Cns Non Pharm

Front 1

Hemiballismus

Back 1

lesion of the subthalamic nuclei
loss of inhibition to the contralateral side -

Front 2

Neurofibrillary Tangles

Back 2

Flame cells and pairehd helical filaments
Abnormal phosphorylation of Tau protein (microtubule associated protein) excessive phosphorylation makes it insoluble.
Found in Supranuclear opthalmoplegia
Alzheimers
Creutzfeuld Jakob

Front 3

Flexner Wintersteiner Rosettes

Back 3

Retinoblastoma
Cr 13

Front 4

timolol

Back 4

open angle glaucoma works in 1 or 2 hours
Beta blocker reduces aqueous humor production

Front 5

PICA syndrome

Back 5

Lateral Medullary Syndrome
Deficit in pain and temp sensation in contralateral body.
Ipsilateral dysphagia, hoarseness, diminished gag reflex
vertigo, diplopia, nystagmus, vomtiting
Ipsilateral horner syndrome (disruption of descending sym fibers)
ipsilateral loss of P+T on face (spinal tract and nuc of 5)

Front 6

AICA occlusion

Back 6

Lateral inferior pontine syndrome
Ipsilateral facial paralysis from lesion of facial nuc, ipsilat cochlear nuc leading to sensorineural deafness, vestibular involvement leading to nystagmus and spinal trigeminal involvement leading to ipsilateral P+T loss of face. Ipsilateral dystaxia from loss of middle and inferior cerebella peduncles.

Front 7

Anterior SPinal Occlusion

Back 7

Branch of vertebral
Medial Medullary syndrome
Contralat hemiparesis of lower extremity and trunk bc of corticospinal tract, medial leminiscus leads to diminished proprioception on contralat side, ipsilat paralysis of tongue.

Front 8

Posterior Cerebral Art Occlusion

Back 8

arises from term bifurcation of basilar art
Leads to homonymous hemaniopsia of the contralateral visual field with macular sparing

Front 9

Corneal Reflex

Back 9

Sensory afferent from V1
Motor efferent from 7 to shut the eye

Front 10

Pain and Temp sensation on tip of tongue

Back 10

V3-
V2 senses the upper palat.

Front 11

1st line for status epilepticus

Back 11

diazepam

Front 12

treament for bulimia

Back 12

fluoxetine

Front 13

Most common cause of MR

Back 13

FAS
cardiac septal defects as well

Front 14

Emboli to the brain

Back 14

MCA - contralat paralysis, motor an sensory deficit, aphasia
Smaller vessels - lacunar infarts

Front 15

Charcot Bouchard aneurysm rupture

Back 15

longstanding HTN,
basal ganglia, pons, frontal lobe, cerebellum,
other causes - coagulation d/o hemorrhage within tumor.

Front 16

Contralat hemiparesis of trunk and extremity
contral loss of proprioception
ipsilateral flaccid paralysis of tongue

Back 16

Ant spinal artery
Medial Medullary Syndrome

Front 17

Nystagmus, nausea, vomiting, vertigo
ipsilateral cerebella signs
loss of gag reflex, laryngeal,pharyngeal and palate paralysis, dysarthria, dysphagia, hoarseness.
Contral loss of P+T from trunk and extremity
Ipsilat loss of P+T from face
Ipsilat Horners

Back 17

PICA
Lateral Medullary syndrome

Front 18

Ipsilat Lateral Rectus paralysis
Contralat weakness of lower face
contral hemiparesis of trunk and extremity
Ipsilateral limb and gait ataxia
Contral loss of proprioception

Back 18

Occlusion of paramedian branches of the basilar art

Front 19

ipsilat facial nerve paralysis
unilat central nerve deafness
nystagmus, nausea vomiting and vertigo
ipsilat loss of P+T from face
Ipsilat limb and gait dystaxia
contralat loss of P+T from trunk and extremitites
Ipsilat Horners

Back 19

AICA syndrome
Lateral inferior pontine syndrome

Front 20

Locked in syndrome

Back 20

infarction of the base of the pons.
Loss of corticobulbar, and CST
quadriplegia and paralysis of lower cranial nerves.
can be a result of Central Pontine Myelinolysis

Front 21

Lateral inferior pontine syndrome
Ipsilateral facial paralysis from lesion of facial nuc, ipsilat cochlear nuc leading to sensorineural deafness, vestibular involvement leading to nystagmus and spinal trigeminal involvement leading to ipsilateral P+T loss of face. Ipsilateral dystaxia from loss of middle and inferior cerebella peduncles.

Back 21

AICA
Lateral pontine syndrome

Front 22

Deficit in pain and temp sensation in contralateral body.
Ipsilateral dysphagia, hoarseness, diminished gag reflex
vertigo, diplopia, nystagmus, vomtiting
Ipsilateral horner syndrome (disruption of descending sym fibers)
ipsilateral loss of P+T on face (spinal tract and nuc of 5)

Back 22

PICA
Lateral Medullary syndrome

Front 23

Parinaud Syndrome

Back 23

Compression of the superior colliculi and pretectal area of the dorsal midbrain - area that constains the vertical gaze centere. Pineal tumors can compress here and at the cerebral aqueduct leading to a noncomunicating hydrocephalus.

Paralyzed upwd gaze

Front 24

What comes out at the cerebellopontine angle

Back 24

VII and VIII

Front 25

Mitochondrial Enzyme abnormality
progressive intellectual deterioration, weakness, ataxia, sz

Back 25

Leigh Dz

Front 26

Ascending muscles weakness and paralysis

Back 26

Guillain Barre -
albuminocytic dissociation
(high albumin low cell count)

Front 27

AR
decr beta galactocerebrosidase

Back 27

loss of myelin from globoid cells and peripheral nerves
Yellow brown nerve stain

Front 28

Metachromic Leukodystrophy

Back 28

AR defect of arylsulfatse
progrssive paralysis and dementia
loss of myelin
Nerves stain yellow brown
ataxia.

Front 29

Cerebellar Abcess

Back 29

60% caused by otitis media

Front 30

Nodular proliferation of multinuc atypical astrocytes
angiomyolipoma of the kidney
SZ and MR beginning in infancy is characteristic

Back 30

Tuberous Sclerosis
Adenoma sebaceum
Autosomal Dominant

Front 31

Lacunar Strokes

Back 31

Infarction caused by obstruction of small vessels -bcm small pits upon healing

Front 32

Intracerebral hemorrhage vs Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Back 32

Intracerebral - most often caused by HTN leading to charcot bouchard aneurysms becoming sites of rupture.
SAH - ass with berry aneurysm rupture in circle of willis.
Also caused by AV malform, trauma

Front 33

Subfalcine cingulate herniation

Back 33

Can occlude the anterior cerebral artery

Front 34

Tonsillar Herniation

Back 34

Herniates into the foramen magnum
Can compress medulla leading to resp failure and death

Front 35

Uncal Herniation

Back 35

Can cause opthalmoplegia.
Characteristically affects peripheral parts of the nerve first which carry parasympathetic information.

Front 36

Where do CN 9 and 10 emerge from the brainstem

Back 36

They emerge from the post olivary sulcus

Front 37

cranial 5 exit

Back 37

comes out at ventrolateral surface of the pons

Front 38

Sciatic Nerve

Back 38

Exits via greater sciatic foramen below piriformis
Consists of tibial and common peroneal nerve

Front 39

Where is the CTZ found?

Back 39

Area Postrema - floor of the 4th ventricle.

Front 40

HiP adduction

Back 40

obturator nerve

Front 41

Hip abduction

Back 41

superior gluteal nerve

Front 42

Friedrich Ataxia

Back 42

triplet repeat dz
Children
Vit B12 def and Friedrich Ataxia -demyelination of dorsal columns, LCST, Spinocerebellar tract, ataxic gait, hyperreflexia, impaired proprioception.
Friedrichs -ataxia in lower extremity that spreads to upper extremity followed by paralysis and contracture.

Front 43

Werdnig Hoffman

Back 43

LMN lesion only. In anterior horn.
Die by age 2
# Fasciculations of the tongue
# Marked Hypotonia
# Difficulty breathing
# Poor feeding
# Weak cry
# Areflexive extremitie

Front 44

Holoprosencephaly

Back 44

arhinencephaly
absence of olfactory bulbs and tracts
Trisomy 13 - pataus
Extreme FAS (esp in first 4 wks of pregnancy.