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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most common parasitic infection of the CNS
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Toxoplasmosis
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Toxoplasmosis gondii - sxs
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General sxs
Retroperitoneal & mesenteric lymphadenopaty Chorioretnitis Asxic - in immunocompetant ind |
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Forms of Toxoplasmosis gondii
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Tachzyoites, Cysts in tissue, Sporulated and unsporulated oocyts
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Naegleria fowleri
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inhabits warm waters --> infects in summer swimming (enters thru nose --> thru olfactory nerve --> crosses cribiform --> enters SA --> CNS)
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Primary amebic meningoencephalitis
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Naegleria fowleri
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Naegleria fowleri - pathophys
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Highly phagocytic - eats RBCs and brin tissue --> severe hemorrhagic necrosis
Amebostome: food cup - secretes lysosomal hydrolases & phospholipases Avoids immune system w/ heat stabile hemolytic protein, heat-labile cytolysin, phospholipase A, cysteine protease |
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Naegleria fowleria - Sxs
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**Indistinguishable from bacterial meningitis (occurs 2-5 days after exposure)
Sxs are abrupt - HA, fever, stiff neck , anorexia, vomiting, alt mental status, seizures, coma |
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Naegleria fowleria - Dxs
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CSF - inc. protein, wbc (neutrophil predom.), rbc (hemorrhagic)
Wet mount + for motile trophozoites |
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Naegleria fowleria - Dxs - DM
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Hyponatremia
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Trypanosomiasis - African Sleeping Sickness
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Acute blood stage infxn --> trypanosomes blood-brain barrier --> meningoencephalitis --> Relapses occur*** due to ag variation
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African sleeping sickness sxs
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Personality: apathy
Motor: tics, slurred speech Changes in sleep patterns: fatigue during the day, agitation during night |
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Taenia solium - pathogenesis
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larvae migrate thru bloodstream to brain --> develop into cyst-like structures --> Neurocystercosis
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Taenia solium - Avoidance of the immune system
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1. Blood-brain barrier
2. Cysts are able to degrade ab 3. Protein signals that inh phagocytosis |
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Taenia solium - Manifestations
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seizures --> brain tissues
altered mental states --> brain cavities - block flow of csf |
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Echinococcus granulosus
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Hydatid cysts - golf balls (mode of infxn)
Protoscolices - each capable of developing into a cysts Slowly enlarging |
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Echinococcus multilocularis
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Alveolar hydatid cysts - more aggressive that hydatid cysts, reproduces asexually by lateral budding
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Difference between echino multi and granulosus
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multi - spreads
granulosa - balls |
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MCC of human eosinophilic meningitis
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Angiostrongylus cantonensis
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Angiostrongylus cantonensis - sxs
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severe HA, n/v, neck stiffness, seizures (like encephalitis, meningitis), ocular invasion
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Angiostrongylus cantonensis - dxs
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elevated pressure, protein levels
eosinophilia |
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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encapsulated yeast like fungus - prominent capsule
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Most common clinical form of cryptococcus
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meningoencephalitis
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Cryptococcus neoformans - virulence
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1. polysaccharide capsule
2. grows at body temp 3. phenol oxidase enzyme (prevents oxidative stress, prevents formation of toxic hydroxy radicals) |
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Cryptococcal ag
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changes osmolality affecting flow and adsorption --> HA, vision loss, early death
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Coccidiodes immitis
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Causes rash
Chronic granulomatous meningitis - basilar meninges Cerebral & cerebellar abscesses |
