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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a Reversible figure? |
drawing has 2 different interpretations |
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What is a perceptual set? |
Readiness to perceive stimulus in a particular way? |
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What is bottom up processing? |
Detect features - combine - form perception |
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What is top down processing? |
use prior knowledge - select features - form perception |
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What is feature analysis the process of? |
Detecting elements assembling into more complex form |
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What is visual agnosia? |
Problems assembling elements into a whole |
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What form of processing is it when you start with individual elements and proceed to a whole? |
Bottom up |
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What form of processing is it when you start with a whole and proceed to specific elements? |
Top down |
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What did Johnston and McClelland find in their study regarding top down and bottom up ? |
top down was superior to bottom up in this study |
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What are subjective contours? |
Contours perceived but not present |
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What is the top down view for subjective contours? |
Viewed as whole, blanks filled in |
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What is the bottom up view for subjective contours? |
Feature detectors respond to edges in stimuli |
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What are the 2 stages in object perception? and what do they mean? |
Preattentive stage: no conscious effort involved (bottom up) Focused attention: conscious effort involved (top down) |
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What is the central idea of the Gestalt Principle? |
whole can be greater than the sum of parts |
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Is the gestalt more of a top down or bottom up approach? |
Top down |
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What do the Gestalt principles describe? |
How the visual system organises a scene into discrete form |
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What is Figure & Ground? |
Distinguish objects from their background displays |
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What are some of the Gestalt Principles? |
Proximity: closeness Similarity: similar and likely to be grouped Continuity: if connected form straight/curved lines Simplicity: resulting structure simple Closure: Grouped to achieve closure Common Region: share common region Connectedness: Linked together |
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What is the distal stimulus? |
object being looked at |
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What is the proximal stimulus? |
Images formed by light patterns on retinas |
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What is the perceptual hypothesis? |
educated guess about what is out there influenced by expectations |
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What is perceiving depth and distance?
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Interpreting visual cues indicating how near or far objects are |
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What are the two types on cues? |
Binocular (2 eyes) monocular (1 eye) |
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What is the retinal disparity for binocular depth cues? |
closer than 25 feet |
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What is the convergence for binocular depth cues? |
sensing eyes converging when they focus on close objects |
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What is Motion Parallax? |
objects at different distances move across retina at different rates |
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What are the 8 pictorial depth cues used for? |
Used to create perception of depth |
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what are the 8 pictorial depth cues? |
Linear perspective Texture gradient interpositon relative size height in plane light & shadow familiar size aerial perspective |
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What did Hudson find regarding pictorial cues? |
people need experience in order to distinguish differences |
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What is perceptual constancy in vision? |
We view objects as having stable size, shape, etc |
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What is an Illusion? |
Difference between appearance of visual stimulus and its reality |
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What is Muller Lyer illusion? |
2 vertical lines of equal length, 1 looks longer |
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What is Ponzo Illusion? |
2 horizontal lines of equal length, higher seems longer |
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What is Moon illusion? |
Full moon appears smaller when its overhead opposed to near horizon |
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What are impossible figures? |
Represented in 2D could never exist in 3D |
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What do illusions formulate hypotheses about? |
What is out there Illusions occur when hypothesis are wrong |
