Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Repression
|
Unconscious forgetting
|
|
Confabulation
|
Filling in gaps in memory by combining and substituting memories from other events
|
|
Misinformation effect
|
Incorporating misleading info in to our memory of an event
|
|
Misattribution Error
|
Forgetting what happened or distorting a memory
|
|
Metacognition
|
Thinking about how we think
|
|
Algorithm
|
Problem-solving strategy that involves a slow, step-step procedure
|
|
Heuristics
|
Mental shortcuts to solve most problems
|
|
Insight
|
Sudden realization of the solution to a problem
|
|
Trial & Error
|
Trying solutions and discarding ones that don’t work
|
|
Inductive Reasoning
|
Involves reasoning from the specific to the general, forming concepts
|
|
Deductive Reasoning
|
Involves reasoning from the general to the specific
|
|
Fixation
|
Inability to look at a problem from a fresh perspective, using a prior strategy
|
|
Mental Set
|
Tendency to approach a problem in the same way that was successful before
|
|
Functional Fixedness
|
Failure to use an object in an unusual way
|
|
Availability heuristic
|
Estimating the probability of certain events in terms of how readily they come to mind
|
|
Representative Heuristic
|
Mental shortcut by which a new situation is judged by how well it matches a stereotypical model
|
|
Framing
|
Refers to the way a problem is set up
|
|
Anchoring Effect
|
Tendency to be influenced by a suggested reference point
|
|
Confirmation Bias
|
Tendency to search for and use info that supports our preconceptions
|
|
Belief Perseverance
|
Tendency to hold on to a belief after the basis is discredited
|
|
Belief Bias
|
Tendency for our preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning
|
|
Hindsight Bias
|
Tendency to falsely report that you correctly predicted the outcome of an event
|
|
Over-confidence bias
|
Tendency to underestimate the extent to which our judgments are erroneous
|
|
Creativity
|
Ability to think about a problem or idea in new and unusual ways
|
|
Convergent thinkers
|
Use problem solving strategies directed toward one correct solution
|
|
Divergent thinkers
|
Produce many answers to the same question
|
|
Brainstorm
|
Generating lots of idea without evaluating
|
|
Language
|
Flexible system of spoken, written or signed symbols that enables us to communicate our thoughts/feelings
|
|
Phonemes
|
Basic units of sound
|
|
Morphemes
|
Smallest meaningful units of speech
|
|
Grammar
|
System of rules for a language
|
|
Syntax
|
Set of rules that regulates the order of words
|
|
Semantics
|
Set of rules that enables you to derive meaning from morphemes/words
|
|
Babbling
|
Production of phonemes
|
|
Holophrase
|
Use of one word to convey meaning
|
|
Telegraphic Speech
|
Characterized by the use of a verb and noun
|
|
Overgeneralization
|
Children apply grammatical rules without making appropriate exceptions
|
|
Critical Period
|
Age/time when most of learning is done
|
|
Linguistic relativity
|
Hypothesis that language determines what we can perceive
|