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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genetic Epistemology |
Experimental study of the origin of knowledge |
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Intelligence |
Basic life function that helps an organism adapt to the environment |
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Constructivist approach |
Child discovers knowledge about the world through activity |
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Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory |
Organization of Schemas Adaptation using assimilation/accommodation Invariant, fixed, stages that are universal Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, and formal operational |
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Piaget's Theory: Schema |
Psychological structures that make sense of experience Action-based at infancy Mental based as kid matures through life |
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Piaget's Theory: Assimilation |
Using current schemes to interpret external world Used during cognitive equilibrium |
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Piaget's Theory: Accommodation |
Adjusting old schemes and creating new ones to better fit the environment Used during cognitive disequilibrium |
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Piaget's Theory: Stages of development |
Invariant, fixed Universal, every kid goes through them at some point Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, and formal operational |
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Piaget's Theory: Sensorimotor |
Though it based in action at this stage Birth to 2 years old Object Permanence, A not B error |
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Piaget's Theory: Preoperational |
Thought becomes symbolic in form at this stage 2-7 years of age |
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Piaget's Theory: Concrete Operational |
Stimuli are physically present at this stage Ages 7-11 Capable of decentration and irreversibility brain functions |
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Piagets Theory: Formal Operational |
Thought is abstract and hypothetical at this stage 11-15 years of age Egocentrism, Hypothetical reasoning (pendulum ex) |
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Object Permanence |
Object exists in the mind even when they are no longer visible child will search under both cloths even when they do not see it being moved from one to the other |
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A not B error |
An infant will search for an object that was hiddne underneath a cloth even when they see it moved only partial object permanence in this case |
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Seriation |
Ordering on a dimension Preoperational cannot full accomplish this task; concrete operational have the comparison knowledge to perform this task |
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Theory of Core knowledge |
Idea that humans are born with innate cognitive systems; built in the brain contrasts with basis for Piaget's theory uses violation of expectation to infer what infants understand |
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Infant Core knowledge |
Infants understand the following... Objects remain in place unless moved Infants understand gravity; pushing things off tables Understand concept of numbers up to 3 |
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Decentration |
Concentrate on more than one aspect of a problem at a time |
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Reversibility |
Ability to mentally undo an action |
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Propositional Thought |
Suspend concrete knowledge and reason logically in the abstract ex: if all women are fathers, and i am a woman, am i a father? |
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Hypothetical Reasoning |
Ability to generate ideas of hypotheses Ex. Pendulum Problem with string and weights |
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Imaginary Audience |
Adolescent phenomena Belief that they are center of everyone's attention leads to self-consciousness and inflated view of self |
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Personal Fable |
Belief that adolescents are invincible and nothing will happen to them ex: "i can drive drunk and nothing will ever happen to me" |
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Social Cognition: Social Referencing |
Tactic used by infants by looking at another person for cues to interpret a strange event |
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Social Cognition: Representational Insight |
Kid's ability to understand that a symbol or model can stand for a real-life event Preschool recognize symbols represent something real; infants cannot yet do this until they mature ex. ability to use a toy and play make-believe |
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Theory of Mind |
Awareness of the concept of mental states, both one's own and those of others children show knowledge of these states by 1 1/2 years of age |
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Theory of Mind: Belief-Desire Reasoning |
Child understands behavior is based on what somebody knows or believes what they want or desire develops between 3 and 4 years |
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False Belief |
Kid's mistaken understanding that an uninformed observer has the same information as the kid Determine belief of another to predict action of another ex. Maxi example with blue and green drawers |
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Referential Communication |
Communication in situations that require the kid to describe an object to a listener or evaluate and effective message ex. preschoolers fail this in a lab but can do it well in natural settings |
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Infantile Amnesia |
Most adults cannot recall memories before 3 years of age Need language for early memories to exist and be articulated |
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Autobiographical Memory |
Recall of personal experiences parents play a role through talking with kids about their past and what events were important |
