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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who came up with the multi store model? |
Atkinson and shifting 1968 |
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Summarise HM |
Had an op to stop his epilepsy which went wrong, he can't form new memories but can learn noew motor skills can recall events from when he was before 16,
So good STM and bad LTM |
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Clive wearing |
LTM impairment but good STM and could learn new motor skills |
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Summarise KC |
Motor cycle accident Could recall facts but not personal memories |
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What did Peterson and Peterson do? |
Tested duration of STM 24 students given trigrams As gap between recalling trigrams increased, recall decreased They found that duration of STM is around 28 secs |
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What did tulving (1972) look into? |
Episodic and semantic memory |
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Define episodic and semantic memory |
Semantic-part if LTM that stores info based info on the world is general knowledge Episodic-part if LTM that stores info on personal events ie first day of school |
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What is a case study |
A detailed study of one individual/event Many techniques can be used and the findings attempt to represent the thoughts and feelings of experiences and abilities |
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How can you provide care for brain damaged patients |
Let them see their family Pictures Starts Labels Ask for what they would like to eat and provide it New info should be written down on a notice board |
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Name 4 types of qualitative methods |
Content analysis - Discourse analysis- language Grounded theory- coding Interpretive phenomenological analysis- dividing experiences from personal perspective |
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Name 4 types of qualitative methods |
Content analysis - Discourse analysis- language Grounded theory- coding Interpretive phenomenological analysis- dividing experiences from personal perspective |
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Who came up with reconstructive memory |
Bartlett (1932) |
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Name 4 types of qualitative methods |
Content analysis - Discourse analysis- language Grounded theory- coding Interpretive phenomenological analysis- dividing experiences from personal perspective |
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Who came up with reconstructive memory |
Bartlett (1932) |
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Define perception |
Active construction of what we see using prior knowledge to guide the judgement. Based on individual interpretation and is different for everyone due to everyone having different experiences. |
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Define schemata |
Parcels of stored knowledge or a mental representation of info about a specific event it object. Every schemata has fixed and variable info |
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Define schemata |
Parcels of stored knowledge or a mental representation of info about a specific event it object. Every schemata has fixed and variable info |
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Define confabulation |
Making up bits of info to fill in a memory so that it makes sense |
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Define schemata |
Parcels of stored knowledge or a mental representation of info about a specific event it object. Every schemata has fixed and variable info |
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Define confabulation |
Making up bits of info to fill in a memory so that it makes sense |
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Define ratioalisation |
Making a memory make sense |
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What two theories did baddeley do? |
Influence of acoustic and semantic similarity on LTM for word sequences And WMM |
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describe the central exectutive |
Controls attention and coordinates the actions of the other components Briefly stores info Metaphor of company boss |
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describe the central exectutive |
Controls attention and coordinates the actions of the other components Briefly stores info Metaphor of company boss |
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Describe the phonological loop |
Consists of 1) articulating rehearsal system- inner voice, capacity of 2 seconds, voice that rehearses 2) phonological store- inner ear, sound based code to store info, |
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describe the central exectutive |
Controls attention and coordinates the actions of the other components Briefly stores info Metaphor of company boss |
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Describe the phonological loop |
Consists of 1) articulating rehearsal system- inner voice, capacity of 2 seconds, voice that rehearses 2) phonological store- inner ear, sound based code to store info, |
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Describe the Visio-spatial sketchpad |
Inner eye Maintains visual and spatial info using a visual code Contains 1)visual cache- stores info about form and colour 2) inner scribe- deals with spatial info and movement |
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describe the central exectutive |
Controls attention and coordinates the actions of the other components Briefly stores info Metaphor of company boss |
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Describe the phonological loop |
Consists of 1) articulating rehearsal system- inner voice, capacity of 2 seconds, voice that rehearses 2) phonological store- inner ear, sound based code to store info, |
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Describe the Visio-spatial sketchpad |
Inner eye Maintains visual and spatial info using a visual code Contains 1)visual cache- stores info about form and colour 2) inner scribe- deals with spatial info and movement |
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Describe episodic buufer |
Added later to the model Bonds info from other components with info of time and order And brings in info from LTM |
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describe the central exectutive |
Controls attention and coordinates the actions of the other components Briefly stores info Metaphor of company boss |
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Describe the phonological loop |
Consists of 1) articulating rehearsal system- inner voice, capacity of 2 seconds, voice that rehearses 2) phonological store- inner ear, sound based code to store info, |
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Describe the Visio-spatial sketchpad |
Inner eye Maintains visual and spatial info using a visual code Contains 1)visual cache- stores info about form and colour 2) inner scribe- deals with spatial info and movement |
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Describe episodic buufer |
Added later to the model Bonds info from other components with info of time and order And brings in info from LTM |
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What does the WMM say about individual differences |
Fails to explain I.differences in capacity and functioning |
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describe the central exectutive |
Controls attention and coordinates the actions of the other components Briefly stores info Metaphor of company boss |
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Describe the phonological loop |
Consists of 1) articulating rehearsal system- inner voice, capacity of 2 seconds, voice that rehearses 2) phonological store- inner ear, sound based code to store info, |
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Describe the Visio-spatial sketchpad |
Inner eye Maintains visual and spatial info using a visual code Contains 1)visual cache- stores info about form and colour 2) inner scribe- deals with spatial info and movement |
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Describe episodic buufer |
Added later to the model Bonds info from other components with info of time and order And brings in info from LTM |
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What does the WMM say about individual differences |
Fails to explain I.differences in capacity and functioning |
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What did Sebastian and grenades-Gil (2012) do? |
Looked at developmental pattern of didget span in Spanish population |
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What is the classic study |
Baddeley WMM |
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What is the contemporary study |
Sebastian and Hernandez-gil |
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What is meant by triangulation |
Multiple research methods and looks at data for similar results |
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Cross case analysis |
Comparing different results from different studies to find themes |
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Digest span strengths |
•reliable as its a large group of participants, but is only generalisable to Spanish pop •reliability-good- carful controls and standardised procedure •Eco validity good as it was carried out at their break |
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Diget span weaknesses |
•word length effect •mundane realism-phonological loop normally measures sentences not numbers •excluded people with reading or language impairments so good as it doesn't effect results but means it's not generalisable to all he pop |
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Things that show reliability of EWT |
•msm ltm rehearsal •I.differences superior autobiographical memory •FLASH BULB MEMORY deeply processed if it means something to you •Peterson and Peterson- duration 28 secs- do it quickly |
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Things that show reliability of EWT |
•msm ltm rehearsal •I.differences superior autobiographical memory •FLASH BULB MEMORY deeply processed if it means something to you •Peterson and Peterson- duration 28 secs- do it quickly |
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Unreliability of EWT |
•reconstructive memory- schemata perception confabulation and rationalisation •msm- trace decay •WMM phonological loop short duration |
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Things that show reliability of EWT |
•msm ltm rehearsal •I.differences superior autobiographical memory •FLASH BULB MEMORY deeply processed if it means something to you •Peterson and Peterson- duration 28 secs- do it quickly |
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Unreliability of EWT |
•reconstructive memory- schemata perception confabulation and rationalisation •msm- trace decay •WMM phonological loop short duration •weapon focus-Mitchell et al |
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How can you improve the reliability of EWT |
Take them back to the scene of the crime Take testimony asap Don't allow witnesses to talk to each other Don't ask leading questions Use cognitive interview technique |
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Describe the cognitive interview technique |
1- report everything 2-report from different perspectives 3-recall in different orders 4-recreate context |
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What did gieselman et al do? |
Found cognitive interview technique was 40% more effective than standard police interviewed |
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Disadvantages of cognitive interview technique |
Time consuming Need competent officers Difficult to administer to vulnerable officers Difficult for smaller crimes such as theft |
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Extraneous variables |
Back (Definition) |
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Confounding variables |
A variable that effects the findings of a study directly so you are no longer measuring the DV |
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2 types of internal validity |
Construct-how well the measure of behaviour being used is a useful indicator of what is supposed to be studied ie intelligence Predicive- the extent a performance in a measure can predict a future performance |
