Cns Malformation/perinatal Injury

Front 1

Malformations of the posterior fossa: Dandy-Walker malformation, Arnold-Chiari malformation, Arnold-Chiari II malformation, aqueductal stenosis and aqueductal atresia, Arnold-Chiari I malformation, colpocephaly

Back 1

...

Front 2

1. What are the 2 things that cause malformation?
2 Which trisomy corresponds with holoprosencephaly?
3. What about microcephaly, microgyria, and ageneis of the corpus collosum

Back 2

1 Genetics and environments
2. 13
3. 18

Front 3

1. Severe form of spina bifida in which an open defect at the back extends over many spinal segments
2. What to look for to check open neural tube defects?
3. Adequate intake of what reduces the risk of neural tube defect?

Back 3

1. Rachischisis
2. Alpha-fetoprotein in the maternal serum
3. Folate

Front 4

1. What are the 2 types of spina bifida cystica
2. Lumbar myelomeningocele and meningocele increase liklihood of what infection?
3. What is absent in lissencephaly?
4. What occurs in more than 1/2 of pts w/ polymicrogyria? (dx by?)

Back 4

1. Meningocele or myelomeningocele
2. Bacterial meningitis
3. Fissures and convolutions; agyria -- causes profound mental retardation
4. epilepsy (MRI)

Front 5

1. What presents w/ enlarged posterior fossa, cystically dilated 4th ventricle, and absent cerebellar vermis: Most common presenting sign is macrocephaly, ICP
2. What has The features 1) herniation of vermis, cerebellar tonsils, brainstem, and fourth ventricle through the foramen magnum and 2) a small posterior fossa. Myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus are usually present, as well.

Back 5

1. Dandy Walker syndrome
2. Arnold Chiari II

Front 6

1. What is marked dilation of central canal; sx depend on location in the neuroaxis?
2. What is a fluid-filled cavity within the spinal cord and outside the central canal. Neurologic manifestations arise from damage from the syrnix to gray and white matter of the spinal cord.

Back 6

1. Hydromyelia
2. Syringomyelia - can disrupt the spinothalamic tract

Front 7

1. With this condition, the spinal cord is split into halves, with each half surrounded by dura
2. Sx of 1 (if any?)

Back 7

1. Diastematomyelia
2. scoliosis and tethered spinal cord syndrome

Front 8

1. Most common cause of intraventricular hemorrhage inpremature infants? Due to stressors such as infection, inflammation, prematurity, low birth wt, hypoxia, and changes in brain perfusion pressure.
2. Location?
3. Structures damaged?

Back 8

1. Germinal matrix hemorrhage
2. Above the caudate nucleus, borders the lateral ventricle
3. thalamus and basal ganglia can cause hydrocephalus

Front 9

1. is the long-term result of infarction from ischemia or infection in supratentorial periventricular brain tissue. It usually is found in premature infants. The gross appearance results from white matter necrosis and calcification and glial scarring
2. Has evidence of more extensive infarctions, has liquefactive necrosis followed by resorption that leaves cystic spaces and enlarged ventricles

Back 9

Periventricular leukomalacia
2. Multicystic encephalopathy

both cause cerebral palsy, intellectual impairment and visual disturbances