Cog 1 - What Is Cognition - Et

Front 1

What is the activity of acquiring, organising and using information to enable adaptive, goal-directed behaviour?

Back 1

Cognition

it can also be defined as the Study of Information Processing

Front 2

A conceptual structure of behavioural relevant aspects of the environment that enables the organism to recognise objects and events and to respond adaptively to them based on knowledge acquired from past experience is called?

Back 2

A mental model of the world

Front 3

What are aspects of the computational metaphor of cognition?

Back 3

Cognition as a flow of information through processing devises that encode, store and retrieve symbolic representations of knowledge
- Brain is hardware
- mind is software (programmable)

Front 4

What model of memory is similar to the classical information processing model of cognition?

Back 4

Atkinson and Shiffron's

Front 5

How would you describe the Classical view of cognition?

Back 5

It's focus is on pure, disembodied, thought processes that are expressed in a symbolic "language of thought" or "mentalese".
The mind is a rule-following device, analogous to a digital computer, where thoughts are represented in a "physical symbol system".

Front 6

How would the Classical Cognition model consider spoken language?

Back 6

Natural language (speech or written) serves to activate complexes of internal states. The spoken language is a translation of abstract mental states into a publically expressible format.

Front 7

The symbolic code to express the meaning underlying a particular relationship among concepts.

Back 7

Propositional Representations.
They are a building block for mental models of knowledge and comprehension processes.

Front 8

Propositions are composed of...?

Back 8

A Predicate and a number of arguments (or semantic elements)
Predicate: (verb) expresses the relationship between the elements
Arguments: represent the subject and object of the sentence
Propositions can be combined to represent more complex relationships

Front 9

What is one of the strongest reasons why classical cognition has been questioned as a valid model?

Back 9

Because it does not account for how symbols are learned, and how basic perceptual and motor interactions with the world are translated into symbolic representations.

Front 10

What does 'grounded' mean?

Back 10

Our conceptual knowledge must be grounded in our bodily interactions with the world and our perceptions. Cognition must also be grounded in developmental, bodily (sensory-motor) and social interactions.

Front 11

What does analogue representations mean?

Back 11

That some of our cognitive processes are carried out using representations that are based on images that are analogous to the thing they represent. We literally manipulate images in our mind just as we would if they were physically available to move.

Front 12

What does Situated, Dynamic, Embodied Cognition mean?

Back 12

Dynamic: unfolds over time and cognition is inseparable from sensing, thinking, acting
Situated: cognition is not just operations inside the head, but involves interactions with the world
Embodied: Perceptual activity provides information about the environment and perceiver; about the self in relation to the world; and abstract thoughts are grounded in physical analogs.

Front 13

What is the Turing Test?

Back 13

The idea that if we pitted the questions to a machine and a human and if the answers are indistinguishable from the human it passed the test.

Front 14

Is there an acceptance that the mind computes information?

Back 14

Yes
But there is debate as to how it does that.

Front 15

The way we store concepts and ideas in the mind is called?

Back 15

Mental representation (in the mind)

Front 16

Is Watson the computer a cognitive agent?

Back 16

Not sure.
Seems to meet the 4 criteria
1. Sense/act on environment
2. Detect changes in the environment
3. Construct mental models of the causal structure
4. Mental models guide and adapt behaviour

Front 17

Thought processes that reflect mental manipulation of symbols according to syntactic rules to produce an output is called?

Back 17

Physical Symbol Systems

Front 18

What is an algorithm?

Back 18

A set of steps to produce an outcome

Front 19

What is the name for notating meaning in symbolic representations?

Back 19

Predicate Calculus

Front 20

Whose experiment has a classical view of semantic knowledge where concepts are coded in propositional form expressing relationships?

Back 20

Collins and Quillan (1969) model of the organisation of conceptual knowledge in the semantic memory system.

Front 21

Which experiment showed that not all cognitive processes are carried out using if, then processes?

Back 21

Shepard and Metzler (1971). They showed some cognitive processes are based on images analogous to the thing they represent and we manipulate these in our mind.

Front 22

When you think about the concept 'big', it has meaning only in relation to 'small' and both concepts are defined relative to which cognitive models?
A. Classical and Dynamic
B. Dynamic and Situated
C. Embodied and Situated
D. Embodied and Dynamic

Back 22

C. Embodied and Situated

Front 23

Which of the following is incorrect
A. Cognition develops
B. Cognition is socially situated
C. Cognition is influenced by our emotions
D. Cognition is separable from sensing, thinking, acting

Back 23

D. Cognition is separable from sensing, thinking, acting

Cognition is inseparable from sensing, thinking, acting

Front 24

Rodney Brooks developed models that were built from the
A. top down
B. Bottom up

Back 24

Rodney Brooks built cognition from the ground up

Front 25

how do Rodney Brook's mobots work?

Back 25

They sense their world and adapt to changes in their environment.

Front 26

How does Leonardo learn?

Back 26

He picks up the emotional cues from other people.
The novel object is appraised with socially communicated affective information and committed to long-term memory.

Front 27

What sits between a basic mental image and a higher level symbolic representation?

Back 27

A schema
A mental model of how something works

Front 28

Image schemas are:
A. Experientially basic to embodied human experience
B. Non-linguistic
C. Primarily spatial in nature
D. All of the above

Back 28

D. All of the above

Front 29

Johnson and Lakoff (1987) proposed that the concepts of 'in' and 'out' were...?

Back 29

Containment schema

Front 30

How are image schema used in grounding symbols?

Back 30

They provide grounding to understand and describe non-spatial concepts and experiences

Front 31

Using the containment schema of 'out', which of the following uses schema metaphorically?
A. Leave out that big log from the stack of firewood
B. I don't want to leave any relevant data out of the lecture
C. She finally came out of her depression

Back 31

B and C.
It is using something as a metaphor to not wanting to leave something out spatially and at the feeling level.
It is more abstract.