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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the other 2 names for Vitamin B3?
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Niacin AND Nicotinic Acid
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Niacin (vitamin B3) is a precursor for what electron carriers?
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NAD+ AND NADP+
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in what type of reaction, is Biotin a cofactor?
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Carboxylation. Biotin serves as a CO2 carrier.
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what does Biotin bind to?
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to lysine residues in a number of enzymes
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What's a component of coenzyme A?
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pantothenic acid
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What is the key role of folic acid?
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plays key role in one-carbon metabolism
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To what tail does folic acid usually attached to?
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to a polyglutamate tail
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What inhibits the synthesis of folic acid in microorganisms?
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sulfanilamide
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What inhibits the synthesis of folic acid in both humans and microorganisms?
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methotrexate
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What makes folic acid?
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pteridine precursor + PABA
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Why do we need folic acid for?
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amino acid synthesis, purine synthesis, and thymidine synthesis
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Is folate deficiency the most common vitamin deficiency in the US? What population?
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Yes, women and alcoholics
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Deficiency of folate can cause?
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megaloblastic anemia
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What causes megaloblastic anemia?
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a reduction in purine and pyrimidine synthesis
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What's recommended dosage of folate for women of childbearing age?
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0.4 mg
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What can mask vitamin B12 deficiency?
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Too much folate
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Can vitamin B12 deficiency cause severe neurological problems?
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Yes
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What's another name for vitamin B12?
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Cobalamin
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vitamin B12 is essential for 2 reactions, which are?
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Synthesis of methionine AND Isomerization of methylmalonylCoA
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What makes vitamin B12?
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microorganisms, not in plants
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Is deficiency of vitamin B12 common?
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No, it's usually rare as it is abundant in many foods
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What can result from not be able to absorb vitamin B12?
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pernicious anemia
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What's another name for vitamin B6?
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Pyridoxine
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What are noncoenzyme vitamins?
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C,A,D,E,K
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What's another name for vitamin C?
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absorbic acid
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What's the function of vitamin A?
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roles in vision, growth, reproduction
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What's the function of vitamin C?
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anitoxidant
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What's the function of vitamin D?
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regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism
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What's the function of vitamin E?
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anitoxidant
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What's the function of vitamin K?
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blood coagulation
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What are 3 therapeutic agents of retinoids?
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treatment of psoriasis, treatment of promyelocytic leukemia, AND treatment of severe acne
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Is vitamin C fat soluble?
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No,it's water soluble.
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What can lack of sunlinght cause in children and adults?
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demineralization of the bone; Rickets in children AND osteomalacia in adults
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Vitamin D: what is transported from the skin to the liver?
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cholecalciferol
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What's cholecalciferol converted to in the liver ?
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25-OH D3
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What's the main storage of vitamin D in the body?
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25-OH D3 in the liver
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What's 25-OH D3 converted to in the kidneys?
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1,25 diOH D3
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What enzyme converts 25OH D3 in the kidneys?
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25 hydroxycalciferol 1 hydroxylase
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What activates 25 hydroxycalciferol 1 hydroxylase in the kidneys?
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low plasma phosphate and indirectly by low plasma calcium
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What hormone does low plasma calcium stimulates?
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the release of parathyroid hormone PTH
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What does excess of vitamin E causes?
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cardiovasuclar disease
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Is vitamin E an important antioxidant?
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Yes
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What is vitamin K derivative of?
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a quinone found in vegetables
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what synthesized vitamin K?
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gut bacteria
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What is vitamin K essential for?
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gamma -carboxylation of coagulation factors
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What coagulation factors does vitamin K is essential for?
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7, 9, 10 prothrombin
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Is vitamin K an anticoagulant?
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no
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What inhibits vitamin K ?
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anticoagulants of the warfarin family which inhibits the carboxylation reaction
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