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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What determines the severity and distribution of a congenital malformation due to teratogenic insult?
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Timing of the insult - the earlier it occurs, the more widespread and more severe the malformation will be.
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What is the critical period of gestation in terms of teratogenic insults?
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First 6 weeks
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What are the major changes seen in a developing embryo in the first 2 weeks of gestation?
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-Zygote
-Morula -Blastula -3 germ layers form |
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What will be the effects of a teratogenic insult during the first 2 weeks of embryogenesis?
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-Death of the embryo
-Craniorachischisis |
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What are the 3 important changes in the embryo during the 3/4th weeks?
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-Neural tube formation
-Anterior pore closure -Posterior pore closure |
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What are 8 congenital defects that can occur via teratogenic insult during weeks 3-4 of gestation?
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MARESCAD
-Meningomyelocele -Anencephaly -Rachischisis -Encephalocele -Spina bifida -Cranium bifidum -Arnold chiari malformation -Dandy-walker malformation |
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What are the 3 important changes in the embryo during the 5-6th weeks?
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-Development of face/forebrain
-Differentiation of prosencephaly into olfactory tracts, optic vesicles, telenceph and diencephalon -Telenceph cleaves into central hemispheres |
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What are 2 congenital defects that will result from teratogenic insult in weeks 5-6?
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-Faciotelencephalic malformation
-Holoprosencephaly |
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What major developmental process occurs during the 6th week - 4th month?
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Neuronal and glial proliferation and migration
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What are 6 congenital defects that will result from teratogenic insult between the 6th week and 4 mo?
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-Microcephaly
-Megalencephaly -Lissencephaly -Pachygyria -Polymicrogyria -Heterotopia |
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What 2 major developmental changes occur in the brain during the 5th month?
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-Glial differentiation
-Primary sulci appear |
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What 2 congenital defects will result from teratogenic insult in the 5th month?
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-Porencephaly
-Hydranencephaly |
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What major developmental changes occur in the brain during the 5th month?
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Neuronal organization and architectonics
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What 3 congenital defects will result from teratogenic insult in the 5th month?
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-Down's syndrome
-Hypothyroidism -Phenylketonuria |
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When do the secondary sulci appear on the brain?
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Months 7-9
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