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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Type A Drugs
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Continuous CNS depressants
non-selective, dose-dependent Barbituates, alcohol, mephenesin, chloral hydrate |
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Type B Drugs
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benzodiazepines
less severe depression of CNS Useful as anxiolytics Effects plateau, less likely to achieve a terminal endpoint, safer |
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GABA
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gamma-amino buteric acid
primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain |
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GABAa Receptor
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ligand gated channels = fast inhibitory response
Permit Cl- ions to flow through membrane = keeps cell's potential negative, making action potentials less likely |
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Benzodiazepines
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Alprazolam, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Triazolam, Midazolam
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Alprazolan
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Benzodiazepine
Short/intermediate acting XANAX Panic disorders, agoraphobia |
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Diazepam
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Benzodiazepine
VALIUM Long acting Anticonvulsant: Status epilepticus, alcohol withdrawl, reactions to local anesthetics Oral Contraceptives reduce elimination |
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Lorazepam
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Benzodiazepine
Fast acting, rapidly metabolized ATIVAN |
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Midazolam
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Benzodiazepine
Short acting, IV only Used as adjunt to anesthesia |
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Triazolam
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Benzodiazepine
HALCIOFN short acting A special case: Has an active metabolite, but bothe Triazolam and its metabolite have short half lives May induce sleep onset with late night sleep still relatively normal |
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Flumazenil
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Benzodiazepine Antagonist
Short acting, IV only |
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Barbituates
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Thiopental, Pentobarbital, Phenobarbital
Anxiolytic at low doses Sedative/hypnotic at high doses Anticonvulsant properties Induction liver microsomal enzymes |
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Thiopental
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Barbituate
Ultra-short acting IV Anesthesia |
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Pentobarbital
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Barbituate
Intermediate acting Sedative |
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Phenobarbital
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Barbituate
Long acting Anticonvulsant |
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Zopiclone
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Binds to benzodiazepine site
Used as a sleep aid |
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Chloral Hydrate
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Sedative/Hypnotic agent
Older and cheaper Liquid for children |
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Mephenesin
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Type A Drug
Muscle relaxant |
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Diphenhydramine
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Antihistamine
OTC sedatives (Tylenol PM) |
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Non-CNS depressants: Anxiety Meds
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Buspirone, Propranolol, Clonidine
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Buspirone
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Anti-anxiety
Very slow acting Not used in dentistry |
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Propranolol
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Anti-anxiety
Beta adrenergic blocker (dec. symp tone) Use: public speaking |
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Clonidine
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Anti-anxiety
Alpha2 adrenergic agonist |
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Non-CNS depressants: Muscle Relaxants
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Orphenadrine Citrate, Cyclobenaprine, Tizanidine, Baclofen
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Orphenadrine Citrate
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Antihistamine
Use: Muscle relaxation |
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Cyclobenaprine
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Tricyclic antidepressant
Use: Muscle relaxation 2-3 wk treatment Not for use w mental patients Similar efficacy as DIAZEPAM, but different side effects (less sedation, more anticholinergic (dry mouth, tachycardia)) |
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Tizanidine
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Alpha2 adrenergic agonist
Use: Muscle Relaxation Similar to CLONIDINE |
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Baclofen
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GABAb agonist
Use: Muscle Relaxation |
