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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alzheimers Disease
Symptoms? Pathology? |
Symptoms:
-gradual memory loss with visual-spatial problems -deterioration of cognitive function, memory, language, personality, perception. Pathology: -cortical atrophy -hydrocephalus ex vacuo -neuritic plaques -neurofibrillary tangles in: hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebral cortex -neurofibrillary tangles are: flame shaped structures in cytoplasm made up of hyperphosphorylated tau protein -neuritic plaques |
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What are neurofibrillary tangles?
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-neurofibrillary tangles are: flame shaped structures in cytoplasm made up of hyperphosphorylated tau protein
-strongly correlated to dementia |
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What are neuritic plaques?
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-neuritic plaques are abnormal axon terminal and dendrites that surround an amyloid core.
-strongly correlated to dementia |
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What is an amyloid core?
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An amyloid core is an amyloid beta peptide aggregate. The amyloid peptide is a fragment from an abnormally cleaved protein that is naturally found in many cell membranes.
-beta amyloids aggregate and cause damage to parenchyma. |
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What is a Pick body?
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Found in Pick's disease
-round inclusions that contain tau |
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Parkinson's Disease
Characteristics? Pathology? |
-Movement disorder that involves the substantia nigra (compact part) and the locus ceruleus.
-Parkinson's with dementia: Lewy bodies in cerebral cortex. Pathology: -Pale substantia nigra -Lewy body |
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What is a Lewy body?
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A Lewy Body is a eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion found in the remaining pigmented neurons of the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus.
-Lewy bodies contain alpha synuclein and ubiquitin proteins. |
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Characteristics? Pathology? |
ALS is characterized by selective loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, cranial nuclei, and brain stem.
-Causes profound weakness, dysarthria and dysphagia. -respiratory failure often results Pathology: -Accumulation of neurofilaments in distended proximal axons -Pale tracts in ventral horn, hypoglossal nuclei -Macs, gemistocytic astrocytes, no inflammatory cells |
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Spongiform Encephaolopathy
Characteristics? Pathology? |
Characteristics:
-inherited -spontaneous -transmissible -abnormal prion protein beta pleated sheet Pathology: Requires immunocytochemical methods for DX. -Vacuoles in CNS except for fatal familial insomnia -Creutzfelt Jakob Disease: Triphasic EEG, rapid progression, gliosis and spongiform degeneration. |
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New Variant CJD
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Characteristics:
-Younger population -prominent psych -cerebellar signs are prominent -longer duration Pathology: -amyloid plaques -spongiform and diffuse amyloid plaques -Do not see neuritic processes Consumption of infected BSE meat |
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Huntington Disease
Characteristics? Pathology? |
Characteristics:
-Abnormal expansion of CAG repeats on chromosome four leading to increased intracellular proteins -Frontal lobe atrophy -caudate degeneration -decreased putamen activity -increased lateral ventricles Histology: -Increased cellularity, most neurons die -astrocyte proliferation -fibrillary processes |
