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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List 3 causes of CNS infections:
(what is most common?) |
1. Hematogenous spread***
2. Nearby CNS infection; sinuses, otitis media. 3. Trauma, congenital, anatomic defects. |
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Which age group has the highest prevalance of bacterial meningitis?
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Neonates
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Why do neonates get meningitis?
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1. Inadequete BBB yet
2. Immune system 3. Vaginal canal passes it. |
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What 4 bugs cause neonatal meningitis?
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1. Beta strep group B
2. E. coli/other gnb 3. Listeria monocytogenes 4. Chyseobacterium meningosepticum |
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What 3 bugs cause meningitis in kids under 5?
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1. Haemophilus influenzae B
2. Strep pneumo 3. Neisseria meningitidis |
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What 2 bugs cause meningitis in adults/older kids?
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1. Neisseria meningitidis
2. Strep pneumo |
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What is more common to cause meningitis in older kids?
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Neisseria meningitidis - epidemic in crowded conditions.
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What 3 organisms may cause meningitis in immunosuppressed patients?
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1. Listeria monocytogenes
2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3. Nocardia |
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In what compromised patients would Listeria monocytog cause meningitis?
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-Lymphomas
-those on Steroids |
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In what compromised patients would P aeruginosa/Nocardia cause meningitis?
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Leukopenic
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What type of CNS infection do Anaerobes tend to cause?
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Brain abscess
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How do anaerobic brain abscesses tend to develop?
(2 ways) |
1. Spread from sinuses/otitis media.
2. Introduced by skull trauma |
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What 4 actions should be taken when processing CSF?
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1. STAT STAT STAT
2. DON'T REFRIGERATE 3. IF MUST HOLD, 37'C 4. CALL DOC IMMEDIATELY IF POSITIVE DIRECT SMEAR/GROWTH |
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What should be kept in mind re: prescribing drugs for meningitis/abscesses?
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Use drugs that cross the BBB.
e.g., Gentamicin. |
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What 2 infections are seen in bones and synovial fluid?
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1. Osteomyelitis
2. Septic arthritis |
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What specimen should be obtained for osteomyelitis?
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-Blood
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What specimen should be obtained for septic arthritis?
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-Synovial fluid
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How does osteomyelitis develop?
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-Hematogenous spread from another site - Staph aureus
-Contiguous from adjacent abscess/deep wound |
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What 3 bacteria cause Septic arthritis? What percentage?
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1. Staph aureus - 70%
2. Neiss. gonorrhoeae 3. Haemophilus influenzae |
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In whom does GC cause gonococcal arthritis?
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Adults under 30
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In whom does H. influenzae cause arthritis?
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Children
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What should be set up for synovial fluids from adults or children?
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Chocolate agar
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What type of organism is usually obtained from pericardial fluid?
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viral
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What organisms usually are obtained from thoracentesis?
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Pneumonia agents.
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If the peritoneal fluid (ascites) is infiltrated, what is the usual cause?
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-Perforated bowel
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What condition may cause perforation of the bowels?
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CAPD - continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
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What bug usually causes an infection in CAPD?
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Skin flora, just from the continuous open wound at dialyzing site.
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