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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cognitive Distortions |
Over generalizations- interpreting a situational outcome as if it applies in every situation All or Nothing Thinking- seeing the worse in a situation Selective Abstraction- focusing on one event to the exclusion of others Magnification/minimization- magnifying imperfections and minimizing positive attributes Mind reading- a false belief that they know what other people think |
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Substance related beliefs |
-according to Belk et al.most substance related beliefs center around pleasure seeking, problem solving, relief, and escape -components of these dysfunctional beliefs include: a) the expectation that drugs will maintain internal balance, b) the beliefs that drugs will make one more sociable and smarter, c) the expectation that drugs will give one pleasure and fun, d) the belief that drugs will increase energy and make one more powerful, e) the conviction that drugs will will calm stress and tension, f) the idea that drugs will relieve boredom and depression, and g) the belief that the only way to manage cravings is to take the drugs the only way to manage cravings is to take the drugs - there are two additional beliefs and they include permission- giving, which serves to promote justification, risk taking and entitlement and anticipatory, what one expects a drug will do or effect it will have |
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Complete Cognitive Model of Substance Use |
The complete cognitive model relies heavily on the impact of beliefs in the development of substance abuse and addiction. However before core beliefs are activated, one must have an activating stimulus (either internal or external) |
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What is it cognitive therapy? |
- cognitive therapy is an approach to psychotherapy and counseling that aims to reduce emotional turmoil and deleterious behavior by modifying schemas, automatic thoughts, and thinking distortions that are believed to be at the root of such problems |
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What is an cognitive therapy assessment? |
1. Relevant history a. Why did you start using drugs? b. How did your use develop into dependency or addiction? c. What has prevented you from stopping by yourself? 2. Current life difficulties- when the problems started and when they begin 3. Core beliefs or schemas- essential to understanding cognitive theory 4. Vulnerable situations- environmental stimuli leads to automatic thoughts and eventual substance use 5. Automatic thoughts- thoughts that emanate from core schemas triggered by environmental stimuli |
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Components of the case conceptualization |
a) demographic information b) diagnoses c) assessment scores d) presenting problem e) developmental profile f) cognitive profile g) integration of cognitive and developmental profiles h) and implications for therapy |
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Structured session |
To maintain order in counseling sessions they need to be structured, the elements include: 1. Setting the agenda 2. Mood check -Beck Depression Inventory( BDI) -Beck Anxiety inventory (BAI) -Symptom Checklist 90 -Beck Hopekessness Inventory ( BHI) 3. Bridging from the last session 4. Discussion of agenda items 5. Socratic questioning 6. Capsule summary |
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Cognitive-Based Techniques |
1. Daily Thought Record (most common)- listing and taking inventory of thoughts and emotions a) asking clients to monitor their automatic thoughts and concomitant feelings b) substituting more positive ways of thinking and then recording how emotions change 2. Pros-Cons Analysis- helps clients outweigh the good and bad of using substances 3. Downward Arrow Technique- a series of questions used to evoke the client to challenge and replace negative thoughts 4. Examining and challenging distortions 5. Imagery |
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Elements of substance addiction |
1. there must be availability of and access to substances in the person's environment 2. the person experiences positive reinforcement from drug use 3. the lack of positive reinforcement for alternative behavior 4. the lack of immediate punishment for drugsand alcohol |
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Behavioral technique |
-contingency management( the clinician uses the operant conditioning to shape behavior by asking questions) 1. What behavior is maladaptive? What behaviors should be increased or decreased? ? 3. What are rewards of maintaining drug use? Are these punishes associated with avoiding drug use? 2. What environmental contingencies currently maintain or support the behavior?3. What are rewards of maintaining drug use? Are these punishes associated with avoiding drug use?4. What environmental changes can be manipulated to alter the behavior?-relaxation training -systematic desensitization 4. What environmental changes can be manipulated to alter the behavior? -relaxation training -systematic desensitization ( an interview that identifies nature of fears, a relaxation technique followed by a collaborative anxiety chart) |
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Characteristics of CBT |
a) a collaboration between the clinician and the client b) psychological and behavioral problems are by and large the result of disruptions to cognitive thought processes c) challenging and helping clients change or otherwise restructure thoughts helps them feel better emotionally d) this improved mood translates to more appropriate behavior e) this broad, short term educational approach focuses squarely on client issues and problems |
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Approaches of CBT |
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) Techniques: - Imagery - Role-playing - shame attacking exercises Dialectical Behavior Therapy ( DBT) - well established treatment approach to deal with multiple severe psychological disorders (change vs. acceptance) Stage 1 (pretreatment) Targets: decrease life-threatening, therapy interfering, and quality of life events,increasing behavioral skills Stage 2 Targets: decrease the post traumatic response Stage 3 Targets: enhancing respect for self and accomplishing individual goals Stage 4 Targets: addressing deeper, more existential issues Principles: Mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness, emotional regulation, and distress tolerance |
