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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Structure of amphetamines
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like catecholamines but more lipid soluble for faster BBB penetrance
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Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism for amphetamines
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Orals absorbed
Long acting Degraded in the liver with partial kidney excretion |
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How to increase rate of elimination of amphetamines
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Acidify the urine with NH4Cl
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Amphetamines mechanism of action
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releases vesicles of NE, DA and 5-HT
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Rebound effects of amphetamines
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Depression, hypersomnia
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Tx of high dose amphetamines
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nitroprusside or alpha blocker for BP and sedatives
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New alternative to amphetamines for treatment of hypersomnia
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Modafinil
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Modafinil
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alternative to amphets for tx of hypersomnia
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Orlistat
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Pancreatice lipase inhibitor for tx of obesity
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Pancreatic lipase inhibitor
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Orlistat
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Sibutramine
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NE & SRI
enhance satiety and themogenesis Side Effect restrict tx to BMI>30 |
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Methylphenidate
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Ritalin
Tx for ADHD related to amphetamines |
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Cocaine
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DA, NE and 5HT reuptake inhibitor
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Treat cocaine psychosis
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neuroepileptics or diazepam for psychosis and convulsions.
Does not treat peripheral symptoms like dysrhythmia |
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Three main CNS effects of theophylline and caffeine
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1) increased alterness
2) respiratory stimulation 3) convulsion at high dose |
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main mechanism of action of theophylline at normal doses
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adenosine inhibitor
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Uses for methylxanthines
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primary apnea of prematurity
asthma |
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GI and cardiac effects of nicotine
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Increased GI motility
tachycardia BP elevation |
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Type of dependence nictonine produces
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Phsychological
Physical is very mild (increased apeptite) |
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How to treat nicotine overdose
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gastric lavage and activated charcoal
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Half life of nicotine
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2 hours
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Serotonin and NE regulate which factor?
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Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)
A DNA modulated increase, which accounts for delay in efficacy. |
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TCA's
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amitriptyline nortriptyline
impiramine despipramine |
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Side Effects at normal doses for TCA's
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sedation
insomnia fine tremor |
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Side Effects at high doses of TCA in those susceptible
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Mania (bipolar)
Seizure (epileptics) Toxic psychosis at very high dose |
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Peripheral side effects of TCA's
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like antipsychotics
Orthostasis Quinidine like cardiac effects Anti-ACh effects Weight gain |
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Anti-depressent dosing recommendations
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Lethal at 10-20 times daily dose
Only prescribe 1 week at a time |
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Alternative uses for TCA's
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chronic pain
REM sleep supression OCD (clomipramine) |
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Clomipramine
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TCA used for OCD
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Used for OCD
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Clomipramine
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Prototype SSRI
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Fluoxetine
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SSRI's
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Fluoxetine
Sertraline Fluvoxamine Paroxetine |
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Diference between SSRI's and TCA's
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no alpha, H or muscarinic activity, so none of the common side effects with TCA's
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Common side effects of SSRI's
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nausea, insomina and sexual side effects
Serotonin syndrome |
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Buproprion
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Stimulant, atypical AD
Helps to quit smoking High risk of seizure |
