Cog Chap11

Front 1

is a system of communication using sounds or symbols that enables us to express our feelings, thoughts, ideas, and experiences.

Back 1

Language

Front 2

that these components can be arranged in certain ways, but not in other ways

Back 2

Rule-based nature of language

Front 3

the field concerned with the psychological study of language.

Back 3

Psycholinguistics

Front 4

means that it consists of a series of small components that can be combined to form larger units. (Ex: words can be combined to create phrases, which in turn can create sentences, which themselves can become components of a story.)

Back 4

Hierarchical nature of language

Front 5

Four major concerns

Back 5

Comprehension, Representation, Speech Production and Acquisition

Front 6

How do people understand spoken and written language?

Back 6

Comprehension

Front 7

How is language represented in the mind?

Back 7

Representation

Front 8

How do people produce language?

Back 8

Speech production.

Front 9

all of the words we know, which has also been called our “mental dictionary.”

Back 9

Lexicon

Front 10

the meaning of language.

Back 10

Semantics

Front 11

meaning of words.

Back 11

Lexical semantics

Front 12

with which a word appears in a language

Back 12

Word Frequency

Front 13

to the fact that we respond more rapidly to high-frequency words like home than to low-frequency words like hike

Back 13

Word Frequency Effect

Front 14

in which the task is to decide as quickly as possible whether strings of letters are words or nonwords

Back 14

Lexical decision task

Front 15

the perception of individual words even though there are often no pauses between words.

Back 15

Speech segmentation

Front 16

words can often have more than one meaning.

Back 16

Lexical Ambiguity

Front 17

is priming that involves the meaning of words. It occurs when a word is followed by another word with a similar meaning

Back 17

Lexical priming

Front 18

the structure of a sentence

Back 18

Syntax

Front 19

how meaning is created by the grouping of words into phrases.

Back 19

Parsing

Front 20

Sentences like this one, which begin appearing to mean one thing but then end up meaning something else.

Back 20

Garden Path Sentences

Front 21

One of the early proposals to explain parsing, and garden path sentences in particular.

Back 21

Garden Path Model of Parsing

Front 22

States that as people read a sentence, their grouping of words into phrases is governed by a number of processing mechanisms.

Back 22

Heuristics

Front 23

The idea that information in addition to syntax participates in processing as a person reads or hears a sentence.

Back 23

Constraint-based Approach to Parsing

Front 24

which involves determining how information in a scene can influence how a sentence is processed

Back 24

Visual world paradigm

Front 25

The construction is the embedded clause is called embedded, because who spotted the reporter is inside the main clause. The senator is the subject of both the main clause and the embedded clause.

Back 25

Subject-relative Construction

Front 26

The construction is the senator is the subject of the main clause, as before, and is also replaced by who in the embedded clause, but is the object in this clause. The senator is the object because he is the target who wasspotted. (The reporter is the subject of this clause, because he did the spotting.)

Back 26

Object-relative Construction

Front 27

determining what the text means by using our knowledge to go beyond the information provided by the text.

Back 27

Inferences

Front 28

the representation of the text in a person’s mind that creates clear relations between parts of the text and between parts of the text and the main topic of the story.

Back 28

Coherence

Front 29

inference that involves inferring that both shes in the second sentence refer to Riffifi

Back 29

Anaphoric inference

Front 30

This approach to how we understand sentences proposes that as people read or hear a story. simulates the perceptual and motor (movement) characteristics of the objects and actions in a story

Back 30

Situation Model

Front 31

states that a speaker should construct sentences

Back 31

Given–new contract

Front 32

A task in which two people are exchanging information in a conver-sation, when this information involves reference— identifying something by naming or de-scribing it

Back 32

Referential communication task

Front 33

synchronization between the two partners

Back 33

Entrainment

Front 34

Consider how conversational partners can end up coordinating their grammatical constructions.

Back 34

Syntactic Coordination

Front 35

hearing a statement with a particular syntactic construction increases the chances that a sentence will be produced with the same construction.

Back 35

Syntactic priming

Front 36

the pattern of intonation and rhythm in spoken language

Back 36

Prosody

Front 37

How the notes of a melody are organized around the note associated with the composition’s key.

Back 37

Tonic

Front 38

Patients who are born having problems with music perception have severe problems with tasks such asdiscriminating between simple melodies or recognizing common tunes. Yet these individuals often have normal language abilities

Back 38

Congenital Amusia