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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 most common causes of CNS mycoses
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Cryptococcus Neoformans (most common)
Candida |
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Cryptococcus presnts in brain as cryptococcomas = ______
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Choroid plexus based masses
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Consits of gelatinous material due to capsular mucopolysaccharide
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Cryptococcomas
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Molds = fungi that exist in _____ form at both room temp and 37C
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Hyphae
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CNS mold pathogens (2)
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Aspergillus
Mucoraceae |
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Opportunisitic infections - rare in healthy
Usually intraparenchymal (not meningeal) |
Molds - Aspergillus and Mucoraceae
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-Common in alcoholics, IVDA, corticosteroid users
-Orbital and paranasal sinus infection that may spread to meninges |
Mold - aspergillus and mucoraceae
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Molds may occlude, invade and trigger thrombosis leading to _______
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multifocal stroke
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Can migrate through damaged bvs
Usually in cerbrum, cerebellum and brainstem |
Molds
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Form small supperative lesions
May form macro-abscesses May only involve meniges Often incendental on autopsy |
Candida
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CNS dz caused by larva of pork tapeworm
Most common parasitic CNS infection |
Neurocysticercosis
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CNS Parasite infection caused by ingestion of food/water containing feces contaminated by _________-
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cestode's ova
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Parasite infections often invovle cerebral cortex and cause _____-
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seizures
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Parasite infections often cause hydrocephalus and ICP b/c of ________
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Involvement of Ventricular system
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Parasite infection - appearance of __:
-small diameter -fibrous pseudocapsule -single larval scolex |
Cysticerci
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- Intacellular protozoan
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Toxoplasma gondii
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Space occupying lesion in AIDs
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Toxoplasma gondii
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- Favors neuron rich areas (basal ganglia, cortex, brainstem)
- Presents with seizures, hemiparesis, CN deficits |
Toxoplasma gondii
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- Central necrotic mass + edema and inflm
- Perivascular - Endothelial swelling |
Toxoplasma gondii
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Form of toxoplasma gondii that causes tissue injury
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Tachyzoite
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Form of toxoplasma gondii that
- fills cysts and pseudocysts - collects around neurons and perivascular macs |
Bradtzoite
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Treponema pallidum causes ________
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Neurosyphilis
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Necrosis and fibrosis seen in syphilis
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Gumma
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-Causes hemorrhagic encephalitis
-Often localized to frontotemporal regions, insulae, cingulate gyrus |
Herpes
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- Can find CSF specific antigens
- Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies |
Herpes
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Causes neuronal shrinkage, vascular congestion, eosinophlia, pallor
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Herpes
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Lymphocytes and plasma cells colonize meninges, cuff bv's and migrate into cortex
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Herpes
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Monocytes converge on infected neurons and form neuronophagic nodules
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Herpes
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PML can be caused by (2)
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JC
HIV |
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PML almost always associated with defective _______
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cell mediated immunity
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- Expanding zone of oligodendrocyte loss
- Infiltration of macs ingesting myelin - Yellow gray discoloration of white matter |
PML
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- May progress to white matter cavitation
- Florid astrogliosis with bizarre nuclei - Ground glass appearance |
PML
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-Can have similar features of PML
-mostly in white matter -multifocal expanding lesion with demyelination and axon loss |
Varicella Zoster Encephalitis
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Astrocytes of Varicella encephalitis have _____
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Cowdry A intranuclear inclusions
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Oligodendrocytes have ground glass appearance like PML but ________
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cells do NOT enlarge
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Varicella zoster encephalitis may cause _____- leading to stoke and aneurysm
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Cerebral vasculitis
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HIV encephalitis replicates in (2)
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- macrophages
- microglia |
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in HIV encephalitis, have __ and _____ macs
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mononucleated and multinucleated
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In this, have Pallor of white matter and brain atrophy
+ vasocentric inflammation --> giant cells around bv's |
HIV encephalitis
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