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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does coagulase negative staphylococcus tend to infect?
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Intravascular devices
Central venous catheters Wounds after cardiothoracic surgery |
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What are the two most clinically significant types of coagulase negative staphylococcus?
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Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
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Where can Staphylococcus epidermidis be normally found?
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Skin
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What is coagulase negative staphylococcus often associated with?
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Foreign body
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What are the signs that a prosthetic heart valve is infected?
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Fever
New murmur Instability of the prosthesis Signs of embolization |
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What are the symptoms and signs of arterial emboli?
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pain
paresthesias coolness of affected extremity pale, mottled, cyanotic limb decreased or absent pulses |
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What conditions are associated with arterial emboli?
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arrhythmia
myocardial infarction valvular disease prosthetic valve atherosclerosis |
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How is an arterial emboli confirmed?
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Angiography
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What factors make infection with coagulase negative staphylococcus more likely as opposed to a contaminent?
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Patient has a foreign body or an intravascular device in place
Same strain is isolated from two or more blood cultures and from the foreign body site |
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What factors make contamination with coagulase negative staphylococcus more likely as opposed to an infection?
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Only a single blood culture is positive
More than 1 strain is isolated from blood cultures |
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How can one determine whether multiple strains of coagulase negative staphylococcus have been isolated?
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Antimicrobial susceptibility
Speciation |
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What are the mainstays of treament for Staphylococcus epidermidis?
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Removal or the foreign body or intravascular device
treatment with antibiotics |
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What antibiotic are used to treat Staphylococcus epidermidis if it is not oxacillin resistant?
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penicillin
amoxicillin |
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What antibiotic is used to treat Staphylococcus epidermidis if it IS resistant to oxacillin?
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Vancomycin
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What is the duration of antibiotic therapy for a bone or prosthetic valve infection caused by coagulase negative staphylococcus?
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6 weeks
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What antibiotics are used to treat prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis? methicillin-resistant strains of
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Combo of:
Vancomycin, rifampin, and gentamicin |
