear.

Front 26

Delirium Outcome criteria:

Back 26

1. The client will be oriented to person, place, time, and purpose of hospitalization; 2. The client will participate in activities of daily living.; 3. The client will be calm.

Front 27

Interventions for delirium:

Back 27

1. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.; 2. Reorient frequently ; 3. Use short, simple, concrete phrases to communicate ; 4. Keep room well lit ; 5. Provide clocks and calendars ; 6. Keep caretakers consistent ; 7. Encourage client to wear glasses and hearing aids if applicable.; 8. Explain all procedures ; 9. Encourage family members to be present and/or have staff monitor continuously.

Front 28

DEMENTIA

Back 28

Memory loss that progresses and significantly interferes with functioning, characterized by progressive deterioration of the intellectual functioning, memory, and problem solving abilities. In addition, insight and judgment, and moral/ethical behavior decline as well. Emotional changes, a decline in self-care, hallucinations and delusions are also seen. Dementias may either be primary (not caused by any other disorder) or secondary (a result of other diseases).

Front 29

PRIMARY Causes of Dementia

Back 29

Alzheimer’s Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s Disease); Multi-infarct dementia (vascular neurocognitive disorder); Pick’s disease (frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder); Huntington’s disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Huntington’s Disease); Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease); Lewy Body Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to lewy body dementia).

Front 30

SECONDARY Causes of Dementia

Back 30

Tuberculosis & other infections of the brain; Trauma; Metal poisoning; Korsakoff’s syndrome; AIDs related dementia;

Front 31

Huntington’s Disease

Back 31

This is a genetically transmitted disease characterized by abnormal movements (chorea), intellectual decline, and emotional disturbances. The abnormal gene has been located, and genetic testing is available. The disease is autosomal dominant. That means that a person only needs to inherit one gene to develop the disease. Therefore there is a 50% chance of children inheriting the disease if one parent carries the Huntington’s (H) gene.

Front 32

Show the gene chart of heredity for Huntington's Disease

Front 33

Those who inherit Huntington's Disease from their _______ have an earlier onset and shorter lifespan than those who inherit from their ______.

Back 33

father ; mother

Front 34

The disease usually develops between age _____ & _____. This means that people have had children before realizing that they carry the gene.

Back 34

30 and 50

Front 35

The Huntington’s gene causes parts of the _____ (involved with movement) to degenerate. As a consequence there is a reduction of several neurotransmitters, including _____ and _____.

Back 35

basal ganglia; acetylcholine; GABA;

Front 36

Huntington's Disease changes the acetylcholine to dopamine balance, making it seem as if there is too much_____ present in the brain. The imbalance causes _______ – the opposite of Parkinson’s or the pseudoparkinsonisms that come from blocking dopamine.

Back 36

dopamine; excessive movement;

Front 37

There is no known cure or treatment for Huntington's Disease. The average course of the disease is _____. During that time the person’s _____ and _____ abilities progressively decline. Patients experience increasing levels of _____ ______ (______) as well as the development of _____.

Back 37

15 years; movement; intellectual; uncontrolled movement (chorea); dementia

Front 38

For Huntington's Disease, _____ or other _____ may be used to control movement and psychotic behavior. Nursing care is aimed at_____ _____ as long as possible and then preventing complications when the person becomes _____ _____ ______ ______.

Back 38

Haldol; antipsychotic drugs; maintaining independence; dependent on others for care

Front 39

Huntington's Disease presents patients and their families with several difficult decisions. Explain.

Back 39

1) The patient will eventually become totally dependent. 2) Decisions about what measures should be taken to maintain life need to be made. 3) It is advisable to have advanced directives and a durable power of attorney in force. 4) Also children must make decisions about their own child bearing as well as whether or not they want to be tested for the disease. 5) Counseling before genetic testing is required as the impact of knowing you have inherited a deadly disease is substantial.

Front 40

What are the ethical issues with regards to Huntington's Disease:

Back 40

who should you tell? Family? Doctor? Insurance company?

Front 41

Creutzfelt-Jakob Disease is an unique disease in that it can arise from three separate mechanisms:

Back 41

sporadic CJD; hereditary CJD; acquired CJD

Front 42

In sporadic CJD,

Back 42

the disease appears even though the person has no known risk factors for the disease. This is by far the most common type of CJD and accounts for at least 85 percent of cases.

Front 43

In hereditary CJD,

Back 43

the person has a family history of the disease and/or tests positive for a genetic mutation associated with CJD. About 5 to 10 percent of cases of CJD in the United States are hereditary.

Front 44

In acquired CJD,

Back 44

the disease is transmitted by exposure to brain or nervous system tissue, usually through certain medical procedures. There is no evidence that CJD is contagious through casual contact with a CJD patient. Since CJD was first described in 1920, fewer than 1 percent of cases have been acquired CJD

Front 45

A protein called a _____ is the causative agent in CJD.

Back 45

prion

Front 46

How is CJD spread from one to another?

Back 46

Prions have normal forms as well as infectious forms in CJD. When a person comes in contact with the infectious forms, their normal prions change into the infectious, abnormal, form.

Front 47

The inherited type of CJD occurs by?

Back 47

there is a spontaneous mutation in the gene that controls prion formation. This mutation causes the infectious form of the prion to develop. The genetic defect can be inherited.

Front 48

What is the action of a prion on the brain?

Back 48

The prion acts on the brain causing it to degenerate. In the early stages the patient shows progressive memory loss, visual impairment, and dysphagia. Within weeks a relentless progression of dementia sets in. Most patients die between 1-2 years after onset.

Front 49

Nursing care is aimed toward

Back 49

supportive care. No tissue donations may be used from these patients.

Front 50

Compare Pick’s Disease to Alzheimers.

Back 50

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called “Pick’s bodies” are found and the neurons “balloon” in appearance. This is significantly different than the plaques and tangles found in Alzheimer’s. Also the changes of Picks are located in the frontal and anterior temporal lobes of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 51

Pick’s disease is a rare disease first described in

Back 51

1892

Front 52

While it has been mistaken for ___________, the changes and symptoms are actually very different.

Back 52

Alzheimer’s disease;

Front 53

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called _________ are found and the neurons __________ in appearance. This is significantly different than the ________&________ found in Alzheimer’s.

Back 53

“Pick’s bodies”; “balloon”; plaques and tangles

Front 54

The changes of Picks are located in the ________ & __________ of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast______________.

Back 54

frontal and anterior temporal lobes; is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 55

Personality changes can take the form of ______, _____, and ______.

Back 55

apathy; disregard for social norms; loss of functionality

Front 56

As the disease progresses_____ becomes difficult. Eventually the person becomes _____.

Back 56

language; mute

Front 57

The average course of the disease is _____. The physical management is similar to Alzheimer’s disease.

Back 57

five years

Front 58

Lewy Body Disease

Back 58

Friederich H. Lewy discovered abnormal protein deposits that disrupt the brain's normal functioning.

Front 59

Lewy body protein deposits can be found_________ where they deplete ______ causing Parkinsonian type movement problems.

Back 59

in the brain stem ; dopamine ;

Front 60

Lewy body deposits are also found throughout the brain where they cause __________. This in turn causes cognitive changes similar to Alzheimer’s Disease.

Back 60

a depletion of acetylcholine;

Front 61

The average life span of someone with Lewy Body Disease, from the time of diagnosis, is_____ years. There is no definitive drug treatment, and patients will need daily care for their self-care deficits.

Back 61

5-7

Front 62

The causes of Alzheimer ’s disease are not known. _______ is a risk factor. The risk of developing Alzheimer’s increases as…...

Back 62

Age ; age advances

Front 63

The number of people developing the disease doubles every ________________. This form is called late onset.

Back 63

5 years after age 65

Front 64

Heredity is also a factor. The early onset form, _______ years of age, shows a pattern of ___________.

Back 64

30-60; family transmission

Front 65

Finally _________ is a factor. ___________ interacts with early Alzheimer’s changes to multiply damage to the brain

Back 65

heart disease; Heart disease

Front 66

While the exact cause is not known, the mechanism of destruction is increasingly clear. The brain experiences destruction in which neurofibrillary ______ & ______ develop.

Back 66

tangles and plaques

Front 67

The cardinal symptoms of Alzheimer’s are:

Back 67

Aphasia: loss of language ability ; Apraxia: loss of purposeful movement in the absence of motor or sensory impairment.; Agnosia: loss of sensory ability to recognize objects; Memory (Mnemonic)impairment: gradual loss of both recent and remote memory; Disturbances in executive functioning: difficulty with planning, organizing, abstract thinking.

Front 68

In addition other symptoms of Alzheimer's are common:

Back 68

Confabulation: making up stories to cover gaps in the memory; Perseveration: repetition of phrases or behaviors; Agraphia: inability to read or write; Hyperorality: the need to put everything in one’s mouth; Hypermetamorphosis: touching everything; Avoiding answering questions: a way to maintain self-esteem…client “covers up” inability to answer.

Front 69

Stages of Alzheimer’s

Back 69

Mild: Forgetfulness ; Moderate: Confusion ; Moderate to Severe: Ambulatory dementia ; Late: End stage

Front 70

Within the Mild stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 70

1. Losses in short-term memory; 2. Loses things by putting them in odd places; 3. Uses memory aids; 4. Denial of problems common

Front 71

Within the Moderate stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 71

1. Memory losses apparent – may forget address &/or date; 2. ADL’s suffer; 3. Problems managing money, legal affairs; 4. Mood labile; 5. Withdraw from activities; 6. Needs day care or in-home assistance

Front 72

Within the Moderate to Severe stages of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 72

1. Doesn’t recognize family or objects (agnosia); 2. Forgets how to do activities such as walking, eating (apraxia).; 3. Loses control of bowel and bladder; 4. Wandering; 5. Needs total assistance for all activities of daily living; 6. May need placement in skilled care facility.

Front 73

Within the Late stages of alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 73

1. Exhibits hypermetamorphosis & hyperorality; 2. Does not recognize self anymore ; 3. Forgets how to eat; 4. Loses ability to talk & walk; 5. Prone to complications of immobility; 6. Needs complete care

Front 74

The average time from diagnosis to death is ______, although some people may live up to.

Back 74

10 years; 20 years

Front 75

Nursing Care: see pages 388-390 in text for a list of interventions

Front 76

In Alzheimer's _____ and _____ are two common nursing diagnoses used to plan care of clients with dementia. In addition two other nursing diagnoses are useful for the care of these clients and their families: _____ and_____.

Back 76

Risk for Injury; Chronic Confusion; Self-care deficit syndrome; Caregiver role strain

Front 77

Two broad areas within Neurocognitive Disorders:

Back 77

DELIRIUM ; DEMENTIA

Front 78

The goals and interventions are similar to those for_____ except that the ______ needs to be considered.

Back 78

delirium; home environment

Front 79

Cognitive Disorders have been reclassified as

Back 79

Neurocognitive disorders.

Front 80

The client with dementia of any type requires extensive care. The care giver needs to be _____,_____, and_____ to handle the complex needs of these clients and their families.

Back 80

creative; patient; mature

Front 81

DELIRIUM is characterized by

Back 81

changes in consciousness and cognition that develop over a short time span. Delirium is always secondary to another condition such as a medical condition.

Front 82

Self-care deficit syndrome related to __________ secondary to Alzheimer’s disease as evidenced by __________.

Back 82

cognitive and coordination deficits; incontinence, unable to dress/feed/bathe self

Front 83

DEMENTIA (major neurocognitive disorder) is characterized by

Back 83

multiple cognitive deficits, including memory, and develops over a long period of time. Dementias may be secondary, due to a medical condition, or primary. There are a number of diseases causing primary dementia.

Front 84

Outcome criteria for Alzheimer's:

Back 84

1. The client will have hygiene, nutrition, dressing, and toileting needs met with the assistance of caregivers.; 2. The client will not experience any complications related to their activities of daily living.

Front 85

Delirium is a condition frequently seen in__________.

Back 85

medical-surgical units

Front 86

Interventions for Alzheimer's patients:

Back 86

1. Always have the client perform as many tasks as they are functionally able; 2. Use clothing with elastic and Velco fasteners.; 3. Give step-by step directions; 4. Weigh weekly to monitor weight; 5. Adapt mealtimes to function of client i.e., finger foods if client wanders from table, feed client if necessary.; 6. Make sure client does not eat non-food items; 7. Maintain regular bowel and bladder routine to prevent incontinence.

Front 87

While anyone may experience delirium, it is more commonly seen in________. It can be mistaken for .

Back 87

the elderly; depression

Front 88

Outcome criteria for dementia:

Back 88

The caregiver will report a plan to decrease his/her burden by sharing frustrations, identifying sources of support, modifying schedule to improve daily life.

Front 89

Common causes of Delirium

Back 89

Drug intoxication & withdrawal ; Alcohol ; Opioids: Infections ; Pneumonia ; Meningitis: Metabolic Disorders ; Hypoxia ; Electrolyte imbalances: Drugs ; Digoxin ; Steroids: Neurological Diseases ; Trauma ; Seizures: Tumor ; Cerebral: Stress ; Sensory overload or deprivation ; Sleep deprivation

Front 90

Interventions for patients withDementia:

Back 90

1. Educate caregiver about disease process; 2. Teach ways to simplify care; 3. Assess caregiver’s emotional and physical health; 4. Provide “sounding board” for caregiver concerns; 5. Provide community resources for home assistance; 6. Help caregiver problem solve day to day issues.; 7. Help caregiver develop plan for self-care and using social support system.

Front 91

Delirium is characterized by

Back 91

a sudden change in the client’s consciousness and is usually accompanied by cognitive changes such as disturbances of thinking, memory, attention, and perception.

Front 92

This issues involved in supporting a family caring for someone with dementia are quite complex (page 391, text). To assist you in developing more teaching resources, visit the following sites and evaluate their resources.

Front 93

Delirious states may fluctuate from mild to severe. When a mild delirium becomes more severe in the evening, the term __________ is used.

Back 93

Sundowning

Front 94

Three of the current drugs available _____, _____, & _____, are classified as ______________.

Back 94

(Aricept, Exelon, and Razadyne); Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Front 95

To differentiate depression from delirium, assess

Back 95

the client’s mood, activity, and speech.

Front 96

Cholinesterase inhibitors work by?

Back 96

They work by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine – a neurotransmitter important for memory. This neurotransmitter is deficient in Alzheimer’s. By increasing its availability clients experience improvement in their cognition and behavior.

Front 97

Depressed clients typically show On the other hand, delirious clients tend to

Back 97

extreme sadness, lack of motivation to engage in any activity, and slow sluggish speech. While depressed patients may be slow and sad, they are oriented and aware of their environment. / have rapid mood swings (often fearful/suspicious), many fluctuations in activity level (tremors or spasticity may accompany movement), and slurred/rambling speech. In addition, delirious clients frequently have hallucinations, illusions, and delusions.

Front 98

These drugs are useful in the ________ stages of Alzheimer’s and delay worsening of symptoms by_________.

Back 98

early to moderate; 6-12 months

Front 99

Onset for delirium is

Back 99

Sudden, over hours to days

Front 100

The fourth drug for Alzheimer's is?

Back 100

(Namenda)

Front 101

Cause or contributing factors for delirium are

Back 101

Hypoglycemia, fever, dehydration, hypotension; infection, other conditions that disrupt body's hoeostasis; adverse drug reaction; head injury; change in environment (e.g. hospitalization); pain; emotional stress.

Front 102

Namenda works by

Back 102

limiting the action of glutamate – a neurotransmitter that can be destructive to the brain.

Front 103

Cognition in patients with delirium=

Back 103

Impaired memory, judgement, calculations, attention span; can fluctuate through the day.

Front 104

In Alzheimer’s there appears to be too much secretion of _____ in the brain, which over stimulates the neurons. Overstimulation leads to neuron death. Namenda protects the neurons from overstimulation thereby preserving neurons. It is approved for use in the ______ stages of Alzheimer’s and may be used in conjunction with a ________.

Back 104

glutamate; moderate to severe; Cholinesterase Inhibitor

Front 105

Level of consciousness of people with delirium=

Back 105

Altered

Front 106

Aricept Side Effects?

Back 106

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used at All stages

Front 107

Activity level of people with delirium=

Back 107

Can be increased or reduced; restlessness, behaviors may worsen in evening (sundowning); sleep/wake cycle may be reversed.

Front 108

Razadyne Side Effects?

Back 108

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate

Front 109

Emotional state of a person with delirium

Back 109

Rapid swings; can be fearful, anxious, suspicious, aggressive, have hallucinations and/or delusions.

Front 110

Namenda Side Effects?

Back 110

Headache, constipation, confusion and dizziness.Used to treat Moderate to severe cases of Alzheimers

Front 111

Two broad areas within Neurocognitive Disorders:

Back 111

DELIRIUM ; DEMENTIA

Front 112

Speech and language of a person with delirium

Back 112

Rapid, inappropriate, incoherent, rambling.

Front 113

Exelon Side Effects?

Back 113

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate Alzheimers.

Front 114

Cognitive Disorders have been reclassified as

Back 114

Neurocognitive disorders.

Front 115

Prognosis of a patient with delirium=

Back 115

Reversible with proper and timely treatment.

Front 116

DELIRIUM is characterized by

Back 116

changes in consciousness and cognition that develop over a short time span. Delirium is always secondary to another condition such as a medical condition.

Front 117

Two broad areas within Neurocognitive Disorders:

Back 117

DELIRIUM ; DEMENTIA

Front 118

ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES FOR DELIRIUM

Back 118

Acute onset & fluctuating course ; Inattention ; Disorganized thinking ; Disturbances of consciousness ; Sundowning

Front 119

Two broad areas within Neurocognitive Disorders:

Back 119

DELIRIUM ; DEMENTIA

Front 120

Cognitive Disorders have been reclassified as

Back 120

Neurocognitive disorders.

Front 121

DEMENTIA (major neurocognitive disorder) is characterized by

Back 121

multiple cognitive deficits, including memory, and develops over a long period of time. Dementias may be secondary, due to a medical condition, or primary. There are a number of diseases causing primary dementia.

Front 122

Two key nursing diagnoses guide the care of the delirious client:

Back 122

Risk for Injury and Acute Confusion.

Front 123

Cognitive Disorders have been reclassified as

Back 123

Neurocognitive disorders.

Front 124

DELIRIUM is characterized by

Back 124

changes in consciousness and cognition that develop over a short time span. Delirium is always secondary to another condition such as a medical condition.

Front 125

Delirium is a condition frequently seen in__________.

Back 125

medical-surgical units

Front 126

Delirium Risk for Injury related to

Back 126

confusion and sensory and perceptual deficits:

Front 127

DELIRIUM is characterized by

Back 127

changes in consciousness and cognition that develop over a short time span. Delirium is always secondary to another condition such as a medical condition.

Front 128

DEMENTIA (major neurocognitive disorder) is characterized by

Back 128

multiple cognitive deficits, including memory, and develops over a long period of time. Dementias may be secondary, due to a medical condition, or primary. There are a number of diseases causing primary dementia.

Front 129

While anyone may experience delirium, it is more commonly seen in________. It can be mistaken for .

Back 129

the elderly; depression

Front 130

DEMENTIA (major neurocognitive disorder) is characterized by

Back 130

multiple cognitive deficits, including memory, and develops over a long period of time. Dementias may be secondary, due to a medical condition, or primary. There are a number of diseases causing primary dementia.

Front 131

Outcome criterion for Delirium:

Back 131

Client will remain safe and free from injury while in the hospital.

Front 132

Delirium is a condition frequently seen in__________.

Back 132

medical-surgical units

Front 133

Interventions for Delirium:

Back 133

1. Monitor client continuously either by having client in view of nurses’ station or having companion/caregiver with client at all times. ; 2. Distract client from pulling out tubes by providing activities and/or covering tubes.; 3. Provide for comfort needs such as pain, thirst, hygiene, toileting needs.; 4. Reorient client frequently; 5. Provide explanations for all procedures to decrease fear and agitation.; 6. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.

Front 134

Delirium is a condition frequently seen in__________.

Back 134

medical-surgical units

Front 135

Common causes of Delirium

Back 135

Drug intoxication & withdrawal ; Alcohol ; Opioids: Infections ; Pneumonia ; Meningitis: Metabolic Disorders ; Hypoxia ; Electrolyte imbalances: Drugs ; Digoxin ; Steroids: Neurological Diseases ; Trauma ; Seizures: Tumor ; Cerebral: Stress ; Sensory overload or deprivation ; Sleep deprivation

Front 136

While anyone may experience delirium, it is more commonly seen in________. It can be mistaken for .

Back 136

the elderly; depression

Front 137

Delirium Acute Confusion related to

Back 137

disturbance of cerebral metabolism secondary to (any of the medical causes) as evidenced by abrupt onset of disorientation, restlessness, incoherence, fear.

Front 138

While anyone may experience delirium, it is more commonly seen in________. It can be mistaken for .

Back 138

the elderly; depression

Front 139

Delirium is characterized by

Back 139

a sudden change in the client’s consciousness and is usually accompanied by cognitive changes such as disturbances of thinking, memory, attention, and perception.

Front 140

Common causes of Delirium

Back 140

Drug intoxication & withdrawal ; Alcohol ; Opioids: Infections ; Pneumonia ; Meningitis: Metabolic Disorders ; Hypoxia ; Electrolyte imbalances: Drugs ; Digoxin ; Steroids: Neurological Diseases ; Trauma ; Seizures: Tumor ; Cerebral: Stress ; Sensory overload or deprivation ; Sleep deprivation

Front 141

Common causes of Delirium

Back 141

Drug intoxication & withdrawal ; Alcohol ; Opioids: Infections ; Pneumonia ; Meningitis: Metabolic Disorders ; Hypoxia ; Electrolyte imbalances: Drugs ; Digoxin ; Steroids: Neurological Diseases ; Trauma ; Seizures: Tumor ; Cerebral: Stress ; Sensory overload or deprivation ; Sleep deprivation

Front 142

Delirium Outcome criteria:

Back 142

1. The client will be oriented to person, place, time, and purpose of hospitalization; 2. The client will participate in activities of daily living.; 3. The client will be calm.

Front 143

Delirious states may fluctuate from mild to severe. When a mild delirium becomes more severe in the evening, the term __________ is used.

Back 143

Sundowning

Front 144

Delirium is characterized by

Back 144

a sudden change in the client’s consciousness and is usually accompanied by cognitive changes such as disturbances of thinking, memory, attention, and perception.

Front 145

Interventions for delirium:

Back 145

1. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.; 2. Reorient frequently ; 3. Use short, simple, concrete phrases to communicate ; 4. Keep room well lit ; 5. Provide clocks and calendars ; 6. Keep caretakers consistent ; 7. Encourage client to wear glasses and hearing aids if applicable.; 8. Explain all procedures ; 9. Encourage family members to be present and/or have staff monitor continuously.

Front 146

Delirium is characterized by

Back 146

a sudden change in the client’s consciousness and is usually accompanied by cognitive changes such as disturbances of thinking, memory, attention, and perception.

Front 147

To differentiate depression from delirium, assess

Back 147

the client’s mood, activity, and speech.

Front 148

Delirious states may fluctuate from mild to severe. When a mild delirium becomes more severe in the evening, the term __________ is used.

Back 148

Sundowning

Front 149

Two broad areas within Neurocognitive Disorders:

Back 149

DELIRIUM ; DEMENTIA

Front 150

Delirious states may fluctuate from mild to severe. When a mild delirium becomes more severe in the evening, the term __________ is used.

Back 150

Sundowning

Front 151

DEMENTIA

Back 151

Memory loss that progresses and significantly interferes with functioning, characterized by progressive deterioration of the intellectual functioning, memory, and problem solving abilities. In addition, insight and judgment, and moral/ethical behavior decline as well. Emotional changes, a decline in self-care, hallucinations and delusions are also seen. Dementias may either be primary (not caused by any other disorder) or secondary (a result of other diseases).

Front 152

Depressed clients typically show On the other hand, delirious clients tend to

Back 152

extreme sadness, lack of motivation to engage in any activity, and slow sluggish speech. While depressed patients may be slow and sad, they are oriented and aware of their environment. / have rapid mood swings (often fearful/suspicious), many fluctuations in activity level (tremors or spasticity may accompany movement), and slurred/rambling speech. In addition, delirious clients frequently have hallucinations, illusions, and delusions.

Front 153

Cognitive Disorders have been reclassified as

Back 153

Neurocognitive disorders.

Front 154

To differentiate depression from delirium, assess

Back 154

the client’s mood, activity, and speech.

Front 155

To differentiate depression from delirium, assess

Back 155

the client’s mood, activity, and speech.

Front 156

PRIMARY Causes of Dementia

Back 156

Alzheimer’s Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s Disease); Multi-infarct dementia (vascular neurocognitive disorder); Pick’s disease (frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder); Huntington’s disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Huntington’s Disease); Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease); Lewy Body Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to lewy body dementia).

Front 157

Onset for delirium is

Back 157

Sudden, over hours to days

Front 158

Two broad areas within Neurocognitive Disorders:

Back 158

DELIRIUM ; DEMENTIA

Front 159

Two broad areas within Neurocognitive Disorders:

Back 159

DELIRIUM ; DEMENTIA

Front 160

DELIRIUM is characterized by

Back 160

changes in consciousness and cognition that develop over a short time span. Delirium is always secondary to another condition such as a medical condition.

Front 161

Depressed clients typically show On the other hand, delirious clients tend to

Back 161

extreme sadness, lack of motivation to engage in any activity, and slow sluggish speech. While depressed patients may be slow and sad, they are oriented and aware of their environment. / have rapid mood swings (often fearful/suspicious), many fluctuations in activity level (tremors or spasticity may accompany movement), and slurred/rambling speech. In addition, delirious clients frequently have hallucinations, illusions, and delusions.

Front 162

SECONDARY Causes of Dementia

Back 162

Tuberculosis & other infections of the brain; Trauma; Metal poisoning; Korsakoff’s syndrome; AIDs related dementia;

Front 163

Depressed clients typically show On the other hand, delirious clients tend to

Back 163

extreme sadness, lack of motivation to engage in any activity, and slow sluggish speech. While depressed patients may be slow and sad, they are oriented and aware of their environment. / have rapid mood swings (often fearful/suspicious), many fluctuations in activity level (tremors or spasticity may accompany movement), and slurred/rambling speech. In addition, delirious clients frequently have hallucinations, illusions, and delusions.

Front 164

Cognitive Disorders have been reclassified as

Back 164

Neurocognitive disorders.

Front 165

Cause or contributing factors for delirium are

Back 165

Hypoglycemia, fever, dehydration, hypotension; infection, other conditions that disrupt body's hoeostasis; adverse drug reaction; head injury; change in environment (e.g. hospitalization); pain; emotional stress.

Front 166

Cognitive Disorders have been reclassified as

Back 166

Neurocognitive disorders.

Front 167

Two broad areas within Neurocognitive Disorders:

Back 167

DELIRIUM ; DEMENTIA

Front 168

Onset for delirium is

Back 168

Sudden, over hours to days

Front 169

DEMENTIA (major neurocognitive disorder) is characterized by

Back 169

multiple cognitive deficits, including memory, and develops over a long period of time. Dementias may be secondary, due to a medical condition, or primary. There are a number of diseases causing primary dementia.

Front 170

Two broad areas within Neurocognitive Disorders:

Back 170

DELIRIUM ; DEMENTIA

Front 171

Onset for delirium is

Back 171

Sudden, over hours to days

Front 172

Huntington’s Disease

Back 172

This is a genetically transmitted disease characterized by abnormal movements (chorea), intellectual decline, and emotional disturbances. The abnormal gene has been located, and genetic testing is available. The disease is autosomal dominant. That means that a person only needs to inherit one gene to develop the disease. Therefore there is a 50% chance of children inheriting the disease if one parent carries the Huntington’s (H) gene.

Front 173

DELIRIUM is characterized by

Back 173

changes in consciousness and cognition that develop over a short time span. Delirium is always secondary to another condition such as a medical condition.

Front 174

DELIRIUM is characterized by

Back 174

changes in consciousness and cognition that develop over a short time span. Delirium is always secondary to another condition such as a medical condition.

Front 175

Cognitive Disorders have been reclassified as

Back 175

Neurocognitive disorders.

Front 176

Cognition in patients with delirium=

Back 176

Impaired memory, judgement, calculations, attention span; can fluctuate through the day.

Front 177

Two broad areas within Neurocognitive Disorders:

Back 177

DELIRIUM ; DEMENTIA

Front 178

Cause or contributing factors for delirium are

Back 178

Hypoglycemia, fever, dehydration, hypotension; infection, other conditions that disrupt body's hoeostasis; adverse drug reaction; head injury; change in environment (e.g. hospitalization); pain; emotional stress.

Front 179

Delirium is a condition frequently seen in__________.

Back 179

medical-surgical units

Front 180

Cause or contributing factors for delirium are

Back 180

Hypoglycemia, fever, dehydration, hypotension; infection, other conditions that disrupt body's hoeostasis; adverse drug reaction; head injury; change in environment (e.g. hospitalization); pain; emotional stress.

Front 181

DEMENTIA (major neurocognitive disorder) is characterized by

Back 181

multiple cognitive deficits, including memory, and develops over a long period of time. Dementias may be secondary, due to a medical condition, or primary. There are a number of diseases causing primary dementia.

Front 182

Show the gene chart of heredity for Huntington's Disease

Front 183

DEMENTIA (major neurocognitive disorder) is characterized by

Back 183

multiple cognitive deficits, including memory, and develops over a long period of time. Dementias may be secondary, due to a medical condition, or primary. There are a number of diseases causing primary dementia.

Front 184

Level of consciousness of people with delirium=

Back 184

Altered

Front 185

DELIRIUM is characterized by

Back 185

changes in consciousness and cognition that develop over a short time span. Delirium is always secondary to another condition such as a medical condition.

Front 186

Cognitive Disorders have been reclassified as

Back 186

Neurocognitive disorders.

Front 187

Cognitive Disorders have been reclassified as

Back 187

Neurocognitive disorders.

Front 188

Cognition in patients with delirium=

Back 188

Impaired memory, judgement, calculations, attention span; can fluctuate through the day.

Front 189

Cognition in patients with delirium=

Back 189

Impaired memory, judgement, calculations, attention span; can fluctuate through the day.

Front 190

DELIRIUM is characterized by

Back 190

changes in consciousness and cognition that develop over a short time span. Delirium is always secondary to another condition such as a medical condition.

Front 191

Delirium is a condition frequently seen in__________.

Back 191

medical-surgical units

Front 192

Delirium is a condition frequently seen in__________.

Back 192

medical-surgical units

Front 193

DELIRIUM is characterized by

Back 193

changes in consciousness and cognition that develop over a short time span. Delirium is always secondary to another condition such as a medical condition.

Front 194

Those who inherit Huntington's Disease from their _______ have an earlier onset and shorter lifespan than those who inherit from their ______.

Back 194

father ; mother

Front 195

Activity level of people with delirium=

Back 195

Can be increased or reduced; restlessness, behaviors may worsen in evening (sundowning); sleep/wake cycle may be reversed.

Front 196

DEMENTIA (major neurocognitive disorder) is characterized by

Back 196

multiple cognitive deficits, including memory, and develops over a long period of time. Dementias may be secondary, due to a medical condition, or primary. There are a number of diseases causing primary dementia.

Front 197

While anyone may experience delirium, it is more commonly seen in________. It can be mistaken for .

Back 197

the elderly; depression

Front 198

Level of consciousness of people with delirium=

Back 198

Altered

Front 199

The disease usually develops between age _____ & _____. This means that people have had children before realizing that they carry the gene.

Back 199

30 and 50

Front 200

Level of consciousness of people with delirium=

Back 200

Altered

Front 201

Delirium is a condition frequently seen in__________.

Back 201

medical-surgical units

Front 202

While anyone may experience delirium, it is more commonly seen in________. It can be mistaken for .

Back 202

the elderly; depression

Front 203

Common causes of Delirium

Back 203

Drug intoxication & withdrawal ; Alcohol ; Opioids: Infections ; Pneumonia ; Meningitis: Metabolic Disorders ; Hypoxia ; Electrolyte imbalances: Drugs ; Digoxin ; Steroids: Neurological Diseases ; Trauma ; Seizures: Tumor ; Cerebral: Stress ; Sensory overload or deprivation ; Sleep deprivation

Front 204

DEMENTIA (major neurocognitive disorder) is characterized by

Back 204

multiple cognitive deficits, including memory, and develops over a long period of time. Dementias may be secondary, due to a medical condition, or primary. There are a number of diseases causing primary dementia.

Front 205

While anyone may experience delirium, it is more commonly seen in________. It can be mistaken for .

Back 205

the elderly; depression

Front 206

Emotional state of a person with delirium

Back 206

Rapid swings; can be fearful, anxious, suspicious, aggressive, have hallucinations and/or delusions.

Front 207

DEMENTIA (major neurocognitive disorder) is characterized by

Back 207

multiple cognitive deficits, including memory, and develops over a long period of time. Dementias may be secondary, due to a medical condition, or primary. There are a number of diseases causing primary dementia.

Front 208

Activity level of people with delirium=

Back 208

Can be increased or reduced; restlessness, behaviors may worsen in evening (sundowning); sleep/wake cycle may be reversed.

Front 209

While anyone may experience delirium, it is more commonly seen in________. It can be mistaken for .

Back 209

the elderly; depression

Front 210

The Huntington’s gene causes parts of the _____ (involved with movement) to degenerate. As a consequence there is a reduction of several neurotransmitters, including _____ and _____.

Back 210

basal ganglia; acetylcholine; GABA;

Front 211

Activity level of people with delirium=

Back 211

Can be increased or reduced; restlessness, behaviors may worsen in evening (sundowning); sleep/wake cycle may be reversed.

Front 212

Common causes of Delirium

Back 212

Drug intoxication & withdrawal ; Alcohol ; Opioids: Infections ; Pneumonia ; Meningitis: Metabolic Disorders ; Hypoxia ; Electrolyte imbalances: Drugs ; Digoxin ; Steroids: Neurological Diseases ; Trauma ; Seizures: Tumor ; Cerebral: Stress ; Sensory overload or deprivation ; Sleep deprivation

Front 213

Delirium is a condition frequently seen in__________.

Back 213

medical-surgical units

Front 214

Delirium is characterized by

Back 214

a sudden change in the client’s consciousness and is usually accompanied by cognitive changes such as disturbances of thinking, memory, attention, and perception.

Front 215

Common causes of Delirium

Back 215

Drug intoxication & withdrawal ; Alcohol ; Opioids: Infections ; Pneumonia ; Meningitis: Metabolic Disorders ; Hypoxia ; Electrolyte imbalances: Drugs ; Digoxin ; Steroids: Neurological Diseases ; Trauma ; Seizures: Tumor ; Cerebral: Stress ; Sensory overload or deprivation ; Sleep deprivation

Front 216

Delirium is a condition frequently seen in__________.

Back 216

medical-surgical units

Front 217

Speech and language of a person with delirium

Back 217

Rapid, inappropriate, incoherent, rambling.

Front 218

Emotional state of a person with delirium

Back 218

Rapid swings; can be fearful, anxious, suspicious, aggressive, have hallucinations and/or delusions.

Front 219

Common causes of Delirium

Back 219

Drug intoxication & withdrawal ; Alcohol ; Opioids: Infections ; Pneumonia ; Meningitis: Metabolic Disorders ; Hypoxia ; Electrolyte imbalances: Drugs ; Digoxin ; Steroids: Neurological Diseases ; Trauma ; Seizures: Tumor ; Cerebral: Stress ; Sensory overload or deprivation ; Sleep deprivation

Front 220

Huntington's Disease changes the acetylcholine to dopamine balance, making it seem as if there is too much_____ present in the brain. The imbalance causes _______ – the opposite of Parkinson’s or the pseudoparkinsonisms that come from blocking dopamine.

Back 220

dopamine; excessive movement;

Front 221

While anyone may experience delirium, it is more commonly seen in________. It can be mistaken for .

Back 221

the elderly; depression

Front 222

Emotional state of a person with delirium

Back 222

Rapid swings; can be fearful, anxious, suspicious, aggressive, have hallucinations and/or delusions.

Front 223

Delirious states may fluctuate from mild to severe. When a mild delirium becomes more severe in the evening, the term __________ is used.

Back 223

Sundowning

Front 224

Delirium is characterized by

Back 224

a sudden change in the client’s consciousness and is usually accompanied by cognitive changes such as disturbances of thinking, memory, attention, and perception.

Front 225

Delirium is characterized by

Back 225

a sudden change in the client’s consciousness and is usually accompanied by cognitive changes such as disturbances of thinking, memory, attention, and perception.

Front 226

Prognosis of a patient with delirium=

Back 226

Reversible with proper and timely treatment.

Front 227

While anyone may experience delirium, it is more commonly seen in________. It can be mistaken for .

Back 227

the elderly; depression

Front 228

Speech and language of a person with delirium

Back 228

Rapid, inappropriate, incoherent, rambling.

Front 229

There is no known cure or treatment for Huntington's Disease. The average course of the disease is _____. During that time the person’s _____ and _____ abilities progressively decline. Patients experience increasing levels of _____ ______ (______) as well as the development of _____.

Back 229

15 years; movement; intellectual; uncontrolled movement (chorea); dementia

Front 230

Delirium is characterized by

Back 230

a sudden change in the client’s consciousness and is usually accompanied by cognitive changes such as disturbances of thinking, memory, attention, and perception.

Front 231

Delirious states may fluctuate from mild to severe. When a mild delirium becomes more severe in the evening, the term __________ is used.

Back 231

Sundowning

Front 232

Speech and language of a person with delirium

Back 232

Rapid, inappropriate, incoherent, rambling.

Front 233

Delirious states may fluctuate from mild to severe. When a mild delirium becomes more severe in the evening, the term __________ is used.

Back 233

Sundowning

Front 234

ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES FOR DELIRIUM

Back 234

Acute onset & fluctuating course ; Inattention ; Disorganized thinking ; Disturbances of consciousness ; Sundowning

Front 235

Common causes of Delirium

Back 235

Drug intoxication & withdrawal ; Alcohol ; Opioids: Infections ; Pneumonia ; Meningitis: Metabolic Disorders ; Hypoxia ; Electrolyte imbalances: Drugs ; Digoxin ; Steroids: Neurological Diseases ; Trauma ; Seizures: Tumor ; Cerebral: Stress ; Sensory overload or deprivation ; Sleep deprivation

Front 236

To differentiate depression from delirium, assess

Back 236

the client’s mood, activity, and speech.

Front 237

Common causes of Delirium

Back 237

Drug intoxication & withdrawal ; Alcohol ; Opioids: Infections ; Pneumonia ; Meningitis: Metabolic Disorders ; Hypoxia ; Electrolyte imbalances: Drugs ; Digoxin ; Steroids: Neurological Diseases ; Trauma ; Seizures: Tumor ; Cerebral: Stress ; Sensory overload or deprivation ; Sleep deprivation

Front 238

Delirious states may fluctuate from mild to severe. When a mild delirium becomes more severe in the evening, the term __________ is used.

Back 238

Sundowning

Front 239

Prognosis of a patient with delirium=

Back 239

Reversible with proper and timely treatment.

Front 240

Delirium is characterized by

Back 240

a sudden change in the client’s consciousness and is usually accompanied by cognitive changes such as disturbances of thinking, memory, attention, and perception.

Front 241

To differentiate depression from delirium, assess

Back 241

the client’s mood, activity, and speech.

Front 242

For Huntington's Disease, _____ or other _____ may be used to control movement and psychotic behavior. Nursing care is aimed at_____ _____ as long as possible and then preventing complications when the person becomes _____ _____ ______ ______.

Back 242

Haldol; antipsychotic drugs; maintaining independence; dependent on others for care

Front 243

To differentiate depression from delirium, assess

Back 243

the client’s mood, activity, and speech.

Front 244

Prognosis of a patient with delirium=

Back 244

Reversible with proper and timely treatment.

Front 245

Two key nursing diagnoses guide the care of the delirious client:

Back 245

Risk for Injury and Acute Confusion.

Front 246

Delirium is characterized by

Back 246

a sudden change in the client’s consciousness and is usually accompanied by cognitive changes such as disturbances of thinking, memory, attention, and perception.

Front 247

Depressed clients typically show On the other hand, delirious clients tend to

Back 247

extreme sadness, lack of motivation to engage in any activity, and slow sluggish speech. While depressed patients may be slow and sad, they are oriented and aware of their environment. / have rapid mood swings (often fearful/suspicious), many fluctuations in activity level (tremors or spasticity may accompany movement), and slurred/rambling speech. In addition, delirious clients frequently have hallucinations, illusions, and delusions.

Front 248

To differentiate depression from delirium, assess

Back 248

the client’s mood, activity, and speech.

Front 249

Delirium Risk for Injury related to

Back 249

confusion and sensory and perceptual deficits:

Front 250

Depressed clients typically show On the other hand, delirious clients tend to

Back 250

extreme sadness, lack of motivation to engage in any activity, and slow sluggish speech. While depressed patients may be slow and sad, they are oriented and aware of their environment. / have rapid mood swings (often fearful/suspicious), many fluctuations in activity level (tremors or spasticity may accompany movement), and slurred/rambling speech. In addition, delirious clients frequently have hallucinations, illusions, and delusions.

Front 251

Delirious states may fluctuate from mild to severe. When a mild delirium becomes more severe in the evening, the term __________ is used.

Back 251

Sundowning

Front 252

ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES FOR DELIRIUM

Back 252

Acute onset & fluctuating course ; Inattention ; Disorganized thinking ; Disturbances of consciousness ; Sundowning

Front 253

Depressed clients typically show On the other hand, delirious clients tend to

Back 253

extreme sadness, lack of motivation to engage in any activity, and slow sluggish speech. While depressed patients may be slow and sad, they are oriented and aware of their environment. / have rapid mood swings (often fearful/suspicious), many fluctuations in activity level (tremors or spasticity may accompany movement), and slurred/rambling speech. In addition, delirious clients frequently have hallucinations, illusions, and delusions.

Front 254

Depressed clients typically show On the other hand, delirious clients tend to

Back 254

extreme sadness, lack of motivation to engage in any activity, and slow sluggish speech. While depressed patients may be slow and sad, they are oriented and aware of their environment. / have rapid mood swings (often fearful/suspicious), many fluctuations in activity level (tremors or spasticity may accompany movement), and slurred/rambling speech. In addition, delirious clients frequently have hallucinations, illusions, and delusions.

Front 255

Huntington's Disease presents patients and their families with several difficult decisions. Explain.

Back 255

1) The patient will eventually become totally dependent. 2) Decisions about what measures should be taken to maintain life need to be made. 3) It is advisable to have advanced directives and a durable power of attorney in force. 4) Also children must make decisions about their own child bearing as well as whether or not they want to be tested for the disease. 5) Counseling before genetic testing is required as the impact of knowing you have inherited a deadly disease is substantial.

Front 256

ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES FOR DELIRIUM

Back 256

Acute onset & fluctuating course ; Inattention ; Disorganized thinking ; Disturbances of consciousness ; Sundowning

Front 257

Onset for delirium is

Back 257

Sudden, over hours to days

Front 258

Delirious states may fluctuate from mild to severe. When a mild delirium becomes more severe in the evening, the term __________ is used.

Back 258

Sundowning

Front 259

Onset for delirium is

Back 259

Sudden, over hours to days

Front 260

To differentiate depression from delirium, assess

Back 260

the client’s mood, activity, and speech.

Front 261

Onset for delirium is

Back 261

Sudden, over hours to days

Front 262

Two key nursing diagnoses guide the care of the delirious client:

Back 262

Risk for Injury and Acute Confusion.

Front 263

Two key nursing diagnoses guide the care of the delirious client:

Back 263

Risk for Injury and Acute Confusion.

Front 264

To differentiate depression from delirium, assess

Back 264

the client’s mood, activity, and speech.

Front 265

Onset for delirium is

Back 265

Sudden, over hours to days

Front 266

Cause or contributing factors for delirium are

Back 266

Hypoglycemia, fever, dehydration, hypotension; infection, other conditions that disrupt body's hoeostasis; adverse drug reaction; head injury; change in environment (e.g. hospitalization); pain; emotional stress.

Front 267

Outcome criterion for Delirium:

Back 267

Client will remain safe and free from injury while in the hospital.

Front 268

What are the ethical issues with regards to Huntington's Disease:

Back 268

who should you tell? Family? Doctor? Insurance company?

Front 269

Cause or contributing factors for delirium are

Back 269

Hypoglycemia, fever, dehydration, hypotension; infection, other conditions that disrupt body's hoeostasis; adverse drug reaction; head injury; change in environment (e.g. hospitalization); pain; emotional stress.

Front 270

Depressed clients typically show On the other hand, delirious clients tend to

Back 270

extreme sadness, lack of motivation to engage in any activity, and slow sluggish speech. While depressed patients may be slow and sad, they are oriented and aware of their environment. / have rapid mood swings (often fearful/suspicious), many fluctuations in activity level (tremors or spasticity may accompany movement), and slurred/rambling speech. In addition, delirious clients frequently have hallucinations, illusions, and delusions.

Front 271

Delirium Risk for Injury related to

Back 271

confusion and sensory and perceptual deficits:

Front 272

Creutzfelt-Jakob Disease is an unique disease in that it can arise from three separate mechanisms:

Back 272

sporadic CJD; hereditary CJD; acquired CJD

Front 273

Delirium Risk for Injury related to

Back 273

confusion and sensory and perceptual deficits:

Front 274

Cause or contributing factors for delirium are

Back 274

Hypoglycemia, fever, dehydration, hypotension; infection, other conditions that disrupt body's hoeostasis; adverse drug reaction; head injury; change in environment (e.g. hospitalization); pain; emotional stress.

Front 275

Cognition in patients with delirium=

Back 275

Impaired memory, judgement, calculations, attention span; can fluctuate through the day.

Front 276

Cause or contributing factors for delirium are

Back 276

Hypoglycemia, fever, dehydration, hypotension; infection, other conditions that disrupt body's hoeostasis; adverse drug reaction; head injury; change in environment (e.g. hospitalization); pain; emotional stress.

Front 277

Interventions for Delirium:

Back 277

1. Monitor client continuously either by having client in view of nurses’ station or having companion/caregiver with client at all times. ; 2. Distract client from pulling out tubes by providing activities and/or covering tubes.; 3. Provide for comfort needs such as pain, thirst, hygiene, toileting needs.; 4. Reorient client frequently; 5. Provide explanations for all procedures to decrease fear and agitation.; 6. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.

Front 278

Depressed clients typically show On the other hand, delirious clients tend to

Back 278

extreme sadness, lack of motivation to engage in any activity, and slow sluggish speech. While depressed patients may be slow and sad, they are oriented and aware of their environment. / have rapid mood swings (often fearful/suspicious), many fluctuations in activity level (tremors or spasticity may accompany movement), and slurred/rambling speech. In addition, delirious clients frequently have hallucinations, illusions, and delusions.

Front 279

Cognition in patients with delirium=

Back 279

Impaired memory, judgement, calculations, attention span; can fluctuate through the day.

Front 280

Cognition in patients with delirium=

Back 280

Impaired memory, judgement, calculations, attention span; can fluctuate through the day.

Front 281

Cognition in patients with delirium=

Back 281

Impaired memory, judgement, calculations, attention span; can fluctuate through the day.

Front 282

Outcome criterion for Delirium:

Back 282

Client will remain safe and free from injury while in the hospital.

Front 283

In sporadic CJD,

Back 283

the disease appears even though the person has no known risk factors for the disease. This is by far the most common type of CJD and accounts for at least 85 percent of cases.

Front 284

Onset for delirium is

Back 284

Sudden, over hours to days

Front 285

Outcome criterion for Delirium:

Back 285

Client will remain safe and free from injury while in the hospital.

Front 286

Level of consciousness of people with delirium=

Back 286

Altered

Front 287

Delirium Acute Confusion related to

Back 287

disturbance of cerebral metabolism secondary to (any of the medical causes) as evidenced by abrupt onset of disorientation, restlessness, incoherence, fear.

Front 288

Onset for delirium is

Back 288

Sudden, over hours to days

Front 289

In hereditary CJD,

Back 289

the person has a family history of the disease and/or tests positive for a genetic mutation associated with CJD. About 5 to 10 percent of cases of CJD in the United States are hereditary.

Front 290

Interventions for Delirium:

Back 290

1. Monitor client continuously either by having client in view of nurses’ station or having companion/caregiver with client at all times. ; 2. Distract client from pulling out tubes by providing activities and/or covering tubes.; 3. Provide for comfort needs such as pain, thirst, hygiene, toileting needs.; 4. Reorient client frequently; 5. Provide explanations for all procedures to decrease fear and agitation.; 6. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.

Front 291

Level of consciousness of people with delirium=

Back 291

Altered

Front 292

Interventions for Delirium:

Back 292

1. Monitor client continuously either by having client in view of nurses’ station or having companion/caregiver with client at all times. ; 2. Distract client from pulling out tubes by providing activities and/or covering tubes.; 3. Provide for comfort needs such as pain, thirst, hygiene, toileting needs.; 4. Reorient client frequently; 5. Provide explanations for all procedures to decrease fear and agitation.; 6. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.

Front 293

Cause or contributing factors for delirium are

Back 293

Hypoglycemia, fever, dehydration, hypotension; infection, other conditions that disrupt body's hoeostasis; adverse drug reaction; head injury; change in environment (e.g. hospitalization); pain; emotional stress.

Front 294

Activity level of people with delirium=

Back 294

Can be increased or reduced; restlessness, behaviors may worsen in evening (sundowning); sleep/wake cycle may be reversed.

Front 295

Delirium Outcome criteria:

Back 295

1. The client will be oriented to person, place, time, and purpose of hospitalization; 2. The client will participate in activities of daily living.; 3. The client will be calm.

Front 296

Level of consciousness of people with delirium=

Back 296

Altered

Front 297

Cause or contributing factors for delirium are

Back 297

Hypoglycemia, fever, dehydration, hypotension; infection, other conditions that disrupt body's hoeostasis; adverse drug reaction; head injury; change in environment (e.g. hospitalization); pain; emotional stress.

Front 298

Level of consciousness of people with delirium=

Back 298

Altered

Front 299

Cognition in patients with delirium=

Back 299

Impaired memory, judgement, calculations, attention span; can fluctuate through the day.

Front 300

In acquired CJD,

Back 300

the disease is transmitted by exposure to brain or nervous system tissue, usually through certain medical procedures. There is no evidence that CJD is contagious through casual contact with a CJD patient. Since CJD was first described in 1920, fewer than 1 percent of cases have been acquired CJD

Front 301

Interventions for delirium:

Back 301

1. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.; 2. Reorient frequently ; 3. Use short, simple, concrete phrases to communicate ; 4. Keep room well lit ; 5. Provide clocks and calendars ; 6. Keep caretakers consistent ; 7. Encourage client to wear glasses and hearing aids if applicable.; 8. Explain all procedures ; 9. Encourage family members to be present and/or have staff monitor continuously.

Front 302

Delirium Acute Confusion related to

Back 302

disturbance of cerebral metabolism secondary to (any of the medical causes) as evidenced by abrupt onset of disorientation, restlessness, incoherence, fear.

Front 303

Activity level of people with delirium=

Back 303

Can be increased or reduced; restlessness, behaviors may worsen in evening (sundowning); sleep/wake cycle may be reversed.

Front 304

Cognition in patients with delirium=

Back 304

Impaired memory, judgement, calculations, attention span; can fluctuate through the day.

Front 305

Emotional state of a person with delirium

Back 305

Rapid swings; can be fearful, anxious, suspicious, aggressive, have hallucinations and/or delusions.

Front 306

Activity level of people with delirium=

Back 306

Can be increased or reduced; restlessness, behaviors may worsen in evening (sundowning); sleep/wake cycle may be reversed.

Front 307

Activity level of people with delirium=

Back 307

Can be increased or reduced; restlessness, behaviors may worsen in evening (sundowning); sleep/wake cycle may be reversed.

Front 308

Delirium Acute Confusion related to

Back 308

disturbance of cerebral metabolism secondary to (any of the medical causes) as evidenced by abrupt onset of disorientation, restlessness, incoherence, fear.

Front 309

Level of consciousness of people with delirium=

Back 309

Altered

Front 310

DEMENTIA

Back 310

Memory loss that progresses and significantly interferes with functioning, characterized by progressive deterioration of the intellectual functioning, memory, and problem solving abilities. In addition, insight and judgment, and moral/ethical behavior decline as well. Emotional changes, a decline in self-care, hallucinations and delusions are also seen. Dementias may either be primary (not caused by any other disorder) or secondary (a result of other diseases).

Front 311

Level of consciousness of people with delirium=

Back 311

Altered

Front 312

A protein called a _____ is the causative agent in CJD.

Back 312

prion

Front 313

Emotional state of a person with delirium

Back 313

Rapid swings; can be fearful, anxious, suspicious, aggressive, have hallucinations and/or delusions.

Front 314

Delirium Outcome criteria:

Back 314

1. The client will be oriented to person, place, time, and purpose of hospitalization; 2. The client will participate in activities of daily living.; 3. The client will be calm.

Front 315

Emotional state of a person with delirium

Back 315

Rapid swings; can be fearful, anxious, suspicious, aggressive, have hallucinations and/or delusions.

Front 316

Speech and language of a person with delirium

Back 316

Rapid, inappropriate, incoherent, rambling.

Front 317

Emotional state of a person with delirium

Back 317

Rapid swings; can be fearful, anxious, suspicious, aggressive, have hallucinations and/or delusions.

Front 318

Delirium Outcome criteria:

Back 318

1. The client will be oriented to person, place, time, and purpose of hospitalization; 2. The client will participate in activities of daily living.; 3. The client will be calm.

Front 319

Speech and language of a person with delirium

Back 319

Rapid, inappropriate, incoherent, rambling.

Front 320

Interventions for delirium:

Back 320

1. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.; 2. Reorient frequently ; 3. Use short, simple, concrete phrases to communicate ; 4. Keep room well lit ; 5. Provide clocks and calendars ; 6. Keep caretakers consistent ; 7. Encourage client to wear glasses and hearing aids if applicable.; 8. Explain all procedures ; 9. Encourage family members to be present and/or have staff monitor continuously.

Front 321

Activity level of people with delirium=

Back 321

Can be increased or reduced; restlessness, behaviors may worsen in evening (sundowning); sleep/wake cycle may be reversed.

Front 322

PRIMARY Causes of Dementia

Back 322

Alzheimer’s Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s Disease); Multi-infarct dementia (vascular neurocognitive disorder); Pick’s disease (frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder); Huntington’s disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Huntington’s Disease); Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease); Lewy Body Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to lewy body dementia).

Front 323

Speech and language of a person with delirium

Back 323

Rapid, inappropriate, incoherent, rambling.

Front 324

Interventions for delirium:

Back 324

1. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.; 2. Reorient frequently ; 3. Use short, simple, concrete phrases to communicate ; 4. Keep room well lit ; 5. Provide clocks and calendars ; 6. Keep caretakers consistent ; 7. Encourage client to wear glasses and hearing aids if applicable.; 8. Explain all procedures ; 9. Encourage family members to be present and/or have staff monitor continuously.

Front 325

Prognosis of a patient with delirium=

Back 325

Reversible with proper and timely treatment.

Front 326

Activity level of people with delirium=

Back 326

Can be increased or reduced; restlessness, behaviors may worsen in evening (sundowning); sleep/wake cycle may be reversed.

Front 327

How is CJD spread from one to another?

Back 327

Prions have normal forms as well as infectious forms in CJD. When a person comes in contact with the infectious forms, their normal prions change into the infectious, abnormal, form.

Front 328

Speech and language of a person with delirium

Back 328

Rapid, inappropriate, incoherent, rambling.

Front 329

Emotional state of a person with delirium

Back 329

Rapid swings; can be fearful, anxious, suspicious, aggressive, have hallucinations and/or delusions.

Front 330

Prognosis of a patient with delirium=

Back 330

Reversible with proper and timely treatment.

Front 331

DEMENTIA

Back 331

Memory loss that progresses and significantly interferes with functioning, characterized by progressive deterioration of the intellectual functioning, memory, and problem solving abilities. In addition, insight and judgment, and moral/ethical behavior decline as well. Emotional changes, a decline in self-care, hallucinations and delusions are also seen. Dementias may either be primary (not caused by any other disorder) or secondary (a result of other diseases).

Front 332

Prognosis of a patient with delirium=

Back 332

Reversible with proper and timely treatment.

Front 333

Prognosis of a patient with delirium=

Back 333

Reversible with proper and timely treatment.

Front 334

SECONDARY Causes of Dementia

Back 334

Tuberculosis & other infections of the brain; Trauma; Metal poisoning; Korsakoff’s syndrome; AIDs related dementia;

Front 335

ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES FOR DELIRIUM

Back 335

Acute onset & fluctuating course ; Inattention ; Disorganized thinking ; Disturbances of consciousness ; Sundowning

Front 336

Emotional state of a person with delirium

Back 336

Rapid swings; can be fearful, anxious, suspicious, aggressive, have hallucinations and/or delusions.

Front 337

The inherited type of CJD occurs by?

Back 337

there is a spontaneous mutation in the gene that controls prion formation. This mutation causes the infectious form of the prion to develop. The genetic defect can be inherited.

Front 338

DEMENTIA

Back 338

Memory loss that progresses and significantly interferes with functioning, characterized by progressive deterioration of the intellectual functioning, memory, and problem solving abilities. In addition, insight and judgment, and moral/ethical behavior decline as well. Emotional changes, a decline in self-care, hallucinations and delusions are also seen. Dementias may either be primary (not caused by any other disorder) or secondary (a result of other diseases).

Front 339

Speech and language of a person with delirium

Back 339

Rapid, inappropriate, incoherent, rambling.

Front 340

Huntington’s Disease

Back 340

This is a genetically transmitted disease characterized by abnormal movements (chorea), intellectual decline, and emotional disturbances. The abnormal gene has been located, and genetic testing is available. The disease is autosomal dominant. That means that a person only needs to inherit one gene to develop the disease. Therefore there is a 50% chance of children inheriting the disease if one parent carries the Huntington’s (H) gene.

Front 341

What is the action of a prion on the brain?

Back 341

The prion acts on the brain causing it to degenerate. In the early stages the patient shows progressive memory loss, visual impairment, and dysphagia. Within weeks a relentless progression of dementia sets in. Most patients die between 1-2 years after onset.

Front 342

Speech and language of a person with delirium

Back 342

Rapid, inappropriate, incoherent, rambling.

Front 343

ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES FOR DELIRIUM

Back 343

Acute onset & fluctuating course ; Inattention ; Disorganized thinking ; Disturbances of consciousness ; Sundowning

Front 344

Prognosis of a patient with delirium=

Back 344

Reversible with proper and timely treatment.

Front 345

PRIMARY Causes of Dementia

Back 345

Alzheimer’s Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s Disease); Multi-infarct dementia (vascular neurocognitive disorder); Pick’s disease (frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder); Huntington’s disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Huntington’s Disease); Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease); Lewy Body Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to lewy body dementia).

Front 346

ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES FOR DELIRIUM

Back 346

Acute onset & fluctuating course ; Inattention ; Disorganized thinking ; Disturbances of consciousness ; Sundowning

Front 347

ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES FOR DELIRIUM

Back 347

Acute onset & fluctuating course ; Inattention ; Disorganized thinking ; Disturbances of consciousness ; Sundowning

Front 348

Two key nursing diagnoses guide the care of the delirious client:

Back 348

Risk for Injury and Acute Confusion.

Front 349

PRIMARY Causes of Dementia

Back 349

Alzheimer’s Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s Disease); Multi-infarct dementia (vascular neurocognitive disorder); Pick’s disease (frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder); Huntington’s disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Huntington’s Disease); Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease); Lewy Body Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to lewy body dementia).

Front 350

SECONDARY Causes of Dementia

Back 350

Tuberculosis & other infections of the brain; Trauma; Metal poisoning; Korsakoff’s syndrome; AIDs related dementia;

Front 351

Two key nursing diagnoses guide the care of the delirious client:

Back 351

Risk for Injury and Acute Confusion.

Front 352

Delirium Risk for Injury related to

Back 352

confusion and sensory and perceptual deficits:

Front 353

Nursing care is aimed toward

Back 353

supportive care. No tissue donations may be used from these patients.

Front 354

Two key nursing diagnoses guide the care of the delirious client:

Back 354

Risk for Injury and Acute Confusion.

Front 355

Two key nursing diagnoses guide the care of the delirious client:

Back 355

Risk for Injury and Acute Confusion.

Front 356

Show the gene chart of heredity for Huntington's Disease

Front 357

Prognosis of a patient with delirium=

Back 357

Reversible with proper and timely treatment.

Front 358

SECONDARY Causes of Dementia

Back 358

Tuberculosis & other infections of the brain; Trauma; Metal poisoning; Korsakoff’s syndrome; AIDs related dementia;

Front 359

ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES FOR DELIRIUM

Back 359

Acute onset & fluctuating course ; Inattention ; Disorganized thinking ; Disturbances of consciousness ; Sundowning

Front 360

Huntington’s Disease

Back 360

This is a genetically transmitted disease characterized by abnormal movements (chorea), intellectual decline, and emotional disturbances. The abnormal gene has been located, and genetic testing is available. The disease is autosomal dominant. That means that a person only needs to inherit one gene to develop the disease. Therefore there is a 50% chance of children inheriting the disease if one parent carries the Huntington’s (H) gene.

Front 361

Delirium Risk for Injury related to

Back 361

confusion and sensory and perceptual deficits:

Front 362

Those who inherit Huntington's Disease from their _______ have an earlier onset and shorter lifespan than those who inherit from their ______.

Back 362

father ; mother

Front 363

Delirium Risk for Injury related to

Back 363

confusion and sensory and perceptual deficits:

Front 364

Two key nursing diagnoses guide the care of the delirious client:

Back 364

Risk for Injury and Acute Confusion.

Front 365

Delirium Risk for Injury related to

Back 365

confusion and sensory and perceptual deficits:

Front 366

Outcome criterion for Delirium:

Back 366

Client will remain safe and free from injury while in the hospital.

Front 367

Compare Pick’s Disease to Alzheimers.

Back 367

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called “Pick’s bodies” are found and the neurons “balloon” in appearance. This is significantly different than the plaques and tangles found in Alzheimer’s. Also the changes of Picks are located in the frontal and anterior temporal lobes of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 368

ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES FOR DELIRIUM

Back 368

Acute onset & fluctuating course ; Inattention ; Disorganized thinking ; Disturbances of consciousness ; Sundowning

Front 369

Huntington’s Disease

Back 369

This is a genetically transmitted disease characterized by abnormal movements (chorea), intellectual decline, and emotional disturbances. The abnormal gene has been located, and genetic testing is available. The disease is autosomal dominant. That means that a person only needs to inherit one gene to develop the disease. Therefore there is a 50% chance of children inheriting the disease if one parent carries the Huntington’s (H) gene.

Front 370

Show the gene chart of heredity for Huntington's Disease

Front 371

Interventions for Delirium:

Back 371

1. Monitor client continuously either by having client in view of nurses’ station or having companion/caregiver with client at all times. ; 2. Distract client from pulling out tubes by providing activities and/or covering tubes.; 3. Provide for comfort needs such as pain, thirst, hygiene, toileting needs.; 4. Reorient client frequently; 5. Provide explanations for all procedures to decrease fear and agitation.; 6. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.

Front 372

Outcome criterion for Delirium:

Back 372

Client will remain safe and free from injury while in the hospital.

Front 373

Two key nursing diagnoses guide the care of the delirious client:

Back 373

Risk for Injury and Acute Confusion.

Front 374

Pick’s disease is a rare disease first described in

Back 374

1892

Front 375

Outcome criterion for Delirium:

Back 375

Client will remain safe and free from injury while in the hospital.

Front 376

The disease usually develops between age _____ & _____. This means that people have had children before realizing that they carry the gene.

Back 376

30 and 50

Front 377

Show the gene chart of heredity for Huntington's Disease

Front 378

Outcome criterion for Delirium:

Back 378

Client will remain safe and free from injury while in the hospital.

Front 379

Delirium Risk for Injury related to

Back 379

confusion and sensory and perceptual deficits:

Front 380

Those who inherit Huntington's Disease from their _______ have an earlier onset and shorter lifespan than those who inherit from their ______.

Back 380

father ; mother

Front 381

Those who inherit Huntington's Disease from their _______ have an earlier onset and shorter lifespan than those who inherit from their ______.

Back 381

father ; mother

Front 382

While it has been mistaken for ___________, the changes and symptoms are actually very different.

Back 382

Alzheimer’s disease;

Front 383

Interventions for Delirium:

Back 383

1. Monitor client continuously either by having client in view of nurses’ station or having companion/caregiver with client at all times. ; 2. Distract client from pulling out tubes by providing activities and/or covering tubes.; 3. Provide for comfort needs such as pain, thirst, hygiene, toileting needs.; 4. Reorient client frequently; 5. Provide explanations for all procedures to decrease fear and agitation.; 6. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.

Front 384

Outcome criterion for Delirium:

Back 384

Client will remain safe and free from injury while in the hospital.

Front 385

Delirium Risk for Injury related to

Back 385

confusion and sensory and perceptual deficits:

Front 386

Interventions for Delirium:

Back 386

1. Monitor client continuously either by having client in view of nurses’ station or having companion/caregiver with client at all times. ; 2. Distract client from pulling out tubes by providing activities and/or covering tubes.; 3. Provide for comfort needs such as pain, thirst, hygiene, toileting needs.; 4. Reorient client frequently; 5. Provide explanations for all procedures to decrease fear and agitation.; 6. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.

Front 387

Delirium Acute Confusion related to

Back 387

disturbance of cerebral metabolism secondary to (any of the medical causes) as evidenced by abrupt onset of disorientation, restlessness, incoherence, fear.

Front 388

Interventions for Delirium:

Back 388

1. Monitor client continuously either by having client in view of nurses’ station or having companion/caregiver with client at all times. ; 2. Distract client from pulling out tubes by providing activities and/or covering tubes.; 3. Provide for comfort needs such as pain, thirst, hygiene, toileting needs.; 4. Reorient client frequently; 5. Provide explanations for all procedures to decrease fear and agitation.; 6. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.

Front 389

The Huntington’s gene causes parts of the _____ (involved with movement) to degenerate. As a consequence there is a reduction of several neurotransmitters, including _____ and _____.

Back 389

basal ganglia; acetylcholine; GABA;

Front 390

Huntington's Disease changes the acetylcholine to dopamine balance, making it seem as if there is too much_____ present in the brain. The imbalance causes _______ – the opposite of Parkinson’s or the pseudoparkinsonisms that come from blocking dopamine.

Back 390

dopamine; excessive movement;

Front 391

Delirium Acute Confusion related to

Back 391

disturbance of cerebral metabolism secondary to (any of the medical causes) as evidenced by abrupt onset of disorientation, restlessness, incoherence, fear.

Front 392

Delirium Outcome criteria:

Back 392

1. The client will be oriented to person, place, time, and purpose of hospitalization; 2. The client will participate in activities of daily living.; 3. The client will be calm.

Front 393

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called _________ are found and the neurons __________ in appearance. This is significantly different than the ________&________ found in Alzheimer’s.

Back 393

“Pick’s bodies”; “balloon”; plaques and tangles

Front 394

Outcome criterion for Delirium:

Back 394

Client will remain safe and free from injury while in the hospital.

Front 395

Delirium Acute Confusion related to

Back 395

disturbance of cerebral metabolism secondary to (any of the medical causes) as evidenced by abrupt onset of disorientation, restlessness, incoherence, fear.

Front 396

The disease usually develops between age _____ & _____. This means that people have had children before realizing that they carry the gene.

Back 396

30 and 50

Front 397

Delirium Acute Confusion related to

Back 397

disturbance of cerebral metabolism secondary to (any of the medical causes) as evidenced by abrupt onset of disorientation, restlessness, incoherence, fear.

Front 398

Interventions for Delirium:

Back 398

1. Monitor client continuously either by having client in view of nurses’ station or having companion/caregiver with client at all times. ; 2. Distract client from pulling out tubes by providing activities and/or covering tubes.; 3. Provide for comfort needs such as pain, thirst, hygiene, toileting needs.; 4. Reorient client frequently; 5. Provide explanations for all procedures to decrease fear and agitation.; 6. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.

Front 399

The disease usually develops between age _____ & _____. This means that people have had children before realizing that they carry the gene.

Back 399

30 and 50

Front 400

There is no known cure or treatment for Huntington's Disease. The average course of the disease is _____. During that time the person’s _____ and _____ abilities progressively decline. Patients experience increasing levels of _____ ______ (______) as well as the development of _____.

Back 400

15 years; movement; intellectual; uncontrolled movement (chorea); dementia

Front 401

Interventions for delirium:

Back 401

1. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.; 2. Reorient frequently ; 3. Use short, simple, concrete phrases to communicate ; 4. Keep room well lit ; 5. Provide clocks and calendars ; 6. Keep caretakers consistent ; 7. Encourage client to wear glasses and hearing aids if applicable.; 8. Explain all procedures ; 9. Encourage family members to be present and/or have staff monitor continuously.

Front 402

Delirium Outcome criteria:

Back 402

1. The client will be oriented to person, place, time, and purpose of hospitalization; 2. The client will participate in activities of daily living.; 3. The client will be calm.

Front 403

The changes of Picks are located in the ________ & __________ of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast______________.

Back 403

frontal and anterior temporal lobes; is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 404

Delirium Outcome criteria:

Back 404

1. The client will be oriented to person, place, time, and purpose of hospitalization; 2. The client will participate in activities of daily living.; 3. The client will be calm.

Front 405

The Huntington’s gene causes parts of the _____ (involved with movement) to degenerate. As a consequence there is a reduction of several neurotransmitters, including _____ and _____.

Back 405

basal ganglia; acetylcholine; GABA;

Front 406

Delirium Outcome criteria:

Back 406

1. The client will be oriented to person, place, time, and purpose of hospitalization; 2. The client will participate in activities of daily living.; 3. The client will be calm.

Front 407

Delirium Acute Confusion related to

Back 407

disturbance of cerebral metabolism secondary to (any of the medical causes) as evidenced by abrupt onset of disorientation, restlessness, incoherence, fear.

Front 408

The Huntington’s gene causes parts of the _____ (involved with movement) to degenerate. As a consequence there is a reduction of several neurotransmitters, including _____ and _____.

Back 408

basal ganglia; acetylcholine; GABA;

Front 409

Interventions for Delirium:

Back 409

1. Monitor client continuously either by having client in view of nurses’ station or having companion/caregiver with client at all times. ; 2. Distract client from pulling out tubes by providing activities and/or covering tubes.; 3. Provide for comfort needs such as pain, thirst, hygiene, toileting needs.; 4. Reorient client frequently; 5. Provide explanations for all procedures to decrease fear and agitation.; 6. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.

Front 410

Interventions for delirium:

Back 410

1. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.; 2. Reorient frequently ; 3. Use short, simple, concrete phrases to communicate ; 4. Keep room well lit ; 5. Provide clocks and calendars ; 6. Keep caretakers consistent ; 7. Encourage client to wear glasses and hearing aids if applicable.; 8. Explain all procedures ; 9. Encourage family members to be present and/or have staff monitor continuously.

Front 411

Delirium Outcome criteria:

Back 411

1. The client will be oriented to person, place, time, and purpose of hospitalization; 2. The client will participate in activities of daily living.; 3. The client will be calm.

Front 412

Interventions for delirium:

Back 412

1. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.; 2. Reorient frequently ; 3. Use short, simple, concrete phrases to communicate ; 4. Keep room well lit ; 5. Provide clocks and calendars ; 6. Keep caretakers consistent ; 7. Encourage client to wear glasses and hearing aids if applicable.; 8. Explain all procedures ; 9. Encourage family members to be present and/or have staff monitor continuously.

Front 413

For Huntington's Disease, _____ or other _____ may be used to control movement and psychotic behavior. Nursing care is aimed at_____ _____ as long as possible and then preventing complications when the person becomes _____ _____ ______ ______.

Back 413

Haldol; antipsychotic drugs; maintaining independence; dependent on others for care

Front 414

Interventions for delirium:

Back 414

1. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.; 2. Reorient frequently ; 3. Use short, simple, concrete phrases to communicate ; 4. Keep room well lit ; 5. Provide clocks and calendars ; 6. Keep caretakers consistent ; 7. Encourage client to wear glasses and hearing aids if applicable.; 8. Explain all procedures ; 9. Encourage family members to be present and/or have staff monitor continuously.

Front 415

Personality changes can take the form of ______, _____, and ______.

Back 415

apathy; disregard for social norms; loss of functionality

Front 416

DEMENTIA

Back 416

Memory loss that progresses and significantly interferes with functioning, characterized by progressive deterioration of the intellectual functioning, memory, and problem solving abilities. In addition, insight and judgment, and moral/ethical behavior decline as well. Emotional changes, a decline in self-care, hallucinations and delusions are also seen. Dementias may either be primary (not caused by any other disorder) or secondary (a result of other diseases).

Front 417

Huntington's Disease changes the acetylcholine to dopamine balance, making it seem as if there is too much_____ present in the brain. The imbalance causes _______ – the opposite of Parkinson’s or the pseudoparkinsonisms that come from blocking dopamine.

Back 417

dopamine; excessive movement;

Front 418

Huntington's Disease changes the acetylcholine to dopamine balance, making it seem as if there is too much_____ present in the brain. The imbalance causes _______ – the opposite of Parkinson’s or the pseudoparkinsonisms that come from blocking dopamine.

Back 418

dopamine; excessive movement;

Front 419

Delirium Acute Confusion related to

Back 419

disturbance of cerebral metabolism secondary to (any of the medical causes) as evidenced by abrupt onset of disorientation, restlessness, incoherence, fear.

Front 420

DEMENTIA

Back 420

Memory loss that progresses and significantly interferes with functioning, characterized by progressive deterioration of the intellectual functioning, memory, and problem solving abilities. In addition, insight and judgment, and moral/ethical behavior decline as well. Emotional changes, a decline in self-care, hallucinations and delusions are also seen. Dementias may either be primary (not caused by any other disorder) or secondary (a result of other diseases).

Front 421

There is no known cure or treatment for Huntington's Disease. The average course of the disease is _____. During that time the person’s _____ and _____ abilities progressively decline. Patients experience increasing levels of _____ ______ (______) as well as the development of _____.

Back 421

15 years; movement; intellectual; uncontrolled movement (chorea); dementia

Front 422

Interventions for delirium:

Back 422

1. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.; 2. Reorient frequently ; 3. Use short, simple, concrete phrases to communicate ; 4. Keep room well lit ; 5. Provide clocks and calendars ; 6. Keep caretakers consistent ; 7. Encourage client to wear glasses and hearing aids if applicable.; 8. Explain all procedures ; 9. Encourage family members to be present and/or have staff monitor continuously.

Front 423

As the disease progresses_____ becomes difficult. Eventually the person becomes _____.

Back 423

language; mute

Front 424

Delirium Outcome criteria:

Back 424

1. The client will be oriented to person, place, time, and purpose of hospitalization; 2. The client will participate in activities of daily living.; 3. The client will be calm.

Front 425

Huntington's Disease presents patients and their families with several difficult decisions. Explain.

Back 425

1) The patient will eventually become totally dependent. 2) Decisions about what measures should be taken to maintain life need to be made. 3) It is advisable to have advanced directives and a durable power of attorney in force. 4) Also children must make decisions about their own child bearing as well as whether or not they want to be tested for the disease. 5) Counseling before genetic testing is required as the impact of knowing you have inherited a deadly disease is substantial.

Front 426

DEMENTIA

Back 426

Memory loss that progresses and significantly interferes with functioning, characterized by progressive deterioration of the intellectual functioning, memory, and problem solving abilities. In addition, insight and judgment, and moral/ethical behavior decline as well. Emotional changes, a decline in self-care, hallucinations and delusions are also seen. Dementias may either be primary (not caused by any other disorder) or secondary (a result of other diseases).

Front 427

DEMENTIA

Back 427

Memory loss that progresses and significantly interferes with functioning, characterized by progressive deterioration of the intellectual functioning, memory, and problem solving abilities. In addition, insight and judgment, and moral/ethical behavior decline as well. Emotional changes, a decline in self-care, hallucinations and delusions are also seen. Dementias may either be primary (not caused by any other disorder) or secondary (a result of other diseases).

Front 428

There is no known cure or treatment for Huntington's Disease. The average course of the disease is _____. During that time the person’s _____ and _____ abilities progressively decline. Patients experience increasing levels of _____ ______ (______) as well as the development of _____.

Back 428

15 years; movement; intellectual; uncontrolled movement (chorea); dementia

Front 429

PRIMARY Causes of Dementia

Back 429

Alzheimer’s Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s Disease); Multi-infarct dementia (vascular neurocognitive disorder); Pick’s disease (frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder); Huntington’s disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Huntington’s Disease); Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease); Lewy Body Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to lewy body dementia).

Front 430

PRIMARY Causes of Dementia

Back 430

Alzheimer’s Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s Disease); Multi-infarct dementia (vascular neurocognitive disorder); Pick’s disease (frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder); Huntington’s disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Huntington’s Disease); Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease); Lewy Body Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to lewy body dementia).

Front 431

For Huntington's Disease, _____ or other _____ may be used to control movement and psychotic behavior. Nursing care is aimed at_____ _____ as long as possible and then preventing complications when the person becomes _____ _____ ______ ______.

Back 431

Haldol; antipsychotic drugs; maintaining independence; dependent on others for care

Front 432

DEMENTIA

Back 432

Memory loss that progresses and significantly interferes with functioning, characterized by progressive deterioration of the intellectual functioning, memory, and problem solving abilities. In addition, insight and judgment, and moral/ethical behavior decline as well. Emotional changes, a decline in self-care, hallucinations and delusions are also seen. Dementias may either be primary (not caused by any other disorder) or secondary (a result of other diseases).

Front 433

The average course of the disease is _____. The physical management is similar to Alzheimer’s disease.

Back 433

five years

Front 434

PRIMARY Causes of Dementia

Back 434

Alzheimer’s Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s Disease); Multi-infarct dementia (vascular neurocognitive disorder); Pick’s disease (frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder); Huntington’s disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Huntington’s Disease); Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease); Lewy Body Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to lewy body dementia).

Front 435

Interventions for delirium:

Back 435

1. Assess level of consciousness and neurological signs every 4 hours.; 2. Reorient frequently ; 3. Use short, simple, concrete phrases to communicate ; 4. Keep room well lit ; 5. Provide clocks and calendars ; 6. Keep caretakers consistent ; 7. Encourage client to wear glasses and hearing aids if applicable.; 8. Explain all procedures ; 9. Encourage family members to be present and/or have staff monitor continuously.

Front 436

What are the ethical issues with regards to Huntington's Disease:

Back 436

who should you tell? Family? Doctor? Insurance company?

Front 437

For Huntington's Disease, _____ or other _____ may be used to control movement and psychotic behavior. Nursing care is aimed at_____ _____ as long as possible and then preventing complications when the person becomes _____ _____ ______ ______.

Back 437

Haldol; antipsychotic drugs; maintaining independence; dependent on others for care

Front 438

SECONDARY Causes of Dementia

Back 438

Tuberculosis & other infections of the brain; Trauma; Metal poisoning; Korsakoff’s syndrome; AIDs related dementia;

Front 439

PRIMARY Causes of Dementia

Back 439

Alzheimer’s Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s Disease); Multi-infarct dementia (vascular neurocognitive disorder); Pick’s disease (frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder); Huntington’s disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Huntington’s Disease); Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease); Lewy Body Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to lewy body dementia).

Front 440

SECONDARY Causes of Dementia

Back 440

Tuberculosis & other infections of the brain; Trauma; Metal poisoning; Korsakoff’s syndrome; AIDs related dementia;

Front 441

Huntington's Disease presents patients and their families with several difficult decisions. Explain.

Back 441

1) The patient will eventually become totally dependent. 2) Decisions about what measures should be taken to maintain life need to be made. 3) It is advisable to have advanced directives and a durable power of attorney in force. 4) Also children must make decisions about their own child bearing as well as whether or not they want to be tested for the disease. 5) Counseling before genetic testing is required as the impact of knowing you have inherited a deadly disease is substantial.

Front 442

PRIMARY Causes of Dementia

Back 442

Alzheimer’s Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s Disease); Multi-infarct dementia (vascular neurocognitive disorder); Pick’s disease (frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder); Huntington’s disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Huntington’s Disease); Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease); Lewy Body Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to lewy body dementia).

Front 443

Lewy Body Disease

Back 443

Friederich H. Lewy discovered abnormal protein deposits that disrupt the brain's normal functioning.

Front 444

DEMENTIA

Back 444

Memory loss that progresses and significantly interferes with functioning, characterized by progressive deterioration of the intellectual functioning, memory, and problem solving abilities. In addition, insight and judgment, and moral/ethical behavior decline as well. Emotional changes, a decline in self-care, hallucinations and delusions are also seen. Dementias may either be primary (not caused by any other disorder) or secondary (a result of other diseases).

Front 445

SECONDARY Causes of Dementia

Back 445

Tuberculosis & other infections of the brain; Trauma; Metal poisoning; Korsakoff’s syndrome; AIDs related dementia;

Front 446

Creutzfelt-Jakob Disease is an unique disease in that it can arise from three separate mechanisms:

Back 446

sporadic CJD; hereditary CJD; acquired CJD

Front 447

SECONDARY Causes of Dementia

Back 447

Tuberculosis & other infections of the brain; Trauma; Metal poisoning; Korsakoff’s syndrome; AIDs related dementia;

Front 448

Huntington's Disease presents patients and their families with several difficult decisions. Explain.

Back 448

1) The patient will eventually become totally dependent. 2) Decisions about what measures should be taken to maintain life need to be made. 3) It is advisable to have advanced directives and a durable power of attorney in force. 4) Also children must make decisions about their own child bearing as well as whether or not they want to be tested for the disease. 5) Counseling before genetic testing is required as the impact of knowing you have inherited a deadly disease is substantial.

Front 449

Huntington’s Disease

Back 449

This is a genetically transmitted disease characterized by abnormal movements (chorea), intellectual decline, and emotional disturbances. The abnormal gene has been located, and genetic testing is available. The disease is autosomal dominant. That means that a person only needs to inherit one gene to develop the disease. Therefore there is a 50% chance of children inheriting the disease if one parent carries the Huntington’s (H) gene.

Front 450

Huntington’s Disease

Back 450

This is a genetically transmitted disease characterized by abnormal movements (chorea), intellectual decline, and emotional disturbances. The abnormal gene has been located, and genetic testing is available. The disease is autosomal dominant. That means that a person only needs to inherit one gene to develop the disease. Therefore there is a 50% chance of children inheriting the disease if one parent carries the Huntington’s (H) gene.

Front 451

What are the ethical issues with regards to Huntington's Disease:

Back 451

who should you tell? Family? Doctor? Insurance company?

Front 452

Lewy body protein deposits can be found_________ where they deplete ______ causing Parkinsonian type movement problems.

Back 452

in the brain stem ; dopamine ;

Front 453

SECONDARY Causes of Dementia

Back 453

Tuberculosis & other infections of the brain; Trauma; Metal poisoning; Korsakoff’s syndrome; AIDs related dementia;

Front 454

Show the gene chart of heredity for Huntington's Disease

Front 455

PRIMARY Causes of Dementia

Back 455

Alzheimer’s Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s Disease); Multi-infarct dementia (vascular neurocognitive disorder); Pick’s disease (frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder); Huntington’s disease (neurocognitive disorder due to Huntington’s Disease); Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease); Lewy Body Disease (neurocognitive disorder due to lewy body dementia).

Front 456

Huntington’s Disease

Back 456

This is a genetically transmitted disease characterized by abnormal movements (chorea), intellectual decline, and emotional disturbances. The abnormal gene has been located, and genetic testing is available. The disease is autosomal dominant. That means that a person only needs to inherit one gene to develop the disease. Therefore there is a 50% chance of children inheriting the disease if one parent carries the Huntington’s (H) gene.

Front 457

Show the gene chart of heredity for Huntington's Disease

Front 458

Huntington’s Disease

Back 458

This is a genetically transmitted disease characterized by abnormal movements (chorea), intellectual decline, and emotional disturbances. The abnormal gene has been located, and genetic testing is available. The disease is autosomal dominant. That means that a person only needs to inherit one gene to develop the disease. Therefore there is a 50% chance of children inheriting the disease if one parent carries the Huntington’s (H) gene.

Front 459

What are the ethical issues with regards to Huntington's Disease:

Back 459

who should you tell? Family? Doctor? Insurance company?

Front 460

In sporadic CJD,

Back 460

the disease appears even though the person has no known risk factors for the disease. This is by far the most common type of CJD and accounts for at least 85 percent of cases.

Front 461

SECONDARY Causes of Dementia

Back 461

Tuberculosis & other infections of the brain; Trauma; Metal poisoning; Korsakoff’s syndrome; AIDs related dementia;

Front 462

Those who inherit Huntington's Disease from their _______ have an earlier onset and shorter lifespan than those who inherit from their ______.

Back 462

father ; mother

Front 463

Show the gene chart of heredity for Huntington's Disease

Front 464

Those who inherit Huntington's Disease from their _______ have an earlier onset and shorter lifespan than those who inherit from their ______.

Back 464

father ; mother

Front 465

Show the gene chart of heredity for Huntington's Disease

Front 466

In hereditary CJD,

Back 466

the person has a family history of the disease and/or tests positive for a genetic mutation associated with CJD. About 5 to 10 percent of cases of CJD in the United States are hereditary.

Front 467

Lewy body deposits are also found throughout the brain where they cause __________. This in turn causes cognitive changes similar to Alzheimer’s Disease.

Back 467

a depletion of acetylcholine;

Front 468

Creutzfelt-Jakob Disease is an unique disease in that it can arise from three separate mechanisms:

Back 468

sporadic CJD; hereditary CJD; acquired CJD

Front 469

Huntington’s Disease

Back 469

This is a genetically transmitted disease characterized by abnormal movements (chorea), intellectual decline, and emotional disturbances. The abnormal gene has been located, and genetic testing is available. The disease is autosomal dominant. That means that a person only needs to inherit one gene to develop the disease. Therefore there is a 50% chance of children inheriting the disease if one parent carries the Huntington’s (H) gene.

Front 470

Creutzfelt-Jakob Disease is an unique disease in that it can arise from three separate mechanisms:

Back 470

sporadic CJD; hereditary CJD; acquired CJD

Front 471

Those who inherit Huntington's Disease from their _______ have an earlier onset and shorter lifespan than those who inherit from their ______.

Back 471

father ; mother

Front 472

Huntington’s Disease

Back 472

This is a genetically transmitted disease characterized by abnormal movements (chorea), intellectual decline, and emotional disturbances. The abnormal gene has been located, and genetic testing is available. The disease is autosomal dominant. That means that a person only needs to inherit one gene to develop the disease. Therefore there is a 50% chance of children inheriting the disease if one parent carries the Huntington’s (H) gene.

Front 473

Those who inherit Huntington's Disease from their _______ have an earlier onset and shorter lifespan than those who inherit from their ______.

Back 473

father ; mother

Front 474

The average life span of someone with Lewy Body Disease, from the time of diagnosis, is_____ years. There is no definitive drug treatment, and patients will need daily care for their self-care deficits.

Back 474

5-7

Front 475

The disease usually develops between age _____ & _____. This means that people have had children before realizing that they carry the gene.

Back 475

30 and 50

Front 476

The disease usually develops between age _____ & _____. This means that people have had children before realizing that they carry the gene.

Back 476

30 and 50

Front 477

Show the gene chart of heredity for Huntington's Disease

Front 478

In sporadic CJD,

Back 478

the disease appears even though the person has no known risk factors for the disease. This is by far the most common type of CJD and accounts for at least 85 percent of cases.

Front 479

In sporadic CJD,

Back 479

the disease appears even though the person has no known risk factors for the disease. This is by far the most common type of CJD and accounts for at least 85 percent of cases.

Front 480

In acquired CJD,

Back 480

the disease is transmitted by exposure to brain or nervous system tissue, usually through certain medical procedures. There is no evidence that CJD is contagious through casual contact with a CJD patient. Since CJD was first described in 1920, fewer than 1 percent of cases have been acquired CJD

Front 481

The disease usually develops between age _____ & _____. This means that people have had children before realizing that they carry the gene.

Back 481

30 and 50

Front 482

Show the gene chart of heredity for Huntington's Disease

Front 483

The Huntington’s gene causes parts of the _____ (involved with movement) to degenerate. As a consequence there is a reduction of several neurotransmitters, including _____ and _____.

Back 483

basal ganglia; acetylcholine; GABA;

Front 484

In hereditary CJD,

Back 484

the person has a family history of the disease and/or tests positive for a genetic mutation associated with CJD. About 5 to 10 percent of cases of CJD in the United States are hereditary.

Front 485

The disease usually develops between age _____ & _____. This means that people have had children before realizing that they carry the gene.

Back 485

30 and 50

Front 486

A protein called a _____ is the causative agent in CJD.

Back 486

prion

Front 487

In hereditary CJD,

Back 487

the person has a family history of the disease and/or tests positive for a genetic mutation associated with CJD. About 5 to 10 percent of cases of CJD in the United States are hereditary.

Front 488

The causes of Alzheimer ’s disease are not known. _______ is a risk factor. The risk of developing Alzheimer’s increases as…...

Back 488

Age ; age advances

Front 489

The Huntington’s gene causes parts of the _____ (involved with movement) to degenerate. As a consequence there is a reduction of several neurotransmitters, including _____ and _____.

Back 489

basal ganglia; acetylcholine; GABA;

Front 490

Those who inherit Huntington's Disease from their _______ have an earlier onset and shorter lifespan than those who inherit from their ______.

Back 490

father ; mother

Front 491

The Huntington’s gene causes parts of the _____ (involved with movement) to degenerate. As a consequence there is a reduction of several neurotransmitters, including _____ and _____.

Back 491

basal ganglia; acetylcholine; GABA;

Front 492

Those who inherit Huntington's Disease from their _______ have an earlier onset and shorter lifespan than those who inherit from their ______.

Back 492

father ; mother

Front 493

The disease usually develops between age _____ & _____. This means that people have had children before realizing that they carry the gene.

Back 493

30 and 50

Front 494

Huntington's Disease changes the acetylcholine to dopamine balance, making it seem as if there is too much_____ present in the brain. The imbalance causes _______ – the opposite of Parkinson’s or the pseudoparkinsonisms that come from blocking dopamine.

Back 494

dopamine; excessive movement;

Front 495

The Huntington’s gene causes parts of the _____ (involved with movement) to degenerate. As a consequence there is a reduction of several neurotransmitters, including _____ and _____.

Back 495

basal ganglia; acetylcholine; GABA;

Front 496

In acquired CJD,

Back 496

the disease is transmitted by exposure to brain or nervous system tissue, usually through certain medical procedures. There is no evidence that CJD is contagious through casual contact with a CJD patient. Since CJD was first described in 1920, fewer than 1 percent of cases have been acquired CJD

Front 497

How is CJD spread from one to another?

Back 497

Prions have normal forms as well as infectious forms in CJD. When a person comes in contact with the infectious forms, their normal prions change into the infectious, abnormal, form.

Front 498

Huntington's Disease changes the acetylcholine to dopamine balance, making it seem as if there is too much_____ present in the brain. The imbalance causes _______ – the opposite of Parkinson’s or the pseudoparkinsonisms that come from blocking dopamine.

Back 498

dopamine; excessive movement;

Front 499

In acquired CJD,

Back 499

the disease is transmitted by exposure to brain or nervous system tissue, usually through certain medical procedures. There is no evidence that CJD is contagious through casual contact with a CJD patient. Since CJD was first described in 1920, fewer than 1 percent of cases have been acquired CJD

Front 500

The number of people developing the disease doubles every ________________. This form is called late onset.

Back 500

5 years after age 65

Front 501

There is no known cure or treatment for Huntington's Disease. The average course of the disease is _____. During that time the person’s _____ and _____ abilities progressively decline. Patients experience increasing levels of _____ ______ (______) as well as the development of _____.

Back 501

15 years; movement; intellectual; uncontrolled movement (chorea); dementia

Front 502

The Huntington’s gene causes parts of the _____ (involved with movement) to degenerate. As a consequence there is a reduction of several neurotransmitters, including _____ and _____.

Back 502

basal ganglia; acetylcholine; GABA;

Front 503

There is no known cure or treatment for Huntington's Disease. The average course of the disease is _____. During that time the person’s _____ and _____ abilities progressively decline. Patients experience increasing levels of _____ ______ (______) as well as the development of _____.

Back 503

15 years; movement; intellectual; uncontrolled movement (chorea); dementia

Front 504

The inherited type of CJD occurs by?

Back 504

there is a spontaneous mutation in the gene that controls prion formation. This mutation causes the infectious form of the prion to develop. The genetic defect can be inherited.

Front 505

A protein called a _____ is the causative agent in CJD.

Back 505

prion

Front 506

A protein called a _____ is the causative agent in CJD.

Back 506

prion

Front 507

Heredity is also a factor. The early onset form, _______ years of age, shows a pattern of ___________.

Back 507

30-60; family transmission

Front 508

Huntington's Disease changes the acetylcholine to dopamine balance, making it seem as if there is too much_____ present in the brain. The imbalance causes _______ – the opposite of Parkinson’s or the pseudoparkinsonisms that come from blocking dopamine.

Back 508

dopamine; excessive movement;

Front 509

Huntington's Disease changes the acetylcholine to dopamine balance, making it seem as if there is too much_____ present in the brain. The imbalance causes _______ – the opposite of Parkinson’s or the pseudoparkinsonisms that come from blocking dopamine.

Back 509

dopamine; excessive movement;

Front 510

The disease usually develops between age _____ & _____. This means that people have had children before realizing that they carry the gene.

Back 510

30 and 50

Front 511

There is no known cure or treatment for Huntington's Disease. The average course of the disease is _____. During that time the person’s _____ and _____ abilities progressively decline. Patients experience increasing levels of _____ ______ (______) as well as the development of _____.

Back 511

15 years; movement; intellectual; uncontrolled movement (chorea); dementia

Front 512

For Huntington's Disease, _____ or other _____ may be used to control movement and psychotic behavior. Nursing care is aimed at_____ _____ as long as possible and then preventing complications when the person becomes _____ _____ ______ ______.

Back 512

Haldol; antipsychotic drugs; maintaining independence; dependent on others for care

Front 513

For Huntington's Disease, _____ or other _____ may be used to control movement and psychotic behavior. Nursing care is aimed at_____ _____ as long as possible and then preventing complications when the person becomes _____ _____ ______ ______.

Back 513

Haldol; antipsychotic drugs; maintaining independence; dependent on others for care

Front 514

The Huntington’s gene causes parts of the _____ (involved with movement) to degenerate. As a consequence there is a reduction of several neurotransmitters, including _____ and _____.

Back 514

basal ganglia; acetylcholine; GABA;

Front 515

What is the action of a prion on the brain?

Back 515

The prion acts on the brain causing it to degenerate. In the early stages the patient shows progressive memory loss, visual impairment, and dysphagia. Within weeks a relentless progression of dementia sets in. Most patients die between 1-2 years after onset.

Front 516

Huntington's Disease changes the acetylcholine to dopamine balance, making it seem as if there is too much_____ present in the brain. The imbalance causes _______ – the opposite of Parkinson’s or the pseudoparkinsonisms that come from blocking dopamine.

Back 516

dopamine; excessive movement;

Front 517

There is no known cure or treatment for Huntington's Disease. The average course of the disease is _____. During that time the person’s _____ and _____ abilities progressively decline. Patients experience increasing levels of _____ ______ (______) as well as the development of _____.

Back 517

15 years; movement; intellectual; uncontrolled movement (chorea); dementia

Front 518

Finally _________ is a factor. ___________ interacts with early Alzheimer’s changes to multiply damage to the brain

Back 518

heart disease; Heart disease

Front 519

How is CJD spread from one to another?

Back 519

Prions have normal forms as well as infectious forms in CJD. When a person comes in contact with the infectious forms, their normal prions change into the infectious, abnormal, form.

Front 520

How is CJD spread from one to another?

Back 520

Prions have normal forms as well as infectious forms in CJD. When a person comes in contact with the infectious forms, their normal prions change into the infectious, abnormal, form.

Front 521

For Huntington's Disease, _____ or other _____ may be used to control movement and psychotic behavior. Nursing care is aimed at_____ _____ as long as possible and then preventing complications when the person becomes _____ _____ ______ ______.

Back 521

Haldol; antipsychotic drugs; maintaining independence; dependent on others for care

Front 522

There is no known cure or treatment for Huntington's Disease. The average course of the disease is _____. During that time the person’s _____ and _____ abilities progressively decline. Patients experience increasing levels of _____ ______ (______) as well as the development of _____.

Back 522

15 years; movement; intellectual; uncontrolled movement (chorea); dementia

Front 523

Huntington's Disease presents patients and their families with several difficult decisions. Explain.

Back 523

1) The patient will eventually become totally dependent. 2) Decisions about what measures should be taken to maintain life need to be made. 3) It is advisable to have advanced directives and a durable power of attorney in force. 4) Also children must make decisions about their own child bearing as well as whether or not they want to be tested for the disease. 5) Counseling before genetic testing is required as the impact of knowing you have inherited a deadly disease is substantial.

Front 524

Huntington's Disease presents patients and their families with several difficult decisions. Explain.

Back 524

1) The patient will eventually become totally dependent. 2) Decisions about what measures should be taken to maintain life need to be made. 3) It is advisable to have advanced directives and a durable power of attorney in force. 4) Also children must make decisions about their own child bearing as well as whether or not they want to be tested for the disease. 5) Counseling before genetic testing is required as the impact of knowing you have inherited a deadly disease is substantial.

Front 525

Nursing care is aimed toward

Back 525

supportive care. No tissue donations may be used from these patients.

Front 526

Huntington's Disease changes the acetylcholine to dopamine balance, making it seem as if there is too much_____ present in the brain. The imbalance causes _______ – the opposite of Parkinson’s or the pseudoparkinsonisms that come from blocking dopamine.

Back 526

dopamine; excessive movement;

Front 527

While the exact cause is not known, the mechanism of destruction is increasingly clear. The brain experiences destruction in which neurofibrillary ______ & ______ develop.

Back 527

tangles and plaques

Front 528

For Huntington's Disease, _____ or other _____ may be used to control movement and psychotic behavior. Nursing care is aimed at_____ _____ as long as possible and then preventing complications when the person becomes _____ _____ ______ ______.

Back 528

Haldol; antipsychotic drugs; maintaining independence; dependent on others for care

Front 529

The inherited type of CJD occurs by?

Back 529

there is a spontaneous mutation in the gene that controls prion formation. This mutation causes the infectious form of the prion to develop. The genetic defect can be inherited.

Front 530

The inherited type of CJD occurs by?

Back 530

there is a spontaneous mutation in the gene that controls prion formation. This mutation causes the infectious form of the prion to develop. The genetic defect can be inherited.

Front 531

Huntington's Disease presents patients and their families with several difficult decisions. Explain.

Back 531

1) The patient will eventually become totally dependent. 2) Decisions about what measures should be taken to maintain life need to be made. 3) It is advisable to have advanced directives and a durable power of attorney in force. 4) Also children must make decisions about their own child bearing as well as whether or not they want to be tested for the disease. 5) Counseling before genetic testing is required as the impact of knowing you have inherited a deadly disease is substantial.

Front 532

For Huntington's Disease, _____ or other _____ may be used to control movement and psychotic behavior. Nursing care is aimed at_____ _____ as long as possible and then preventing complications when the person becomes _____ _____ ______ ______.

Back 532

Haldol; antipsychotic drugs; maintaining independence; dependent on others for care

Front 533

What are the ethical issues with regards to Huntington's Disease:

Back 533

who should you tell? Family? Doctor? Insurance company?

Front 534

What are the ethical issues with regards to Huntington's Disease:

Back 534

who should you tell? Family? Doctor? Insurance company?

Front 535

Compare Pick’s Disease to Alzheimers.

Back 535

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called “Pick’s bodies” are found and the neurons “balloon” in appearance. This is significantly different than the plaques and tangles found in Alzheimer’s. Also the changes of Picks are located in the frontal and anterior temporal lobes of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 536

What is the action of a prion on the brain?

Back 536

The prion acts on the brain causing it to degenerate. In the early stages the patient shows progressive memory loss, visual impairment, and dysphagia. Within weeks a relentless progression of dementia sets in. Most patients die between 1-2 years after onset.

Front 537

The cardinal symptoms of Alzheimer’s are:

Back 537

Aphasia: loss of language ability ; Apraxia: loss of purposeful movement in the absence of motor or sensory impairment.; Agnosia: loss of sensory ability to recognize objects; Memory (Mnemonic)impairment: gradual loss of both recent and remote memory; Disturbances in executive functioning: difficulty with planning, organizing, abstract thinking.

Front 538

There is no known cure or treatment for Huntington's Disease. The average course of the disease is _____. During that time the person’s _____ and _____ abilities progressively decline. Patients experience increasing levels of _____ ______ (______) as well as the development of _____.

Back 538

15 years; movement; intellectual; uncontrolled movement (chorea); dementia

Front 539

What is the action of a prion on the brain?

Back 539

The prion acts on the brain causing it to degenerate. In the early stages the patient shows progressive memory loss, visual impairment, and dysphagia. Within weeks a relentless progression of dementia sets in. Most patients die between 1-2 years after onset.

Front 540

Huntington's Disease presents patients and their families with several difficult decisions. Explain.

Back 540

1) The patient will eventually become totally dependent. 2) Decisions about what measures should be taken to maintain life need to be made. 3) It is advisable to have advanced directives and a durable power of attorney in force. 4) Also children must make decisions about their own child bearing as well as whether or not they want to be tested for the disease. 5) Counseling before genetic testing is required as the impact of knowing you have inherited a deadly disease is substantial.

Front 541

What are the ethical issues with regards to Huntington's Disease:

Back 541

who should you tell? Family? Doctor? Insurance company?

Front 542

Creutzfelt-Jakob Disease is an unique disease in that it can arise from three separate mechanisms:

Back 542

sporadic CJD; hereditary CJD; acquired CJD

Front 543

Creutzfelt-Jakob Disease is an unique disease in that it can arise from three separate mechanisms:

Back 543

sporadic CJD; hereditary CJD; acquired CJD

Front 544

Huntington's Disease presents patients and their families with several difficult decisions. Explain.

Back 544

1) The patient will eventually become totally dependent. 2) Decisions about what measures should be taken to maintain life need to be made. 3) It is advisable to have advanced directives and a durable power of attorney in force. 4) Also children must make decisions about their own child bearing as well as whether or not they want to be tested for the disease. 5) Counseling before genetic testing is required as the impact of knowing you have inherited a deadly disease is substantial.

Front 545

Nursing care is aimed toward

Back 545

supportive care. No tissue donations may be used from these patients.

Front 546

For Huntington's Disease, _____ or other _____ may be used to control movement and psychotic behavior. Nursing care is aimed at_____ _____ as long as possible and then preventing complications when the person becomes _____ _____ ______ ______.

Back 546

Haldol; antipsychotic drugs; maintaining independence; dependent on others for care

Front 547

Nursing care is aimed toward

Back 547

supportive care. No tissue donations may be used from these patients.

Front 548

In addition other symptoms of Alzheimer's are common:

Back 548

Confabulation: making up stories to cover gaps in the memory; Perseveration: repetition of phrases or behaviors; Agraphia: inability to read or write; Hyperorality: the need to put everything in one’s mouth; Hypermetamorphosis: touching everything; Avoiding answering questions: a way to maintain self-esteem…client “covers up” inability to answer.

Front 549

Pick’s disease is a rare disease first described in

Back 549

1892

Front 550

What are the ethical issues with regards to Huntington's Disease:

Back 550

who should you tell? Family? Doctor? Insurance company?

Front 551

Creutzfelt-Jakob Disease is an unique disease in that it can arise from three separate mechanisms:

Back 551

sporadic CJD; hereditary CJD; acquired CJD

Front 552

Huntington's Disease presents patients and their families with several difficult decisions. Explain.

Back 552

1) The patient will eventually become totally dependent. 2) Decisions about what measures should be taken to maintain life need to be made. 3) It is advisable to have advanced directives and a durable power of attorney in force. 4) Also children must make decisions about their own child bearing as well as whether or not they want to be tested for the disease. 5) Counseling before genetic testing is required as the impact of knowing you have inherited a deadly disease is substantial.

Front 553

In sporadic CJD,

Back 553

the disease appears even though the person has no known risk factors for the disease. This is by far the most common type of CJD and accounts for at least 85 percent of cases.

Front 554

Stages of Alzheimer’s

Back 554

Mild: Forgetfulness ; Moderate: Confusion ; Moderate to Severe: Ambulatory dementia ; Late: End stage

Front 555

Creutzfelt-Jakob Disease is an unique disease in that it can arise from three separate mechanisms:

Back 555

sporadic CJD; hereditary CJD; acquired CJD

Front 556

While it has been mistaken for ___________, the changes and symptoms are actually very different.

Back 556

Alzheimer’s disease;

Front 557

Compare Pick’s Disease to Alzheimers.

Back 557

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called “Pick’s bodies” are found and the neurons “balloon” in appearance. This is significantly different than the plaques and tangles found in Alzheimer’s. Also the changes of Picks are located in the frontal and anterior temporal lobes of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 558

Compare Pick’s Disease to Alzheimers.

Back 558

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called “Pick’s bodies” are found and the neurons “balloon” in appearance. This is significantly different than the plaques and tangles found in Alzheimer’s. Also the changes of Picks are located in the frontal and anterior temporal lobes of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 559

In sporadic CJD,

Back 559

the disease appears even though the person has no known risk factors for the disease. This is by far the most common type of CJD and accounts for at least 85 percent of cases.

Front 560

What are the ethical issues with regards to Huntington's Disease:

Back 560

who should you tell? Family? Doctor? Insurance company?

Front 561

In sporadic CJD,

Back 561

the disease appears even though the person has no known risk factors for the disease. This is by far the most common type of CJD and accounts for at least 85 percent of cases.

Front 562

Creutzfelt-Jakob Disease is an unique disease in that it can arise from three separate mechanisms:

Back 562

sporadic CJD; hereditary CJD; acquired CJD

Front 563

Within the Mild stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 563

1. Losses in short-term memory; 2. Loses things by putting them in odd places; 3. Uses memory aids; 4. Denial of problems common

Front 564

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called _________ are found and the neurons __________ in appearance. This is significantly different than the ________&________ found in Alzheimer’s.

Back 564

“Pick’s bodies”; “balloon”; plaques and tangles

Front 565

In sporadic CJD,

Back 565

the disease appears even though the person has no known risk factors for the disease. This is by far the most common type of CJD and accounts for at least 85 percent of cases.

Front 566

What are the ethical issues with regards to Huntington's Disease:

Back 566

who should you tell? Family? Doctor? Insurance company?

Front 567

Pick’s disease is a rare disease first described in

Back 567

1892

Front 568

In hereditary CJD,

Back 568

the person has a family history of the disease and/or tests positive for a genetic mutation associated with CJD. About 5 to 10 percent of cases of CJD in the United States are hereditary.

Front 569

Pick’s disease is a rare disease first described in

Back 569

1892

Front 570

In hereditary CJD,

Back 570

the person has a family history of the disease and/or tests positive for a genetic mutation associated with CJD. About 5 to 10 percent of cases of CJD in the United States are hereditary.

Front 571

In hereditary CJD,

Back 571

the person has a family history of the disease and/or tests positive for a genetic mutation associated with CJD. About 5 to 10 percent of cases of CJD in the United States are hereditary.

Front 572

The changes of Picks are located in the ________ & __________ of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast______________.

Back 572

frontal and anterior temporal lobes; is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 573

In hereditary CJD,

Back 573

the person has a family history of the disease and/or tests positive for a genetic mutation associated with CJD. About 5 to 10 percent of cases of CJD in the United States are hereditary.

Front 574

In acquired CJD,

Back 574

the disease is transmitted by exposure to brain or nervous system tissue, usually through certain medical procedures. There is no evidence that CJD is contagious through casual contact with a CJD patient. Since CJD was first described in 1920, fewer than 1 percent of cases have been acquired CJD

Front 575

In sporadic CJD,

Back 575

the disease appears even though the person has no known risk factors for the disease. This is by far the most common type of CJD and accounts for at least 85 percent of cases.

Front 576

Creutzfelt-Jakob Disease is an unique disease in that it can arise from three separate mechanisms:

Back 576

sporadic CJD; hereditary CJD; acquired CJD

Front 577

In acquired CJD,

Back 577

the disease is transmitted by exposure to brain or nervous system tissue, usually through certain medical procedures. There is no evidence that CJD is contagious through casual contact with a CJD patient. Since CJD was first described in 1920, fewer than 1 percent of cases have been acquired CJD

Front 578

Within the Moderate stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 578

1. Memory losses apparent – may forget address &/or date; 2. ADL’s suffer; 3. Problems managing money, legal affairs; 4. Mood labile; 5. Withdraw from activities; 6. Needs day care or in-home assistance

Front 579

While it has been mistaken for ___________, the changes and symptoms are actually very different.

Back 579

Alzheimer’s disease;

Front 580

While it has been mistaken for ___________, the changes and symptoms are actually very different.

Back 580

Alzheimer’s disease;

Front 581

In acquired CJD,

Back 581

the disease is transmitted by exposure to brain or nervous system tissue, usually through certain medical procedures. There is no evidence that CJD is contagious through casual contact with a CJD patient. Since CJD was first described in 1920, fewer than 1 percent of cases have been acquired CJD

Front 582

In acquired CJD,

Back 582

the disease is transmitted by exposure to brain or nervous system tissue, usually through certain medical procedures. There is no evidence that CJD is contagious through casual contact with a CJD patient. Since CJD was first described in 1920, fewer than 1 percent of cases have been acquired CJD

Front 583

Personality changes can take the form of ______, _____, and ______.

Back 583

apathy; disregard for social norms; loss of functionality

Front 584

A protein called a _____ is the causative agent in CJD.

Back 584

prion

Front 585

In hereditary CJD,

Back 585

the person has a family history of the disease and/or tests positive for a genetic mutation associated with CJD. About 5 to 10 percent of cases of CJD in the United States are hereditary.

Front 586

In sporadic CJD,

Back 586

the disease appears even though the person has no known risk factors for the disease. This is by far the most common type of CJD and accounts for at least 85 percent of cases.

Front 587

Within the Moderate to Severe stages of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 587

1. Doesn’t recognize family or objects (agnosia); 2. Forgets how to do activities such as walking, eating (apraxia).; 3. Loses control of bowel and bladder; 4. Wandering; 5. Needs total assistance for all activities of daily living; 6. May need placement in skilled care facility.

Front 588

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called _________ are found and the neurons __________ in appearance. This is significantly different than the ________&________ found in Alzheimer’s.

Back 588

“Pick’s bodies”; “balloon”; plaques and tangles

Front 589

A protein called a _____ is the causative agent in CJD.

Back 589

prion

Front 590

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called _________ are found and the neurons __________ in appearance. This is significantly different than the ________&________ found in Alzheimer’s.

Back 590

“Pick’s bodies”; “balloon”; plaques and tangles

Front 591

A protein called a _____ is the causative agent in CJD.

Back 591

prion

Front 592

A protein called a _____ is the causative agent in CJD.

Back 592

prion

Front 593

How is CJD spread from one to another?

Back 593

Prions have normal forms as well as infectious forms in CJD. When a person comes in contact with the infectious forms, their normal prions change into the infectious, abnormal, form.

Front 594

As the disease progresses_____ becomes difficult. Eventually the person becomes _____.

Back 594

language; mute

Front 595

The changes of Picks are located in the ________ & __________ of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast______________.

Back 595

frontal and anterior temporal lobes; is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 596

In acquired CJD,

Back 596

the disease is transmitted by exposure to brain or nervous system tissue, usually through certain medical procedures. There is no evidence that CJD is contagious through casual contact with a CJD patient. Since CJD was first described in 1920, fewer than 1 percent of cases have been acquired CJD

Front 597

The changes of Picks are located in the ________ & __________ of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast______________.

Back 597

frontal and anterior temporal lobes; is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 598

In hereditary CJD,

Back 598

the person has a family history of the disease and/or tests positive for a genetic mutation associated with CJD. About 5 to 10 percent of cases of CJD in the United States are hereditary.

Front 599

Within the Late stages of alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 599

1. Exhibits hypermetamorphosis & hyperorality; 2. Does not recognize self anymore ; 3. Forgets how to eat; 4. Loses ability to talk & walk; 5. Prone to complications of immobility; 6. Needs complete care

Front 600

How is CJD spread from one to another?

Back 600

Prions have normal forms as well as infectious forms in CJD. When a person comes in contact with the infectious forms, their normal prions change into the infectious, abnormal, form.

Front 601

How is CJD spread from one to another?

Back 601

Prions have normal forms as well as infectious forms in CJD. When a person comes in contact with the infectious forms, their normal prions change into the infectious, abnormal, form.

Front 602

The inherited type of CJD occurs by?

Back 602

there is a spontaneous mutation in the gene that controls prion formation. This mutation causes the infectious form of the prion to develop. The genetic defect can be inherited.

Front 603

The average course of the disease is _____. The physical management is similar to Alzheimer’s disease.

Back 603

five years

Front 604

How is CJD spread from one to another?

Back 604

Prions have normal forms as well as infectious forms in CJD. When a person comes in contact with the infectious forms, their normal prions change into the infectious, abnormal, form.

Front 605

A protein called a _____ is the causative agent in CJD.

Back 605

prion

Front 606

Personality changes can take the form of ______, _____, and ______.

Back 606

apathy; disregard for social norms; loss of functionality

Front 607

Personality changes can take the form of ______, _____, and ______.

Back 607

apathy; disregard for social norms; loss of functionality

Front 608

In acquired CJD,

Back 608

the disease is transmitted by exposure to brain or nervous system tissue, usually through certain medical procedures. There is no evidence that CJD is contagious through casual contact with a CJD patient. Since CJD was first described in 1920, fewer than 1 percent of cases have been acquired CJD

Front 609

The inherited type of CJD occurs by?

Back 609

there is a spontaneous mutation in the gene that controls prion formation. This mutation causes the infectious form of the prion to develop. The genetic defect can be inherited.

Front 610

The average time from diagnosis to death is ______, although some people may live up to.

Back 610

10 years; 20 years

Front 611

The inherited type of CJD occurs by?

Back 611

there is a spontaneous mutation in the gene that controls prion formation. This mutation causes the infectious form of the prion to develop. The genetic defect can be inherited.

Front 612

As the disease progresses_____ becomes difficult. Eventually the person becomes _____.

Back 612

language; mute

Front 613

What is the action of a prion on the brain?

Back 613

The prion acts on the brain causing it to degenerate. In the early stages the patient shows progressive memory loss, visual impairment, and dysphagia. Within weeks a relentless progression of dementia sets in. Most patients die between 1-2 years after onset.

Front 614

Nursing Care: see pages 388-390 in text for a list of interventions

Front 615

Lewy Body Disease

Back 615

Friederich H. Lewy discovered abnormal protein deposits that disrupt the brain's normal functioning.

Front 616

What is the action of a prion on the brain?

Back 616

The prion acts on the brain causing it to degenerate. In the early stages the patient shows progressive memory loss, visual impairment, and dysphagia. Within weeks a relentless progression of dementia sets in. Most patients die between 1-2 years after onset.

Front 617

A protein called a _____ is the causative agent in CJD.

Back 617

prion

Front 618

As the disease progresses_____ becomes difficult. Eventually the person becomes _____.

Back 618

language; mute

Front 619

The inherited type of CJD occurs by?

Back 619

there is a spontaneous mutation in the gene that controls prion formation. This mutation causes the infectious form of the prion to develop. The genetic defect can be inherited.

Front 620

How is CJD spread from one to another?

Back 620

Prions have normal forms as well as infectious forms in CJD. When a person comes in contact with the infectious forms, their normal prions change into the infectious, abnormal, form.

Front 621

What is the action of a prion on the brain?

Back 621

The prion acts on the brain causing it to degenerate. In the early stages the patient shows progressive memory loss, visual impairment, and dysphagia. Within weeks a relentless progression of dementia sets in. Most patients die between 1-2 years after onset.

Front 622

Nursing care is aimed toward

Back 622

supportive care. No tissue donations may be used from these patients.

Front 623

The average course of the disease is _____. The physical management is similar to Alzheimer’s disease.

Back 623

five years

Front 624

The inherited type of CJD occurs by?

Back 624

there is a spontaneous mutation in the gene that controls prion formation. This mutation causes the infectious form of the prion to develop. The genetic defect can be inherited.

Front 625

What is the action of a prion on the brain?

Back 625

The prion acts on the brain causing it to degenerate. In the early stages the patient shows progressive memory loss, visual impairment, and dysphagia. Within weeks a relentless progression of dementia sets in. Most patients die between 1-2 years after onset.

Front 626

In Alzheimer's _____ and _____ are two common nursing diagnoses used to plan care of clients with dementia. In addition two other nursing diagnoses are useful for the care of these clients and their families: _____ and_____.

Back 626

Risk for Injury; Chronic Confusion; Self-care deficit syndrome; Caregiver role strain

Front 627

How is CJD spread from one to another?

Back 627

Prions have normal forms as well as infectious forms in CJD. When a person comes in contact with the infectious forms, their normal prions change into the infectious, abnormal, form.

Front 628

The average course of the disease is _____. The physical management is similar to Alzheimer’s disease.

Back 628

five years

Front 629

Lewy body protein deposits can be found_________ where they deplete ______ causing Parkinsonian type movement problems.

Back 629

in the brain stem ; dopamine ;

Front 630

Nursing care is aimed toward

Back 630

supportive care. No tissue donations may be used from these patients.

Front 631

Compare Pick’s Disease to Alzheimers.

Back 631

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called “Pick’s bodies” are found and the neurons “balloon” in appearance. This is significantly different than the plaques and tangles found in Alzheimer’s. Also the changes of Picks are located in the frontal and anterior temporal lobes of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 632

Lewy body deposits are also found throughout the brain where they cause __________. This in turn causes cognitive changes similar to Alzheimer’s Disease.

Back 632

a depletion of acetylcholine;

Front 633

Nursing care is aimed toward

Back 633

supportive care. No tissue donations may be used from these patients.

Front 634

The inherited type of CJD occurs by?

Back 634

there is a spontaneous mutation in the gene that controls prion formation. This mutation causes the infectious form of the prion to develop. The genetic defect can be inherited.

Front 635

Lewy Body Disease

Back 635

Friederich H. Lewy discovered abnormal protein deposits that disrupt the brain's normal functioning.

Front 636

The goals and interventions are similar to those for_____ except that the ______ needs to be considered.

Back 636

delirium; home environment

Front 637

Lewy Body Disease

Back 637

Friederich H. Lewy discovered abnormal protein deposits that disrupt the brain's normal functioning.

Front 638

What is the action of a prion on the brain?

Back 638

The prion acts on the brain causing it to degenerate. In the early stages the patient shows progressive memory loss, visual impairment, and dysphagia. Within weeks a relentless progression of dementia sets in. Most patients die between 1-2 years after onset.

Front 639

Compare Pick’s Disease to Alzheimers.

Back 639

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called “Pick’s bodies” are found and the neurons “balloon” in appearance. This is significantly different than the plaques and tangles found in Alzheimer’s. Also the changes of Picks are located in the frontal and anterior temporal lobes of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 640

Nursing care is aimed toward

Back 640

supportive care. No tissue donations may be used from these patients.

Front 641

Pick’s disease is a rare disease first described in

Back 641

1892

Front 642

Compare Pick’s Disease to Alzheimers.

Back 642

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called “Pick’s bodies” are found and the neurons “balloon” in appearance. This is significantly different than the plaques and tangles found in Alzheimer’s. Also the changes of Picks are located in the frontal and anterior temporal lobes of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 643

The client with dementia of any type requires extensive care. The care giver needs to be _____,_____, and_____ to handle the complex needs of these clients and their families.

Back 643

creative; patient; mature

Front 644

Pick’s disease is a rare disease first described in

Back 644

1892

Front 645

What is the action of a prion on the brain?

Back 645

The prion acts on the brain causing it to degenerate. In the early stages the patient shows progressive memory loss, visual impairment, and dysphagia. Within weeks a relentless progression of dementia sets in. Most patients die between 1-2 years after onset.

Front 646

Lewy body protein deposits can be found_________ where they deplete ______ causing Parkinsonian type movement problems.

Back 646

in the brain stem ; dopamine ;

Front 647

Nursing care is aimed toward

Back 647

supportive care. No tissue donations may be used from these patients.

Front 648

The average life span of someone with Lewy Body Disease, from the time of diagnosis, is_____ years. There is no definitive drug treatment, and patients will need daily care for their self-care deficits.

Back 648

5-7

Front 649

Compare Pick’s Disease to Alzheimers.

Back 649

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called “Pick’s bodies” are found and the neurons “balloon” in appearance. This is significantly different than the plaques and tangles found in Alzheimer’s. Also the changes of Picks are located in the frontal and anterior temporal lobes of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 650

Lewy body protein deposits can be found_________ where they deplete ______ causing Parkinsonian type movement problems.

Back 650

in the brain stem ; dopamine ;

Front 651

Lewy body deposits are also found throughout the brain where they cause __________. This in turn causes cognitive changes similar to Alzheimer’s Disease.

Back 651

a depletion of acetylcholine;

Front 652

While it has been mistaken for ___________, the changes and symptoms are actually very different.

Back 652

Alzheimer’s disease;

Front 653

Lewy body deposits are also found throughout the brain where they cause __________. This in turn causes cognitive changes similar to Alzheimer’s Disease.

Back 653

a depletion of acetylcholine;

Front 654

Pick’s disease is a rare disease first described in

Back 654

1892

Front 655

While it has been mistaken for ___________, the changes and symptoms are actually very different.

Back 655

Alzheimer’s disease;

Front 656

Nursing care is aimed toward

Back 656

supportive care. No tissue donations may be used from these patients.

Front 657

Compare Pick’s Disease to Alzheimers.

Back 657

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called “Pick’s bodies” are found and the neurons “balloon” in appearance. This is significantly different than the plaques and tangles found in Alzheimer’s. Also the changes of Picks are located in the frontal and anterior temporal lobes of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 658

Self-care deficit syndrome related to __________ secondary to Alzheimer’s disease as evidenced by __________.

Back 658

cognitive and coordination deficits; incontinence, unable to dress/feed/bathe self

Front 659

Pick’s disease is a rare disease first described in

Back 659

1892

Front 660

The causes of Alzheimer ’s disease are not known. _______ is a risk factor. The risk of developing Alzheimer’s increases as…...

Back 660

Age ; age advances

Front 661

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called _________ are found and the neurons __________ in appearance. This is significantly different than the ________&________ found in Alzheimer’s.

Back 661

“Pick’s bodies”; “balloon”; plaques and tangles

Front 662

The average life span of someone with Lewy Body Disease, from the time of diagnosis, is_____ years. There is no definitive drug treatment, and patients will need daily care for their self-care deficits.

Back 662

5-7

Front 663

Pick’s disease is a rare disease first described in

Back 663

1892

Front 664

The average life span of someone with Lewy Body Disease, from the time of diagnosis, is_____ years. There is no definitive drug treatment, and patients will need daily care for their self-care deficits.

Back 664

5-7

Front 665

While it has been mistaken for ___________, the changes and symptoms are actually very different.

Back 665

Alzheimer’s disease;

Front 666

The number of people developing the disease doubles every ________________. This form is called late onset.

Back 666

5 years after age 65

Front 667

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called _________ are found and the neurons __________ in appearance. This is significantly different than the ________&________ found in Alzheimer’s.

Back 667

“Pick’s bodies”; “balloon”; plaques and tangles

Front 668

Compare Pick’s Disease to Alzheimers.

Back 668

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called “Pick’s bodies” are found and the neurons “balloon” in appearance. This is significantly different than the plaques and tangles found in Alzheimer’s. Also the changes of Picks are located in the frontal and anterior temporal lobes of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 669

While it has been mistaken for ___________, the changes and symptoms are actually very different.

Back 669

Alzheimer’s disease;

Front 670

Outcome criteria for Alzheimer's:

Back 670

1. The client will have hygiene, nutrition, dressing, and toileting needs met with the assistance of caregivers.; 2. The client will not experience any complications related to their activities of daily living.

Front 671

Interventions for Alzheimer's patients:

Back 671

1. Always have the client perform as many tasks as they are functionally able; 2. Use clothing with elastic and Velco fasteners.; 3. Give step-by step directions; 4. Weigh weekly to monitor weight; 5. Adapt mealtimes to function of client i.e., finger foods if client wanders from table, feed client if necessary.; 6. Make sure client does not eat non-food items; 7. Maintain regular bowel and bladder routine to prevent incontinence.

Front 672

The causes of Alzheimer ’s disease are not known. _______ is a risk factor. The risk of developing Alzheimer’s increases as…...

Back 672

Age ; age advances

Front 673

Pick’s disease is a rare disease first described in

Back 673

1892

Front 674

Heredity is also a factor. The early onset form, _______ years of age, shows a pattern of ___________.

Back 674

30-60; family transmission

Front 675

The causes of Alzheimer ’s disease are not known. _______ is a risk factor. The risk of developing Alzheimer’s increases as…...

Back 675

Age ; age advances

Front 676

The changes of Picks are located in the ________ & __________ of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast______________.

Back 676

frontal and anterior temporal lobes; is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 677

While it has been mistaken for ___________, the changes and symptoms are actually very different.

Back 677

Alzheimer’s disease;

Front 678

The changes of Picks are located in the ________ & __________ of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast______________.

Back 678

frontal and anterior temporal lobes; is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 679

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called _________ are found and the neurons __________ in appearance. This is significantly different than the ________&________ found in Alzheimer’s.

Back 679

“Pick’s bodies”; “balloon”; plaques and tangles

Front 680

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called _________ are found and the neurons __________ in appearance. This is significantly different than the ________&________ found in Alzheimer’s.

Back 680

“Pick’s bodies”; “balloon”; plaques and tangles

Front 681

While it has been mistaken for ___________, the changes and symptoms are actually very different.

Back 681

Alzheimer’s disease;

Front 682

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called _________ are found and the neurons __________ in appearance. This is significantly different than the ________&________ found in Alzheimer’s.

Back 682

“Pick’s bodies”; “balloon”; plaques and tangles

Front 683

The changes of Picks are located in the ________ & __________ of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast______________.

Back 683

frontal and anterior temporal lobes; is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 684

The number of people developing the disease doubles every ________________. This form is called late onset.

Back 684

5 years after age 65

Front 685

The changes of Picks are located in the ________ & __________ of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast______________.

Back 685

frontal and anterior temporal lobes; is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 686

Outcome criteria for dementia:

Back 686

The caregiver will report a plan to decrease his/her burden by sharing frustrations, identifying sources of support, modifying schedule to improve daily life.

Front 687

The number of people developing the disease doubles every ________________. This form is called late onset.

Back 687

5 years after age 65

Front 688

Personality changes can take the form of ______, _____, and ______.

Back 688

apathy; disregard for social norms; loss of functionality

Front 689

Finally _________ is a factor. ___________ interacts with early Alzheimer’s changes to multiply damage to the brain

Back 689

heart disease; Heart disease

Front 690

Personality changes can take the form of ______, _____, and ______.

Back 690

apathy; disregard for social norms; loss of functionality

Front 691

While the exact cause is not known, the mechanism of destruction is increasingly clear. The brain experiences destruction in which neurofibrillary ______ & ______ develop.

Back 691

tangles and plaques

Front 692

As the disease progresses_____ becomes difficult. Eventually the person becomes _____.

Back 692

language; mute

Front 693

In Pick’s disease microscopic structures called _________ are found and the neurons __________ in appearance. This is significantly different than the ________&________ found in Alzheimer’s.

Back 693

“Pick’s bodies”; “balloon”; plaques and tangles

Front 694

As the disease progresses_____ becomes difficult. Eventually the person becomes _____.

Back 694

language; mute

Front 695

Heredity is also a factor. The early onset form, _______ years of age, shows a pattern of ___________.

Back 695

30-60; family transmission

Front 696

Interventions for patients withDementia:

Back 696

1. Educate caregiver about disease process; 2. Teach ways to simplify care; 3. Assess caregiver’s emotional and physical health; 4. Provide “sounding board” for caregiver concerns; 5. Provide community resources for home assistance; 6. Help caregiver problem solve day to day issues.; 7. Help caregiver develop plan for self-care and using social support system.

Front 697

Personality changes can take the form of ______, _____, and ______.

Back 697

apathy; disregard for social norms; loss of functionality

Front 698

Heredity is also a factor. The early onset form, _______ years of age, shows a pattern of ___________.

Back 698

30-60; family transmission

Front 699

Personality changes can take the form of ______, _____, and ______.

Back 699

apathy; disregard for social norms; loss of functionality

Front 700

The changes of Picks are located in the ________ & __________ of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast______________.

Back 700

frontal and anterior temporal lobes; is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 701

The average course of the disease is _____. The physical management is similar to Alzheimer’s disease.

Back 701

five years

Front 702

The cardinal symptoms of Alzheimer’s are:

Back 702

Aphasia: loss of language ability ; Apraxia: loss of purposeful movement in the absence of motor or sensory impairment.; Agnosia: loss of sensory ability to recognize objects; Memory (Mnemonic)impairment: gradual loss of both recent and remote memory; Disturbances in executive functioning: difficulty with planning, organizing, abstract thinking.

Front 703

Personality changes can take the form of ______, _____, and ______.

Back 703

apathy; disregard for social norms; loss of functionality

Front 704

The changes of Picks are located in the ________ & __________ of the brain. Alzheimer’s by contrast______________.

Back 704

frontal and anterior temporal lobes; is more global in its brain destruction.

Front 705

Finally _________ is a factor. ___________ interacts with early Alzheimer’s changes to multiply damage to the brain

Back 705

heart disease; Heart disease

Front 706

Finally _________ is a factor. ___________ interacts with early Alzheimer’s changes to multiply damage to the brain

Back 706

heart disease; Heart disease

Front 707

The average course of the disease is _____. The physical management is similar to Alzheimer’s disease.

Back 707

five years

Front 708

This issues involved in supporting a family caring for someone with dementia are quite complex (page 391, text). To assist you in developing more teaching resources, visit the following sites and evaluate their resources.

Front 709

As the disease progresses_____ becomes difficult. Eventually the person becomes _____.

Back 709

language; mute

Front 710

As the disease progresses_____ becomes difficult. Eventually the person becomes _____.

Back 710

language; mute

Front 711

Lewy Body Disease

Back 711

Friederich H. Lewy discovered abnormal protein deposits that disrupt the brain's normal functioning.

Front 712

As the disease progresses_____ becomes difficult. Eventually the person becomes _____.

Back 712

language; mute

Front 713

Personality changes can take the form of ______, _____, and ______.

Back 713

apathy; disregard for social norms; loss of functionality

Front 714

In addition other symptoms of Alzheimer's are common:

Back 714

Confabulation: making up stories to cover gaps in the memory; Perseveration: repetition of phrases or behaviors; Agraphia: inability to read or write; Hyperorality: the need to put everything in one’s mouth; Hypermetamorphosis: touching everything; Avoiding answering questions: a way to maintain self-esteem…client “covers up” inability to answer.

Front 715

The average course of the disease is _____. The physical management is similar to Alzheimer’s disease.

Back 715

five years

Front 716

Lewy Body Disease

Back 716

Friederich H. Lewy discovered abnormal protein deposits that disrupt the brain's normal functioning.

Front 717

Three of the current drugs available _____, _____, & _____, are classified as ______________.

Back 717

(Aricept, Exelon, and Razadyne); Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Front 718

While the exact cause is not known, the mechanism of destruction is increasingly clear. The brain experiences destruction in which neurofibrillary ______ & ______ develop.

Back 718

tangles and plaques

Front 719

The average course of the disease is _____. The physical management is similar to Alzheimer’s disease.

Back 719

five years

Front 720

While the exact cause is not known, the mechanism of destruction is increasingly clear. The brain experiences destruction in which neurofibrillary ______ & ______ develop.

Back 720

tangles and plaques

Front 721

As the disease progresses_____ becomes difficult. Eventually the person becomes _____.

Back 721

language; mute

Front 722

The cardinal symptoms of Alzheimer’s are:

Back 722

Aphasia: loss of language ability ; Apraxia: loss of purposeful movement in the absence of motor or sensory impairment.; Agnosia: loss of sensory ability to recognize objects; Memory (Mnemonic)impairment: gradual loss of both recent and remote memory; Disturbances in executive functioning: difficulty with planning, organizing, abstract thinking.

Front 723

Lewy body protein deposits can be found_________ where they deplete ______ causing Parkinsonian type movement problems.

Back 723

in the brain stem ; dopamine ;

Front 724

Lewy Body Disease

Back 724

Friederich H. Lewy discovered abnormal protein deposits that disrupt the brain's normal functioning.

Front 725

Lewy Body Disease

Back 725

Friederich H. Lewy discovered abnormal protein deposits that disrupt the brain's normal functioning.

Front 726

Lewy body protein deposits can be found_________ where they deplete ______ causing Parkinsonian type movement problems.

Back 726

in the brain stem ; dopamine ;

Front 727

The average course of the disease is _____. The physical management is similar to Alzheimer’s disease.

Back 727

five years

Front 728

Stages of Alzheimer’s

Back 728

Mild: Forgetfulness ; Moderate: Confusion ; Moderate to Severe: Ambulatory dementia ; Late: End stage

Front 729

The cardinal symptoms of Alzheimer’s are:

Back 729

Aphasia: loss of language ability ; Apraxia: loss of purposeful movement in the absence of motor or sensory impairment.; Agnosia: loss of sensory ability to recognize objects; Memory (Mnemonic)impairment: gradual loss of both recent and remote memory; Disturbances in executive functioning: difficulty with planning, organizing, abstract thinking.

Front 730

Cholinesterase inhibitors work by?

Back 730

They work by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine – a neurotransmitter important for memory. This neurotransmitter is deficient in Alzheimer’s. By increasing its availability clients experience improvement in their cognition and behavior.

Front 731

Lewy body protein deposits can be found_________ where they deplete ______ causing Parkinsonian type movement problems.

Back 731

in the brain stem ; dopamine ;

Front 732

Lewy body deposits are also found throughout the brain where they cause __________. This in turn causes cognitive changes similar to Alzheimer’s Disease.

Back 732

a depletion of acetylcholine;

Front 733

Within the Mild stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 733

1. Losses in short-term memory; 2. Loses things by putting them in odd places; 3. Uses memory aids; 4. Denial of problems common

Front 734

Lewy body protein deposits can be found_________ where they deplete ______ causing Parkinsonian type movement problems.

Back 734

in the brain stem ; dopamine ;

Front 735

In addition other symptoms of Alzheimer's are common:

Back 735

Confabulation: making up stories to cover gaps in the memory; Perseveration: repetition of phrases or behaviors; Agraphia: inability to read or write; Hyperorality: the need to put everything in one’s mouth; Hypermetamorphosis: touching everything; Avoiding answering questions: a way to maintain self-esteem…client “covers up” inability to answer.

Front 736

These drugs are useful in the ________ stages of Alzheimer’s and delay worsening of symptoms by_________.

Back 736

early to moderate; 6-12 months

Front 737

Lewy body deposits are also found throughout the brain where they cause __________. This in turn causes cognitive changes similar to Alzheimer’s Disease.

Back 737

a depletion of acetylcholine;

Front 738

The average course of the disease is _____. The physical management is similar to Alzheimer’s disease.

Back 738

five years

Front 739

Lewy Body Disease

Back 739

Friederich H. Lewy discovered abnormal protein deposits that disrupt the brain's normal functioning.

Front 740

In addition other symptoms of Alzheimer's are common:

Back 740

Confabulation: making up stories to cover gaps in the memory; Perseveration: repetition of phrases or behaviors; Agraphia: inability to read or write; Hyperorality: the need to put everything in one’s mouth; Hypermetamorphosis: touching everything; Avoiding answering questions: a way to maintain self-esteem…client “covers up” inability to answer.

Front 741

Lewy body deposits are also found throughout the brain where they cause __________. This in turn causes cognitive changes similar to Alzheimer’s Disease.

Back 741

a depletion of acetylcholine;

Front 742

The average life span of someone with Lewy Body Disease, from the time of diagnosis, is_____ years. There is no definitive drug treatment, and patients will need daily care for their self-care deficits.

Back 742

5-7

Front 743

The fourth drug for Alzheimer's is?

Back 743

(Namenda)

Front 744

The average life span of someone with Lewy Body Disease, from the time of diagnosis, is_____ years. There is no definitive drug treatment, and patients will need daily care for their self-care deficits.

Back 744

5-7

Front 745

Lewy body deposits are also found throughout the brain where they cause __________. This in turn causes cognitive changes similar to Alzheimer’s Disease.

Back 745

a depletion of acetylcholine;

Front 746

Lewy Body Disease

Back 746

Friederich H. Lewy discovered abnormal protein deposits that disrupt the brain's normal functioning.

Front 747

Stages of Alzheimer’s

Back 747

Mild: Forgetfulness ; Moderate: Confusion ; Moderate to Severe: Ambulatory dementia ; Late: End stage

Front 748

Within the Moderate stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 748

1. Memory losses apparent – may forget address &/or date; 2. ADL’s suffer; 3. Problems managing money, legal affairs; 4. Mood labile; 5. Withdraw from activities; 6. Needs day care or in-home assistance

Front 749

Lewy body protein deposits can be found_________ where they deplete ______ causing Parkinsonian type movement problems.

Back 749

in the brain stem ; dopamine ;

Front 750

Stages of Alzheimer’s

Back 750

Mild: Forgetfulness ; Moderate: Confusion ; Moderate to Severe: Ambulatory dementia ; Late: End stage

Front 751

The average life span of someone with Lewy Body Disease, from the time of diagnosis, is_____ years. There is no definitive drug treatment, and patients will need daily care for their self-care deficits.

Back 751

5-7

Front 752

Namenda works by

Back 752

limiting the action of glutamate – a neurotransmitter that can be destructive to the brain.

Front 753

The causes of Alzheimer ’s disease are not known. _______ is a risk factor. The risk of developing Alzheimer’s increases as…...

Back 753

Age ; age advances

Front 754

The causes of Alzheimer ’s disease are not known. _______ is a risk factor. The risk of developing Alzheimer’s increases as…...

Back 754

Age ; age advances

Front 755

Lewy body protein deposits can be found_________ where they deplete ______ causing Parkinsonian type movement problems.

Back 755

in the brain stem ; dopamine ;

Front 756

Within the Mild stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 756

1. Losses in short-term memory; 2. Loses things by putting them in odd places; 3. Uses memory aids; 4. Denial of problems common

Front 757

The average life span of someone with Lewy Body Disease, from the time of diagnosis, is_____ years. There is no definitive drug treatment, and patients will need daily care for their self-care deficits.

Back 757

5-7

Front 758

Within the Mild stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 758

1. Losses in short-term memory; 2. Loses things by putting them in odd places; 3. Uses memory aids; 4. Denial of problems common

Front 759

Within the Moderate to Severe stages of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 759

1. Doesn’t recognize family or objects (agnosia); 2. Forgets how to do activities such as walking, eating (apraxia).; 3. Loses control of bowel and bladder; 4. Wandering; 5. Needs total assistance for all activities of daily living; 6. May need placement in skilled care facility.

Front 760

Lewy body deposits are also found throughout the brain where they cause __________. This in turn causes cognitive changes similar to Alzheimer’s Disease.

Back 760

a depletion of acetylcholine;

Front 761

The causes of Alzheimer ’s disease are not known. _______ is a risk factor. The risk of developing Alzheimer’s increases as…...

Back 761

Age ; age advances

Front 762

In Alzheimer’s there appears to be too much secretion of _____ in the brain, which over stimulates the neurons. Overstimulation leads to neuron death. Namenda protects the neurons from overstimulation thereby preserving neurons. It is approved for use in the ______ stages of Alzheimer’s and may be used in conjunction with a ________.

Back 762

glutamate; moderate to severe; Cholinesterase Inhibitor

Front 763

The average life span of someone with Lewy Body Disease, from the time of diagnosis, is_____ years. There is no definitive drug treatment, and patients will need daily care for their self-care deficits.

Back 763

5-7

Front 764

Within the Moderate stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 764

1. Memory losses apparent – may forget address &/or date; 2. ADL’s suffer; 3. Problems managing money, legal affairs; 4. Mood labile; 5. Withdraw from activities; 6. Needs day care or in-home assistance

Front 765

The number of people developing the disease doubles every ________________. This form is called late onset.

Back 765

5 years after age 65

Front 766

The causes of Alzheimer ’s disease are not known. _______ is a risk factor. The risk of developing Alzheimer’s increases as…...

Back 766

Age ; age advances

Front 767

Within the Moderate stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 767

1. Memory losses apparent – may forget address &/or date; 2. ADL’s suffer; 3. Problems managing money, legal affairs; 4. Mood labile; 5. Withdraw from activities; 6. Needs day care or in-home assistance

Front 768

The number of people developing the disease doubles every ________________. This form is called late onset.

Back 768

5 years after age 65

Front 769

Within the Late stages of alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 769

1. Exhibits hypermetamorphosis & hyperorality; 2. Does not recognize self anymore ; 3. Forgets how to eat; 4. Loses ability to talk & walk; 5. Prone to complications of immobility; 6. Needs complete care

Front 770

Lewy body deposits are also found throughout the brain where they cause __________. This in turn causes cognitive changes similar to Alzheimer’s Disease.

Back 770

a depletion of acetylcholine;

Front 771

Aricept Side Effects?

Back 771

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used at All stages

Front 772

The number of people developing the disease doubles every ________________. This form is called late onset.

Back 772

5 years after age 65

Front 773

The number of people developing the disease doubles every ________________. This form is called late onset.

Back 773

5 years after age 65

Front 774

The causes of Alzheimer ’s disease are not known. _______ is a risk factor. The risk of developing Alzheimer’s increases as…...

Back 774

Age ; age advances

Front 775

The average time from diagnosis to death is ______, although some people may live up to.

Back 775

10 years; 20 years

Front 776

Heredity is also a factor. The early onset form, _______ years of age, shows a pattern of ___________.

Back 776

30-60; family transmission

Front 777

Within the Moderate to Severe stages of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 777

1. Doesn’t recognize family or objects (agnosia); 2. Forgets how to do activities such as walking, eating (apraxia).; 3. Loses control of bowel and bladder; 4. Wandering; 5. Needs total assistance for all activities of daily living; 6. May need placement in skilled care facility.

Front 778

Within the Moderate to Severe stages of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 778

1. Doesn’t recognize family or objects (agnosia); 2. Forgets how to do activities such as walking, eating (apraxia).; 3. Loses control of bowel and bladder; 4. Wandering; 5. Needs total assistance for all activities of daily living; 6. May need placement in skilled care facility.

Front 779

Heredity is also a factor. The early onset form, _______ years of age, shows a pattern of ___________.

Back 779

30-60; family transmission

Front 780

The average life span of someone with Lewy Body Disease, from the time of diagnosis, is_____ years. There is no definitive drug treatment, and patients will need daily care for their self-care deficits.

Back 780

5-7

Front 781

Heredity is also a factor. The early onset form, _______ years of age, shows a pattern of ___________.

Back 781

30-60; family transmission

Front 782

The number of people developing the disease doubles every ________________. This form is called late onset.

Back 782

5 years after age 65

Front 783

Heredity is also a factor. The early onset form, _______ years of age, shows a pattern of ___________.

Back 783

30-60; family transmission

Front 784

Nursing Care: see pages 388-390 in text for a list of interventions

Front 785

Razadyne Side Effects?

Back 785

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate

Front 786

Within the Late stages of alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 786

1. Exhibits hypermetamorphosis & hyperorality; 2. Does not recognize self anymore ; 3. Forgets how to eat; 4. Loses ability to talk & walk; 5. Prone to complications of immobility; 6. Needs complete care

Front 787

The causes of Alzheimer ’s disease are not known. _______ is a risk factor. The risk of developing Alzheimer’s increases as…...

Back 787

Age ; age advances

Front 788

Finally _________ is a factor. ___________ interacts with early Alzheimer’s changes to multiply damage to the brain

Back 788

heart disease; Heart disease

Front 789

Finally _________ is a factor. ___________ interacts with early Alzheimer’s changes to multiply damage to the brain

Back 789

heart disease; Heart disease

Front 790

Within the Late stages of alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 790

1. Exhibits hypermetamorphosis & hyperorality; 2. Does not recognize self anymore ; 3. Forgets how to eat; 4. Loses ability to talk & walk; 5. Prone to complications of immobility; 6. Needs complete care

Front 791

Finally _________ is a factor. ___________ interacts with early Alzheimer’s changes to multiply damage to the brain

Back 791

heart disease; Heart disease

Front 792

Heredity is also a factor. The early onset form, _______ years of age, shows a pattern of ___________.

Back 792

30-60; family transmission

Front 793

In Alzheimer's _____ and _____ are two common nursing diagnoses used to plan care of clients with dementia. In addition two other nursing diagnoses are useful for the care of these clients and their families: _____ and_____.

Back 793

Risk for Injury; Chronic Confusion; Self-care deficit syndrome; Caregiver role strain

Front 794

The average time from diagnosis to death is ______, although some people may live up to.

Back 794

10 years; 20 years

Front 795

The number of people developing the disease doubles every ________________. This form is called late onset.

Back 795

5 years after age 65

Front 796

Namenda Side Effects?

Back 796

Headache, constipation, confusion and dizziness.Used to treat Moderate to severe cases of Alzheimers

Front 797

Finally _________ is a factor. ___________ interacts with early Alzheimer’s changes to multiply damage to the brain

Back 797

heart disease; Heart disease

Front 798

The average time from diagnosis to death is ______, although some people may live up to.

Back 798

10 years; 20 years

Front 799

While the exact cause is not known, the mechanism of destruction is increasingly clear. The brain experiences destruction in which neurofibrillary ______ & ______ develop.

Back 799

tangles and plaques

Front 800

While the exact cause is not known, the mechanism of destruction is increasingly clear. The brain experiences destruction in which neurofibrillary ______ & ______ develop.

Back 800

tangles and plaques

Front 801

Finally _________ is a factor. ___________ interacts with early Alzheimer’s changes to multiply damage to the brain

Back 801

heart disease; Heart disease

Front 802

While the exact cause is not known, the mechanism of destruction is increasingly clear. The brain experiences destruction in which neurofibrillary ______ & ______ develop.

Back 802

tangles and plaques

Front 803

Nursing Care: see pages 388-390 in text for a list of interventions

Front 804

The goals and interventions are similar to those for_____ except that the ______ needs to be considered.

Back 804

delirium; home environment

Front 805

Exelon Side Effects?

Back 805

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate Alzheimers.

Front 806

While the exact cause is not known, the mechanism of destruction is increasingly clear. The brain experiences destruction in which neurofibrillary ______ & ______ develop.

Back 806

tangles and plaques

Front 807

Heredity is also a factor. The early onset form, _______ years of age, shows a pattern of ___________.

Back 807

30-60; family transmission

Front 808

The cardinal symptoms of Alzheimer’s are:

Back 808

Aphasia: loss of language ability ; Apraxia: loss of purposeful movement in the absence of motor or sensory impairment.; Agnosia: loss of sensory ability to recognize objects; Memory (Mnemonic)impairment: gradual loss of both recent and remote memory; Disturbances in executive functioning: difficulty with planning, organizing, abstract thinking.

Front 809

Nursing Care: see pages 388-390 in text for a list of interventions

Front 810

The cardinal symptoms of Alzheimer’s are:

Back 810

Aphasia: loss of language ability ; Apraxia: loss of purposeful movement in the absence of motor or sensory impairment.; Agnosia: loss of sensory ability to recognize objects; Memory (Mnemonic)impairment: gradual loss of both recent and remote memory; Disturbances in executive functioning: difficulty with planning, organizing, abstract thinking.

Front 811

The cardinal symptoms of Alzheimer’s are:

Back 811

Aphasia: loss of language ability ; Apraxia: loss of purposeful movement in the absence of motor or sensory impairment.; Agnosia: loss of sensory ability to recognize objects; Memory (Mnemonic)impairment: gradual loss of both recent and remote memory; Disturbances in executive functioning: difficulty with planning, organizing, abstract thinking.

Front 812

In Alzheimer's _____ and _____ are two common nursing diagnoses used to plan care of clients with dementia. In addition two other nursing diagnoses are useful for the care of these clients and their families: _____ and_____.

Back 812

Risk for Injury; Chronic Confusion; Self-care deficit syndrome; Caregiver role strain

Front 813

Finally _________ is a factor. ___________ interacts with early Alzheimer’s changes to multiply damage to the brain

Back 813

heart disease; Heart disease

Front 814

In addition other symptoms of Alzheimer's are common:

Back 814

Confabulation: making up stories to cover gaps in the memory; Perseveration: repetition of phrases or behaviors; Agraphia: inability to read or write; Hyperorality: the need to put everything in one’s mouth; Hypermetamorphosis: touching everything; Avoiding answering questions: a way to maintain self-esteem…client “covers up” inability to answer.

Front 815

The cardinal symptoms of Alzheimer’s are:

Back 815

Aphasia: loss of language ability ; Apraxia: loss of purposeful movement in the absence of motor or sensory impairment.; Agnosia: loss of sensory ability to recognize objects; Memory (Mnemonic)impairment: gradual loss of both recent and remote memory; Disturbances in executive functioning: difficulty with planning, organizing, abstract thinking.

Front 816

In addition other symptoms of Alzheimer's are common:

Back 816

Confabulation: making up stories to cover gaps in the memory; Perseveration: repetition of phrases or behaviors; Agraphia: inability to read or write; Hyperorality: the need to put everything in one’s mouth; Hypermetamorphosis: touching everything; Avoiding answering questions: a way to maintain self-esteem…client “covers up” inability to answer.

Front 817

In Alzheimer's _____ and _____ are two common nursing diagnoses used to plan care of clients with dementia. In addition two other nursing diagnoses are useful for the care of these clients and their families: _____ and_____.

Back 817

Risk for Injury; Chronic Confusion; Self-care deficit syndrome; Caregiver role strain

Front 818

While the exact cause is not known, the mechanism of destruction is increasingly clear. The brain experiences destruction in which neurofibrillary ______ & ______ develop.

Back 818

tangles and plaques

Front 819

The client with dementia of any type requires extensive care. The care giver needs to be _____,_____, and_____ to handle the complex needs of these clients and their families.

Back 819

creative; patient; mature

Front 820

In addition other symptoms of Alzheimer's are common:

Back 820

Confabulation: making up stories to cover gaps in the memory; Perseveration: repetition of phrases or behaviors; Agraphia: inability to read or write; Hyperorality: the need to put everything in one’s mouth; Hypermetamorphosis: touching everything; Avoiding answering questions: a way to maintain self-esteem…client “covers up” inability to answer.

Front 821

The goals and interventions are similar to those for_____ except that the ______ needs to be considered.

Back 821

delirium; home environment

Front 822

While the exact cause is not known, the mechanism of destruction is increasingly clear. The brain experiences destruction in which neurofibrillary ______ & ______ develop.

Back 822

tangles and plaques

Front 823

Stages of Alzheimer’s

Back 823

Mild: Forgetfulness ; Moderate: Confusion ; Moderate to Severe: Ambulatory dementia ; Late: End stage

Front 824

In addition other symptoms of Alzheimer's are common:

Back 824

Confabulation: making up stories to cover gaps in the memory; Perseveration: repetition of phrases or behaviors; Agraphia: inability to read or write; Hyperorality: the need to put everything in one’s mouth; Hypermetamorphosis: touching everything; Avoiding answering questions: a way to maintain self-esteem…client “covers up” inability to answer.

Front 825

The goals and interventions are similar to those for_____ except that the ______ needs to be considered.

Back 825

delirium; home environment

Front 826

Stages of Alzheimer’s

Back 826

Mild: Forgetfulness ; Moderate: Confusion ; Moderate to Severe: Ambulatory dementia ; Late: End stage

Front 827

Self-care deficit syndrome related to __________ secondary to Alzheimer’s disease as evidenced by __________.

Back 827

cognitive and coordination deficits; incontinence, unable to dress/feed/bathe self

Front 828

The cardinal symptoms of Alzheimer’s are:

Back 828

Aphasia: loss of language ability ; Apraxia: loss of purposeful movement in the absence of motor or sensory impairment.; Agnosia: loss of sensory ability to recognize objects; Memory (Mnemonic)impairment: gradual loss of both recent and remote memory; Disturbances in executive functioning: difficulty with planning, organizing, abstract thinking.

Front 829

Stages of Alzheimer’s

Back 829

Mild: Forgetfulness ; Moderate: Confusion ; Moderate to Severe: Ambulatory dementia ; Late: End stage

Front 830

The cardinal symptoms of Alzheimer’s are:

Back 830

Aphasia: loss of language ability ; Apraxia: loss of purposeful movement in the absence of motor or sensory impairment.; Agnosia: loss of sensory ability to recognize objects; Memory (Mnemonic)impairment: gradual loss of both recent and remote memory; Disturbances in executive functioning: difficulty with planning, organizing, abstract thinking.

Front 831

The client with dementia of any type requires extensive care. The care giver needs to be _____,_____, and_____ to handle the complex needs of these clients and their families.

Back 831

creative; patient; mature

Front 832

Outcome criteria for Alzheimer's:

Back 832

1. The client will have hygiene, nutrition, dressing, and toileting needs met with the assistance of caregivers.; 2. The client will not experience any complications related to their activities of daily living.

Front 833

Stages of Alzheimer’s

Back 833

Mild: Forgetfulness ; Moderate: Confusion ; Moderate to Severe: Ambulatory dementia ; Late: End stage

Front 834

Within the Mild stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 834

1. Losses in short-term memory; 2. Loses things by putting them in odd places; 3. Uses memory aids; 4. Denial of problems common

Front 835

In addition other symptoms of Alzheimer's are common:

Back 835

Confabulation: making up stories to cover gaps in the memory; Perseveration: repetition of phrases or behaviors; Agraphia: inability to read or write; Hyperorality: the need to put everything in one’s mouth; Hypermetamorphosis: touching everything; Avoiding answering questions: a way to maintain self-esteem…client “covers up” inability to answer.

Front 836

The client with dementia of any type requires extensive care. The care giver needs to be _____,_____, and_____ to handle the complex needs of these clients and their families.

Back 836

creative; patient; mature

Front 837

Within the Mild stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 837

1. Losses in short-term memory; 2. Loses things by putting them in odd places; 3. Uses memory aids; 4. Denial of problems common

Front 838

Within the Mild stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 838

1. Losses in short-term memory; 2. Loses things by putting them in odd places; 3. Uses memory aids; 4. Denial of problems common

Front 839

In addition other symptoms of Alzheimer's are common:

Back 839

Confabulation: making up stories to cover gaps in the memory; Perseveration: repetition of phrases or behaviors; Agraphia: inability to read or write; Hyperorality: the need to put everything in one’s mouth; Hypermetamorphosis: touching everything; Avoiding answering questions: a way to maintain self-esteem…client “covers up” inability to answer.

Front 840

Self-care deficit syndrome related to __________ secondary to Alzheimer’s disease as evidenced by __________.

Back 840

cognitive and coordination deficits; incontinence, unable to dress/feed/bathe self

Front 841

Interventions for Alzheimer's patients:

Back 841

1. Always have the client perform as many tasks as they are functionally able; 2. Use clothing with elastic and Velco fasteners.; 3. Give step-by step directions; 4. Weigh weekly to monitor weight; 5. Adapt mealtimes to function of client i.e., finger foods if client wanders from table, feed client if necessary.; 6. Make sure client does not eat non-food items; 7. Maintain regular bowel and bladder routine to prevent incontinence.

Front 842

Within the Moderate stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 842

1. Memory losses apparent – may forget address &/or date; 2. ADL’s suffer; 3. Problems managing money, legal affairs; 4. Mood labile; 5. Withdraw from activities; 6. Needs day care or in-home assistance

Front 843

Stages of Alzheimer’s

Back 843

Mild: Forgetfulness ; Moderate: Confusion ; Moderate to Severe: Ambulatory dementia ; Late: End stage

Front 844

Within the Mild stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 844

1. Losses in short-term memory; 2. Loses things by putting them in odd places; 3. Uses memory aids; 4. Denial of problems common

Front 845

Self-care deficit syndrome related to __________ secondary to Alzheimer’s disease as evidenced by __________.

Back 845

cognitive and coordination deficits; incontinence, unable to dress/feed/bathe self

Front 846

Within the Moderate stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 846

1. Memory losses apparent – may forget address &/or date; 2. ADL’s suffer; 3. Problems managing money, legal affairs; 4. Mood labile; 5. Withdraw from activities; 6. Needs day care or in-home assistance

Front 847

Within the Moderate stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 847

1. Memory losses apparent – may forget address &/or date; 2. ADL’s suffer; 3. Problems managing money, legal affairs; 4. Mood labile; 5. Withdraw from activities; 6. Needs day care or in-home assistance

Front 848

Outcome criteria for dementia:

Back 848

The caregiver will report a plan to decrease his/her burden by sharing frustrations, identifying sources of support, modifying schedule to improve daily life.

Front 849

Stages of Alzheimer’s

Back 849

Mild: Forgetfulness ; Moderate: Confusion ; Moderate to Severe: Ambulatory dementia ; Late: End stage

Front 850

Outcome criteria for Alzheimer's:

Back 850

1. The client will have hygiene, nutrition, dressing, and toileting needs met with the assistance of caregivers.; 2. The client will not experience any complications related to their activities of daily living.

Front 851

Within the Moderate to Severe stages of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 851

1. Doesn’t recognize family or objects (agnosia); 2. Forgets how to do activities such as walking, eating (apraxia).; 3. Loses control of bowel and bladder; 4. Wandering; 5. Needs total assistance for all activities of daily living; 6. May need placement in skilled care facility.

Front 852

Within the Mild stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 852

1. Losses in short-term memory; 2. Loses things by putting them in odd places; 3. Uses memory aids; 4. Denial of problems common

Front 853

Within the Moderate stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 853

1. Memory losses apparent – may forget address &/or date; 2. ADL’s suffer; 3. Problems managing money, legal affairs; 4. Mood labile; 5. Withdraw from activities; 6. Needs day care or in-home assistance

Front 854

Outcome criteria for Alzheimer's:

Back 854

1. The client will have hygiene, nutrition, dressing, and toileting needs met with the assistance of caregivers.; 2. The client will not experience any complications related to their activities of daily living.

Front 855

Within the Moderate to Severe stages of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 855

1. Doesn’t recognize family or objects (agnosia); 2. Forgets how to do activities such as walking, eating (apraxia).; 3. Loses control of bowel and bladder; 4. Wandering; 5. Needs total assistance for all activities of daily living; 6. May need placement in skilled care facility.

Front 856

Within the Moderate to Severe stages of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 856

1. Doesn’t recognize family or objects (agnosia); 2. Forgets how to do activities such as walking, eating (apraxia).; 3. Loses control of bowel and bladder; 4. Wandering; 5. Needs total assistance for all activities of daily living; 6. May need placement in skilled care facility.

Front 857

Within the Late stages of alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 857

1. Exhibits hypermetamorphosis & hyperorality; 2. Does not recognize self anymore ; 3. Forgets how to eat; 4. Loses ability to talk & walk; 5. Prone to complications of immobility; 6. Needs complete care

Front 858

Within the Mild stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 858

1. Losses in short-term memory; 2. Loses things by putting them in odd places; 3. Uses memory aids; 4. Denial of problems common

Front 859

Within the Moderate to Severe stages of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 859

1. Doesn’t recognize family or objects (agnosia); 2. Forgets how to do activities such as walking, eating (apraxia).; 3. Loses control of bowel and bladder; 4. Wandering; 5. Needs total assistance for all activities of daily living; 6. May need placement in skilled care facility.

Front 860

Interventions for Alzheimer's patients:

Back 860

1. Always have the client perform as many tasks as they are functionally able; 2. Use clothing with elastic and Velco fasteners.; 3. Give step-by step directions; 4. Weigh weekly to monitor weight; 5. Adapt mealtimes to function of client i.e., finger foods if client wanders from table, feed client if necessary.; 6. Make sure client does not eat non-food items; 7. Maintain regular bowel and bladder routine to prevent incontinence.

Front 861

Within the Moderate stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 861

1. Memory losses apparent – may forget address &/or date; 2. ADL’s suffer; 3. Problems managing money, legal affairs; 4. Mood labile; 5. Withdraw from activities; 6. Needs day care or in-home assistance

Front 862

Interventions for patients withDementia:

Back 862

1. Educate caregiver about disease process; 2. Teach ways to simplify care; 3. Assess caregiver’s emotional and physical health; 4. Provide “sounding board” for caregiver concerns; 5. Provide community resources for home assistance; 6. Help caregiver problem solve day to day issues.; 7. Help caregiver develop plan for self-care and using social support system.

Front 863

Interventions for Alzheimer's patients:

Back 863

1. Always have the client perform as many tasks as they are functionally able; 2. Use clothing with elastic and Velco fasteners.; 3. Give step-by step directions; 4. Weigh weekly to monitor weight; 5. Adapt mealtimes to function of client i.e., finger foods if client wanders from table, feed client if necessary.; 6. Make sure client does not eat non-food items; 7. Maintain regular bowel and bladder routine to prevent incontinence.

Front 864

Within the Late stages of alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 864

1. Exhibits hypermetamorphosis & hyperorality; 2. Does not recognize self anymore ; 3. Forgets how to eat; 4. Loses ability to talk & walk; 5. Prone to complications of immobility; 6. Needs complete care

Front 865

Within the Late stages of alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 865

1. Exhibits hypermetamorphosis & hyperorality; 2. Does not recognize self anymore ; 3. Forgets how to eat; 4. Loses ability to talk & walk; 5. Prone to complications of immobility; 6. Needs complete care

Front 866

Within the Moderate stage of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 866

1. Memory losses apparent – may forget address &/or date; 2. ADL’s suffer; 3. Problems managing money, legal affairs; 4. Mood labile; 5. Withdraw from activities; 6. Needs day care or in-home assistance

Front 867

Within the Moderate to Severe stages of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 867

1. Doesn’t recognize family or objects (agnosia); 2. Forgets how to do activities such as walking, eating (apraxia).; 3. Loses control of bowel and bladder; 4. Wandering; 5. Needs total assistance for all activities of daily living; 6. May need placement in skilled care facility.

Front 868

Within the Late stages of alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 868

1. Exhibits hypermetamorphosis & hyperorality; 2. Does not recognize self anymore ; 3. Forgets how to eat; 4. Loses ability to talk & walk; 5. Prone to complications of immobility; 6. Needs complete care

Front 869

The average time from diagnosis to death is ______, although some people may live up to.

Back 869

10 years; 20 years

Front 870

Outcome criteria for dementia:

Back 870

The caregiver will report a plan to decrease his/her burden by sharing frustrations, identifying sources of support, modifying schedule to improve daily life.

Front 871

This issues involved in supporting a family caring for someone with dementia are quite complex (page 391, text). To assist you in developing more teaching resources, visit the following sites and evaluate their resources.

Front 872

Outcome criteria for dementia:

Back 872

The caregiver will report a plan to decrease his/her burden by sharing frustrations, identifying sources of support, modifying schedule to improve daily life.

Front 873

The average time from diagnosis to death is ______, although some people may live up to.

Back 873

10 years; 20 years

Front 874

The average time from diagnosis to death is ______, although some people may live up to.

Back 874

10 years; 20 years

Front 875

Within the Moderate to Severe stages of Alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 875

1. Doesn’t recognize family or objects (agnosia); 2. Forgets how to do activities such as walking, eating (apraxia).; 3. Loses control of bowel and bladder; 4. Wandering; 5. Needs total assistance for all activities of daily living; 6. May need placement in skilled care facility.

Front 876

Nursing Care: see pages 388-390 in text for a list of interventions

Front 877

Within the Late stages of alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 877

1. Exhibits hypermetamorphosis & hyperorality; 2. Does not recognize self anymore ; 3. Forgets how to eat; 4. Loses ability to talk & walk; 5. Prone to complications of immobility; 6. Needs complete care

Front 878

The average time from diagnosis to death is ______, although some people may live up to.

Back 878

10 years; 20 years

Front 879

Three of the current drugs available _____, _____, & _____, are classified as ______________.

Back 879

(Aricept, Exelon, and Razadyne); Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Front 880

Interventions for patients withDementia:

Back 880

1. Educate caregiver about disease process; 2. Teach ways to simplify care; 3. Assess caregiver’s emotional and physical health; 4. Provide “sounding board” for caregiver concerns; 5. Provide community resources for home assistance; 6. Help caregiver problem solve day to day issues.; 7. Help caregiver develop plan for self-care and using social support system.

Front 881

Interventions for patients withDementia:

Back 881

1. Educate caregiver about disease process; 2. Teach ways to simplify care; 3. Assess caregiver’s emotional and physical health; 4. Provide “sounding board” for caregiver concerns; 5. Provide community resources for home assistance; 6. Help caregiver problem solve day to day issues.; 7. Help caregiver develop plan for self-care and using social support system.

Front 882

Nursing Care: see pages 388-390 in text for a list of interventions

Front 883

Nursing Care: see pages 388-390 in text for a list of interventions

Front 884

Within the Late stages of alzheimer's what are the symptoms?

Back 884

1. Exhibits hypermetamorphosis & hyperorality; 2. Does not recognize self anymore ; 3. Forgets how to eat; 4. Loses ability to talk & walk; 5. Prone to complications of immobility; 6. Needs complete care

Front 885

Nursing Care: see pages 388-390 in text for a list of interventions

Front 886

In Alzheimer's _____ and _____ are two common nursing diagnoses used to plan care of clients with dementia. In addition two other nursing diagnoses are useful for the care of these clients and their families: _____ and_____.

Back 886

Risk for Injury; Chronic Confusion; Self-care deficit syndrome; Caregiver role strain

Front 887

The average time from diagnosis to death is ______, although some people may live up to.

Back 887

10 years; 20 years

Front 888

In Alzheimer's _____ and _____ are two common nursing diagnoses used to plan care of clients with dementia. In addition two other nursing diagnoses are useful for the care of these clients and their families: _____ and_____.

Back 888

Risk for Injury; Chronic Confusion; Self-care deficit syndrome; Caregiver role strain

Front 889

This issues involved in supporting a family caring for someone with dementia are quite complex (page 391, text). To assist you in developing more teaching resources, visit the following sites and evaluate their resources.

Front 890

Cholinesterase inhibitors work by?

Back 890

They work by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine – a neurotransmitter important for memory. This neurotransmitter is deficient in Alzheimer’s. By increasing its availability clients experience improvement in their cognition and behavior.

Front 891

This issues involved in supporting a family caring for someone with dementia are quite complex (page 391, text). To assist you in developing more teaching resources, visit the following sites and evaluate their resources.

Front 892

In Alzheimer's _____ and _____ are two common nursing diagnoses used to plan care of clients with dementia. In addition two other nursing diagnoses are useful for the care of these clients and their families: _____ and_____.

Back 892

Risk for Injury; Chronic Confusion; Self-care deficit syndrome; Caregiver role strain

Front 893

The average time from diagnosis to death is ______, although some people may live up to.

Back 893

10 years; 20 years

Front 894

The goals and interventions are similar to those for_____ except that the ______ needs to be considered.

Back 894

delirium; home environment

Front 895

Nursing Care: see pages 388-390 in text for a list of interventions

Front 896

In Alzheimer's _____ and _____ are two common nursing diagnoses used to plan care of clients with dementia. In addition two other nursing diagnoses are useful for the care of these clients and their families: _____ and_____.

Back 896

Risk for Injury; Chronic Confusion; Self-care deficit syndrome; Caregiver role strain

Front 897

These drugs are useful in the ________ stages of Alzheimer’s and delay worsening of symptoms by_________.

Back 897

early to moderate; 6-12 months

Front 898

Three of the current drugs available _____, _____, & _____, are classified as ______________.

Back 898

(Aricept, Exelon, and Razadyne); Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Front 899

The goals and interventions are similar to those for_____ except that the ______ needs to be considered.

Back 899

delirium; home environment

Front 900

Three of the current drugs available _____, _____, & _____, are classified as ______________.

Back 900

(Aricept, Exelon, and Razadyne); Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Front 901

The goals and interventions are similar to those for_____ except that the ______ needs to be considered.

Back 901

delirium; home environment

Front 902

Nursing Care: see pages 388-390 in text for a list of interventions

Front 903

The fourth drug for Alzheimer's is?

Back 903

(Namenda)

Front 904

In Alzheimer's _____ and _____ are two common nursing diagnoses used to plan care of clients with dementia. In addition two other nursing diagnoses are useful for the care of these clients and their families: _____ and_____.

Back 904

Risk for Injury; Chronic Confusion; Self-care deficit syndrome; Caregiver role strain

Front 905

The goals and interventions are similar to those for_____ except that the ______ needs to be considered.

Back 905

delirium; home environment

Front 906

Cholinesterase inhibitors work by?

Back 906

They work by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine – a neurotransmitter important for memory. This neurotransmitter is deficient in Alzheimer’s. By increasing its availability clients experience improvement in their cognition and behavior.

Front 907

Cholinesterase inhibitors work by?

Back 907

They work by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine – a neurotransmitter important for memory. This neurotransmitter is deficient in Alzheimer’s. By increasing its availability clients experience improvement in their cognition and behavior.

Front 908

The client with dementia of any type requires extensive care. The care giver needs to be _____,_____, and_____ to handle the complex needs of these clients and their families.

Back 908

creative; patient; mature

Front 909

The client with dementia of any type requires extensive care. The care giver needs to be _____,_____, and_____ to handle the complex needs of these clients and their families.

Back 909

creative; patient; mature

Front 910

The client with dementia of any type requires extensive care. The care giver needs to be _____,_____, and_____ to handle the complex needs of these clients and their families.

Back 910

creative; patient; mature

Front 911

The goals and interventions are similar to those for_____ except that the ______ needs to be considered.

Back 911

delirium; home environment

Front 912

In Alzheimer's _____ and _____ are two common nursing diagnoses used to plan care of clients with dementia. In addition two other nursing diagnoses are useful for the care of these clients and their families: _____ and_____.

Back 912

Risk for Injury; Chronic Confusion; Self-care deficit syndrome; Caregiver role strain

Front 913

Namenda works by

Back 913

limiting the action of glutamate – a neurotransmitter that can be destructive to the brain.

Front 914

The client with dementia of any type requires extensive care. The care giver needs to be _____,_____, and_____ to handle the complex needs of these clients and their families.

Back 914

creative; patient; mature

Front 915

Self-care deficit syndrome related to __________ secondary to Alzheimer’s disease as evidenced by __________.

Back 915

cognitive and coordination deficits; incontinence, unable to dress/feed/bathe self

Front 916

Self-care deficit syndrome related to __________ secondary to Alzheimer’s disease as evidenced by __________.

Back 916

cognitive and coordination deficits; incontinence, unable to dress/feed/bathe self

Front 917

These drugs are useful in the ________ stages of Alzheimer’s and delay worsening of symptoms by_________.

Back 917

early to moderate; 6-12 months

Front 918

These drugs are useful in the ________ stages of Alzheimer’s and delay worsening of symptoms by_________.

Back 918

early to moderate; 6-12 months

Front 919

Self-care deficit syndrome related to __________ secondary to Alzheimer’s disease as evidenced by __________.

Back 919

cognitive and coordination deficits; incontinence, unable to dress/feed/bathe self

Front 920

The client with dementia of any type requires extensive care. The care giver needs to be _____,_____, and_____ to handle the complex needs of these clients and their families.

Back 920

creative; patient; mature

Front 921

In Alzheimer’s there appears to be too much secretion of _____ in the brain, which over stimulates the neurons. Overstimulation leads to neuron death. Namenda protects the neurons from overstimulation thereby preserving neurons. It is approved for use in the ______ stages of Alzheimer’s and may be used in conjunction with a ________.

Back 921

glutamate; moderate to severe; Cholinesterase Inhibitor

Front 922

Outcome criteria for Alzheimer's:

Back 922

1. The client will have hygiene, nutrition, dressing, and toileting needs met with the assistance of caregivers.; 2. The client will not experience any complications related to their activities of daily living.

Front 923

The goals and interventions are similar to those for_____ except that the ______ needs to be considered.

Back 923

delirium; home environment

Front 924

The fourth drug for Alzheimer's is?

Back 924

(Namenda)

Front 925

Outcome criteria for Alzheimer's:

Back 925

1. The client will have hygiene, nutrition, dressing, and toileting needs met with the assistance of caregivers.; 2. The client will not experience any complications related to their activities of daily living.

Front 926

Self-care deficit syndrome related to __________ secondary to Alzheimer’s disease as evidenced by __________.

Back 926

cognitive and coordination deficits; incontinence, unable to dress/feed/bathe self

Front 927

The fourth drug for Alzheimer's is?

Back 927

(Namenda)

Front 928

Outcome criteria for Alzheimer's:

Back 928

1. The client will have hygiene, nutrition, dressing, and toileting needs met with the assistance of caregivers.; 2. The client will not experience any complications related to their activities of daily living.

Front 929

Self-care deficit syndrome related to __________ secondary to Alzheimer’s disease as evidenced by __________.

Back 929

cognitive and coordination deficits; incontinence, unable to dress/feed/bathe self

Front 930

Aricept Side Effects?

Back 930

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used at All stages

Front 931

Interventions for Alzheimer's patients:

Back 931

1. Always have the client perform as many tasks as they are functionally able; 2. Use clothing with elastic and Velco fasteners.; 3. Give step-by step directions; 4. Weigh weekly to monitor weight; 5. Adapt mealtimes to function of client i.e., finger foods if client wanders from table, feed client if necessary.; 6. Make sure client does not eat non-food items; 7. Maintain regular bowel and bladder routine to prevent incontinence.

Front 932

Namenda works by

Back 932

limiting the action of glutamate – a neurotransmitter that can be destructive to the brain.

Front 933

The client with dementia of any type requires extensive care. The care giver needs to be _____,_____, and_____ to handle the complex needs of these clients and their families.

Back 933

creative; patient; mature

Front 934

Interventions for Alzheimer's patients:

Back 934

1. Always have the client perform as many tasks as they are functionally able; 2. Use clothing with elastic and Velco fasteners.; 3. Give step-by step directions; 4. Weigh weekly to monitor weight; 5. Adapt mealtimes to function of client i.e., finger foods if client wanders from table, feed client if necessary.; 6. Make sure client does not eat non-food items; 7. Maintain regular bowel and bladder routine to prevent incontinence.

Front 935

Outcome criteria for Alzheimer's:

Back 935

1. The client will have hygiene, nutrition, dressing, and toileting needs met with the assistance of caregivers.; 2. The client will not experience any complications related to their activities of daily living.

Front 936

Namenda works by

Back 936

limiting the action of glutamate – a neurotransmitter that can be destructive to the brain.

Front 937

Interventions for Alzheimer's patients:

Back 937

1. Always have the client perform as many tasks as they are functionally able; 2. Use clothing with elastic and Velco fasteners.; 3. Give step-by step directions; 4. Weigh weekly to monitor weight; 5. Adapt mealtimes to function of client i.e., finger foods if client wanders from table, feed client if necessary.; 6. Make sure client does not eat non-food items; 7. Maintain regular bowel and bladder routine to prevent incontinence.

Front 938

Razadyne Side Effects?

Back 938

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate

Front 939

Outcome criteria for Alzheimer's:

Back 939

1. The client will have hygiene, nutrition, dressing, and toileting needs met with the assistance of caregivers.; 2. The client will not experience any complications related to their activities of daily living.

Front 940

Self-care deficit syndrome related to __________ secondary to Alzheimer’s disease as evidenced by __________.

Back 940

cognitive and coordination deficits; incontinence, unable to dress/feed/bathe self

Front 941

Outcome criteria for dementia:

Back 941

The caregiver will report a plan to decrease his/her burden by sharing frustrations, identifying sources of support, modifying schedule to improve daily life.

Front 942

In Alzheimer’s there appears to be too much secretion of _____ in the brain, which over stimulates the neurons. Overstimulation leads to neuron death. Namenda protects the neurons from overstimulation thereby preserving neurons. It is approved for use in the ______ stages of Alzheimer’s and may be used in conjunction with a ________.

Back 942

glutamate; moderate to severe; Cholinesterase Inhibitor

Front 943

Interventions for Alzheimer's patients:

Back 943

1. Always have the client perform as many tasks as they are functionally able; 2. Use clothing with elastic and Velco fasteners.; 3. Give step-by step directions; 4. Weigh weekly to monitor weight; 5. Adapt mealtimes to function of client i.e., finger foods if client wanders from table, feed client if necessary.; 6. Make sure client does not eat non-food items; 7. Maintain regular bowel and bladder routine to prevent incontinence.

Front 944

In Alzheimer’s there appears to be too much secretion of _____ in the brain, which over stimulates the neurons. Overstimulation leads to neuron death. Namenda protects the neurons from overstimulation thereby preserving neurons. It is approved for use in the ______ stages of Alzheimer’s and may be used in conjunction with a ________.

Back 944

glutamate; moderate to severe; Cholinesterase Inhibitor

Front 945

Outcome criteria for dementia:

Back 945

The caregiver will report a plan to decrease his/her burden by sharing frustrations, identifying sources of support, modifying schedule to improve daily life.

Front 946

Outcome criteria for dementia:

Back 946

The caregiver will report a plan to decrease his/her burden by sharing frustrations, identifying sources of support, modifying schedule to improve daily life.

Front 947

Aricept Side Effects?

Back 947

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used at All stages

Front 948

Interventions for patients withDementia:

Back 948

1. Educate caregiver about disease process; 2. Teach ways to simplify care; 3. Assess caregiver’s emotional and physical health; 4. Provide “sounding board” for caregiver concerns; 5. Provide community resources for home assistance; 6. Help caregiver problem solve day to day issues.; 7. Help caregiver develop plan for self-care and using social support system.

Front 949

Outcome criteria for dementia:

Back 949

The caregiver will report a plan to decrease his/her burden by sharing frustrations, identifying sources of support, modifying schedule to improve daily life.

Front 950

Interventions for patients withDementia:

Back 950

1. Educate caregiver about disease process; 2. Teach ways to simplify care; 3. Assess caregiver’s emotional and physical health; 4. Provide “sounding board” for caregiver concerns; 5. Provide community resources for home assistance; 6. Help caregiver problem solve day to day issues.; 7. Help caregiver develop plan for self-care and using social support system.

Front 951

Aricept Side Effects?

Back 951

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used at All stages

Front 952

Outcome criteria for Alzheimer's:

Back 952

1. The client will have hygiene, nutrition, dressing, and toileting needs met with the assistance of caregivers.; 2. The client will not experience any complications related to their activities of daily living.

Front 953

Namenda Side Effects?

Back 953

Headache, constipation, confusion and dizziness.Used to treat Moderate to severe cases of Alzheimers

Front 954

Interventions for Alzheimer's patients:

Back 954

1. Always have the client perform as many tasks as they are functionally able; 2. Use clothing with elastic and Velco fasteners.; 3. Give step-by step directions; 4. Weigh weekly to monitor weight; 5. Adapt mealtimes to function of client i.e., finger foods if client wanders from table, feed client if necessary.; 6. Make sure client does not eat non-food items; 7. Maintain regular bowel and bladder routine to prevent incontinence.

Front 955

Interventions for patients withDementia:

Back 955

1. Educate caregiver about disease process; 2. Teach ways to simplify care; 3. Assess caregiver’s emotional and physical health; 4. Provide “sounding board” for caregiver concerns; 5. Provide community resources for home assistance; 6. Help caregiver problem solve day to day issues.; 7. Help caregiver develop plan for self-care and using social support system.

Front 956

Interventions for patients withDementia:

Back 956

1. Educate caregiver about disease process; 2. Teach ways to simplify care; 3. Assess caregiver’s emotional and physical health; 4. Provide “sounding board” for caregiver concerns; 5. Provide community resources for home assistance; 6. Help caregiver problem solve day to day issues.; 7. Help caregiver develop plan for self-care and using social support system.

Front 957

This issues involved in supporting a family caring for someone with dementia are quite complex (page 391, text). To assist you in developing more teaching resources, visit the following sites and evaluate their resources.

Front 958

Razadyne Side Effects?

Back 958

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate

Front 959

This issues involved in supporting a family caring for someone with dementia are quite complex (page 391, text). To assist you in developing more teaching resources, visit the following sites and evaluate their resources.

Front 960

Outcome criteria for dementia:

Back 960

The caregiver will report a plan to decrease his/her burden by sharing frustrations, identifying sources of support, modifying schedule to improve daily life.

Front 961

Razadyne Side Effects?

Back 961

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate

Front 962

Exelon Side Effects?

Back 962

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate Alzheimers.

Front 963

Interventions for Alzheimer's patients:

Back 963

1. Always have the client perform as many tasks as they are functionally able; 2. Use clothing with elastic and Velco fasteners.; 3. Give step-by step directions; 4. Weigh weekly to monitor weight; 5. Adapt mealtimes to function of client i.e., finger foods if client wanders from table, feed client if necessary.; 6. Make sure client does not eat non-food items; 7. Maintain regular bowel and bladder routine to prevent incontinence.

Front 964

This issues involved in supporting a family caring for someone with dementia are quite complex (page 391, text). To assist you in developing more teaching resources, visit the following sites and evaluate their resources.

Front 965

This issues involved in supporting a family caring for someone with dementia are quite complex (page 391, text). To assist you in developing more teaching resources, visit the following sites and evaluate their resources.

Front 966

Namenda Side Effects?

Back 966

Headache, constipation, confusion and dizziness.Used to treat Moderate to severe cases of Alzheimers

Front 967

Three of the current drugs available _____, _____, & _____, are classified as ______________.

Back 967

(Aricept, Exelon, and Razadyne); Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Front 968

Three of the current drugs available _____, _____, & _____, are classified as ______________.

Back 968

(Aricept, Exelon, and Razadyne); Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Front 969

Outcome criteria for dementia:

Back 969

The caregiver will report a plan to decrease his/her burden by sharing frustrations, identifying sources of support, modifying schedule to improve daily life.

Front 970

Namenda Side Effects?

Back 970

Headache, constipation, confusion and dizziness.Used to treat Moderate to severe cases of Alzheimers

Front 971

Interventions for patients withDementia:

Back 971

1. Educate caregiver about disease process; 2. Teach ways to simplify care; 3. Assess caregiver’s emotional and physical health; 4. Provide “sounding board” for caregiver concerns; 5. Provide community resources for home assistance; 6. Help caregiver problem solve day to day issues.; 7. Help caregiver develop plan for self-care and using social support system.

Front 972

Three of the current drugs available _____, _____, & _____, are classified as ______________.

Back 972

(Aricept, Exelon, and Razadyne); Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Front 973

Three of the current drugs available _____, _____, & _____, are classified as ______________.

Back 973

(Aricept, Exelon, and Razadyne); Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Front 974

Cholinesterase inhibitors work by?

Back 974

They work by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine – a neurotransmitter important for memory. This neurotransmitter is deficient in Alzheimer’s. By increasing its availability clients experience improvement in their cognition and behavior.

Front 975

Interventions for patients withDementia:

Back 975

1. Educate caregiver about disease process; 2. Teach ways to simplify care; 3. Assess caregiver’s emotional and physical health; 4. Provide “sounding board” for caregiver concerns; 5. Provide community resources for home assistance; 6. Help caregiver problem solve day to day issues.; 7. Help caregiver develop plan for self-care and using social support system.

Front 976

Exelon Side Effects?

Back 976

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate Alzheimers.

Front 977

This issues involved in supporting a family caring for someone with dementia are quite complex (page 391, text). To assist you in developing more teaching resources, visit the following sites and evaluate their resources.

Front 978

Exelon Side Effects?

Back 978

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate Alzheimers.

Front 979

Cholinesterase inhibitors work by?

Back 979

They work by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine – a neurotransmitter important for memory. This neurotransmitter is deficient in Alzheimer’s. By increasing its availability clients experience improvement in their cognition and behavior.

Front 980

Cholinesterase inhibitors work by?

Back 980

They work by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine – a neurotransmitter important for memory. This neurotransmitter is deficient in Alzheimer’s. By increasing its availability clients experience improvement in their cognition and behavior.

Front 981

Three of the current drugs available _____, _____, & _____, are classified as ______________.

Back 981

(Aricept, Exelon, and Razadyne); Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Front 982

This issues involved in supporting a family caring for someone with dementia are quite complex (page 391, text). To assist you in developing more teaching resources, visit the following sites and evaluate their resources.

Front 983

Cholinesterase inhibitors work by?

Back 983

They work by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine – a neurotransmitter important for memory. This neurotransmitter is deficient in Alzheimer’s. By increasing its availability clients experience improvement in their cognition and behavior.

Front 984

These drugs are useful in the ________ stages of Alzheimer’s and delay worsening of symptoms by_________.

Back 984

early to moderate; 6-12 months

Front 985

These drugs are useful in the ________ stages of Alzheimer’s and delay worsening of symptoms by_________.

Back 985

early to moderate; 6-12 months

Front 986

These drugs are useful in the ________ stages of Alzheimer’s and delay worsening of symptoms by_________.

Back 986

early to moderate; 6-12 months

Front 987

The fourth drug for Alzheimer's is?

Back 987

(Namenda)

Front 988

Three of the current drugs available _____, _____, & _____, are classified as ______________.

Back 988

(Aricept, Exelon, and Razadyne); Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Front 989

The fourth drug for Alzheimer's is?

Back 989

(Namenda)

Front 990

Cholinesterase inhibitors work by?

Back 990

They work by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine – a neurotransmitter important for memory. This neurotransmitter is deficient in Alzheimer’s. By increasing its availability clients experience improvement in their cognition and behavior.

Front 991

These drugs are useful in the ________ stages of Alzheimer’s and delay worsening of symptoms by_________.

Back 991

early to moderate; 6-12 months

Front 992

Namenda works by

Back 992

limiting the action of glutamate – a neurotransmitter that can be destructive to the brain.

Front 993

The fourth drug for Alzheimer's is?

Back 993

(Namenda)

Front 994

Namenda works by

Back 994

limiting the action of glutamate – a neurotransmitter that can be destructive to the brain.

Front 995

Cholinesterase inhibitors work by?

Back 995

They work by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine – a neurotransmitter important for memory. This neurotransmitter is deficient in Alzheimer’s. By increasing its availability clients experience improvement in their cognition and behavior.

Front 996

These drugs are useful in the ________ stages of Alzheimer’s and delay worsening of symptoms by_________.

Back 996

early to moderate; 6-12 months

Front 997

The fourth drug for Alzheimer's is?

Back 997

(Namenda)

Front 998

Namenda works by

Back 998

limiting the action of glutamate – a neurotransmitter that can be destructive to the brain.

Front 999

Namenda works by

Back 999

limiting the action of glutamate – a neurotransmitter that can be destructive to the brain.

Front 1000

In Alzheimer’s there appears to be too much secretion of _____ in the brain, which over stimulates the neurons. Overstimulation leads to neuron death. Namenda protects the neurons from overstimulation thereby preserving neurons. It is approved for use in the ______ stages of Alzheimer’s and may be used in conjunction with a ________.

Back 1000

glutamate; moderate to severe; Cholinesterase Inhibitor

Front 1001

These drugs are useful in the ________ stages of Alzheimer’s and delay worsening of symptoms by_________.

Back 1001

early to moderate; 6-12 months

Front 1002

The fourth drug for Alzheimer's is?

Back 1002

(Namenda)

Front 1003

In Alzheimer’s there appears to be too much secretion of _____ in the brain, which over stimulates the neurons. Overstimulation leads to neuron death. Namenda protects the neurons from overstimulation thereby preserving neurons. It is approved for use in the ______ stages of Alzheimer’s and may be used in conjunction with a ________.

Back 1003

glutamate; moderate to severe; Cholinesterase Inhibitor

Front 1004

In Alzheimer’s there appears to be too much secretion of _____ in the brain, which over stimulates the neurons. Overstimulation leads to neuron death. Namenda protects the neurons from overstimulation thereby preserving neurons. It is approved for use in the ______ stages of Alzheimer’s and may be used in conjunction with a ________.

Back 1004

glutamate; moderate to severe; Cholinesterase Inhibitor

Front 1005

Aricept Side Effects?

Back 1005

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used at All stages

Front 1006

In Alzheimer’s there appears to be too much secretion of _____ in the brain, which over stimulates the neurons. Overstimulation leads to neuron death. Namenda protects the neurons from overstimulation thereby preserving neurons. It is approved for use in the ______ stages of Alzheimer’s and may be used in conjunction with a ________.

Back 1006

glutamate; moderate to severe; Cholinesterase Inhibitor

Front 1007

The fourth drug for Alzheimer's is?

Back 1007

(Namenda)

Front 1008

Aricept Side Effects?

Back 1008

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used at All stages

Front 1009

Namenda works by

Back 1009

limiting the action of glutamate – a neurotransmitter that can be destructive to the brain.

Front 1010

Aricept Side Effects?

Back 1010

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used at All stages

Front 1011

Aricept Side Effects?

Back 1011

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used at All stages

Front 1012

Razadyne Side Effects?

Back 1012

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate

Front 1013

Razadyne Side Effects?

Back 1013

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate

Front 1014

In Alzheimer’s there appears to be too much secretion of _____ in the brain, which over stimulates the neurons. Overstimulation leads to neuron death. Namenda protects the neurons from overstimulation thereby preserving neurons. It is approved for use in the ______ stages of Alzheimer’s and may be used in conjunction with a ________.

Back 1014

glutamate; moderate to severe; Cholinesterase Inhibitor

Front 1015

Namenda works by

Back 1015

limiting the action of glutamate – a neurotransmitter that can be destructive to the brain.

Front 1016

Razadyne Side Effects?

Back 1016

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate

Front 1017

Namenda Side Effects?

Back 1017

Headache, constipation, confusion and dizziness.Used to treat Moderate to severe cases of Alzheimers

Front 1018

Razadyne Side Effects?

Back 1018

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate

Front 1019

Aricept Side Effects?

Back 1019

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used at All stages

Front 1020

Namenda Side Effects?

Back 1020

Headache, constipation, confusion and dizziness.Used to treat Moderate to severe cases of Alzheimers

Front 1021

In Alzheimer’s there appears to be too much secretion of _____ in the brain, which over stimulates the neurons. Overstimulation leads to neuron death. Namenda protects the neurons from overstimulation thereby preserving neurons. It is approved for use in the ______ stages of Alzheimer’s and may be used in conjunction with a ________.

Back 1021

glutamate; moderate to severe; Cholinesterase Inhibitor

Front 1022

Namenda Side Effects?

Back 1022

Headache, constipation, confusion and dizziness.Used to treat Moderate to severe cases of Alzheimers

Front 1023

Namenda Side Effects?

Back 1023

Headache, constipation, confusion and dizziness.Used to treat Moderate to severe cases of Alzheimers

Front 1024

Razadyne Side Effects?

Back 1024

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate

Front 1025

Aricept Side Effects?

Back 1025

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used at All stages

Front 1026

Exelon Side Effects?

Back 1026

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate Alzheimers.

Front 1027

Exelon Side Effects?

Back 1027

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate Alzheimers.

Front 1028

Exelon Side Effects?

Back 1028

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate Alzheimers.

Front 1029

Razadyne Side Effects?

Back 1029

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate

Front 1030

Namenda Side Effects?

Back 1030

Headache, constipation, confusion and dizziness.Used to treat Moderate to severe cases of Alzheimers

Front 1031

Exelon Side Effects?

Back 1031

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate Alzheimers.

Front 1032

Namenda Side Effects?

Back 1032

Headache, constipation, confusion and dizziness.Used to treat Moderate to severe cases of Alzheimers

Front 1033

Exelon Side Effects?

Back 1033

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate Alzheimers.

Front 1034

Exelon Side Effects?

Back 1034

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased frequency of bowel movements. Used to treat Mild to moderate Alzheimers.