Cns Depressants And Muscle Relaxants

Front 1

A medication that relieves anxiety

Back 1

anxiolytic

Front 2

a class of drugs that are chemical derivatives of barbituric acid. They can induce sedation and sleep

Back 2

Barbiturates

Front 3

A chemical category of drugs most frequently prescribed as sedative-hypnotic and aniolytic drugs

Back 3

Benzodiazepines

Front 4

An inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the brain

Back 4

Gamma-aminobutlyric acid(GABA)

Front 5

Drug that, when given at low to moderate dosages, calm or soothe the CNS without inducing sleep but when given at high dosages may cause sleep

Back 5

Hypnotics

Front 6

One of the stages of the sleep cycle. It characteristically has four stages and precedes REM sleep. Most of a normal sleep cycle consists of non-REM sleep

Back 6

Non-rapid eye movement sleep

Front 7

Some of the characteristics of this sleep are rapid eye movement,vivid dreams and irregular breathing

Back 7

REM sleep

Front 8

A drug-induced reduction of REM sleep

Back 8

REM interference

Front 9

Excessive REM sleep following discontinuation of a sleep altering drug

Back 9

REM rebound

Front 10

drugs that have an inhibitory effect on the CNS to the degree that they reduce nervousness,excitability, and irritability without causing sleep

Back 10

Sedatives

Front 11

Drugs that can act in the body either as sedatives or as hypnotics

Back 11

sedative-hypnotics

Front 12

A transient, reversible, and periodic state of rest in which there is a decrease in physical activity and consciousness

Back 12

sleep

Front 13

The structure of the various elements involved in the sleep sysle, including normal and abnormal patterns of sleep

Back 13

sleep architecture

Front 14

the rapid appearance of a progressive decrease in response to a drug after repetitive administration of the drug

Back 14

Tachyphylaxis

Front 15

The ratio between the toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug

Back 15

therapeutic index

Front 16

if the therapeutic index is low the difference between the therapeutic and toxic drug concentrations is small the drug can be more ______

Back 16

hazardous

Front 17

CNS depressants act primarly on what part of the brain

Back 17

reticular formation

Front 18

when were barbiturates first introduced into clinical use

Back 18

1903

Front 19

With estazolam, what nursing implementation can be done to reduce GI upset

Back 19

give with food

Front 20

give CNS depressants ___ to ___ minutes before ____

Back 20

15 to 30
bedtime

Front 21

Why are given before bedtime

Back 21

risk of injury related to drowsiness and decrease muscular coordination

Front 22

Phenobarbital is ___ acting

Back 22

long

Front 23

Pentobarbital is ____ acting

Back 23

short

Front 24

the administration of quazepam, common adverse effect with the elderly

Back 24

hangover

Front 25

Name the amino acid that inhibits nerve transmisson

Back 25

gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)

Front 26

Name the ultra-short barbiturates

Back 26

methohexital
thiamylal
thiopental

Front 27

Before administration of medication the nurse needs to determine whether the patient has any

Back 27

allergies

Front 28

Lack of sleep can also cause:

Back 28

confusion
mood changes
restlessness

Front 29

why would you not give the depressant

Back 29

blood pressure or respirations are not with in normal limits

Front 30

why would there be impaired gas exchange

Back 30

respiratory depression

Front 31

the combined use of alcohol,tranquilizers,antihistamines or analgesics could cause

Back 31

drug overdose

Front 32

barbiiturates have a greater potentila for

Back 32

addiction

Front 33

rapid infusion of a barbiturate can lead to:

Back 33

hypotension
respiratory depression

Front 34

Intravenous incompatibilites include

Back 34

amphotericinB
hydrocortisone
hydromorphone

Front 35

Since barbiturates are incompatible during IV therapy what should be performed before other medication is given

Back 35

flush the tubing with normal saline

Front 36

after prolonged therapy of cns depressants and the drug is abruptly stopped it could lead to:

Back 36

nightmares
hallucination
delirum
seizures

Front 37

if the the pt. is in post anesthesia care the nurse should monitor for:

Back 37

blood pressure
pulse
respirations

Front 38

possible adverse effects of anemia ;what labs should be monitored

Back 38

RBC count
Hgb(hemoglobin)
Hct(hematocrit)

Front 39

If the phenobarital level is 10 to 30mcg/ml normally and the pts. is 40 what does this indicate

Back 39

toxicity

Front 40

Toxicity is manifested by what symptoms:

Back 40

cold clammy skin
respirations less than 12
severe cns depression

Front 41

REM rebound may occur when

Back 41

the drug is stopped abruptly

Front 42

the greatest risk of hypotension is within ____

Back 42

one hour after administration

Front 43

What foods interfers with the absorption of zaleplon

Back 43

high fat

Front 44

this drug should not be crushed and causes infrequent memory loss

Back 44

zolpidem(Ambien)

Front 45

also known as prosopalgia) is a neuropathic disorder of the trigeminal nerve that causes episodes of intense pain in the eyes, lips, nose, scalp, forehead, and jaw.

Back 45

Trigeminal neuralgia

Front 46

Ultrashort action barbiurates are used for

Back 46

anesthesia for short surgical procedures
anesthesia induction
control of seizures

Front 47

Long acting barbiurates are used for:

Back 47

neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

Front 48

increased levels of bilirubin in the blood. Jaundice being a symptom.

Back 48

hyperbilirubinemia

Front 49

yellowing of the skin

Back 49

Jaundice

Front 50

prolongation of drowsiness,lethargy,dizziness

Back 50

hangover

Front 51

barbiurates adverse effects on the cardiovascular

Back 51

vasodilation
hypotension

Front 52

barbiurates adverse effects on the GI

Back 52

N/V
diarrhea
constipation(being #1)

Front 53

life-threatening condition affecting the skin in which cell death causes the epidermis to separate from the dermis. The syndrome is thought to be a hypersensitivity complex affecting the skin and the mucous membranes. Although the majority of cases are idiopathic, the main class of known causes is medications, followed by infections and (rarely) cancers

Back 53

stevens johnson syndrome

Front 54

What is the antidote for benzodiazepine overdose:

Back 54

flumazenil

Front 55

an overdose of barbiturates the cause of death would be:

Back 55

respiratory arrest

Front 56

A patient with back muscle spasms is being treated with skeletal muscle relaxant. What is effective in conjunction with this:

Back 56

physical therapy

Front 57

a rapidly decreasing response to a drug following administration of the initial doses.

Back 57

Tachyphylaxis

Front 58

Many depressants acting on the CNS do so by increasing the activity of a particular neurotransmitter

Back 58

Gamma-aminobutlyric acid(GABA)

Front 59

____ stimulate the action of enzymes in the liver that are responsible for the metabolism or breakdown of many drugs.

Back 59

Barbiturates

Front 60

If drugs are metabolized more quickly by barbiturates it ____ the duration of action of other drugs.

Back 60

shortens

Front 61

Other drugs that are enzyme inducers are:

Back 61

warfarin
theophylline
phenytoin

Front 62

Barbiturates are used as:

Back 62

hypnotics
sedatives
anticonvulsants
anesthesia

Front 63

Contraindications to barbiturate use include:

Back 63

known drug allergy
pregnancy
significant respiratory difficulties
severe liver disease

Front 64

The main adverse effects of barbiturates affect the CNS and include:

Back 64

drowsiness
lethargy
dizziness
hangover
Paradoxical restlessness

Front 65

Barbiturates deprive people of:

Back 65

REM sleep

Front 66

Hematologic adverse effects of barbiturates:

Back 66

megaloblastic anemia
Agranulocytosis
thrombocytopenia

Front 67

If a barbiturate is given to rapidly it can cause:

Back 67

vasodilation
hypotension

Front 68

Respiratory adverse effects of barbiturates

Back 68

Respiratory depression
apnea
laryngospasm
bronchospasm
coughing

Front 69

Stevens-Johnson's syndrome
and serum sickness can be adverse effects of:

Back 69

barbiturates

Front 70

Intentional overdoses are given for therapeutic management of:

Back 70

uncontrollable seizures

Front 71

____ ____ Assists in pulling barbiturates from the circulation and eliminating it by means of the GI tract.

Back 71

Activated charcoal

Front 72

Phenobarbital,aprobarbital and mephobarbital can be eliminated more quickly by the ____ when the urine is ____

Back 72

kidneys
alkalized

Front 73

Alkalization, along with forced diuresis, can ___ elimination of the barbiturates.

Back 73

hasten

Front 74

barbiturates increase the aactivity of hepatic microsomal enzymes this process is called:

Back 74

enyzme induction

Front 75

Drugs that interact and increase metabolism with barbiturates are:

Back 75

Nonoamine oxidase inhibitor(MAOI)
anticoagulant
glucocorticoids
tricyclic antdepressants
quinidine
contraceptives

Front 76

Coadministration of anticoagulants with barbiturates can result in decreased anticoagulation and ____ ___ ____

Back 76

possible clot formation

Front 77

Barbiturates taken with contraceptives patients should be advised to:

Back 77

used other means to prevent pregancy because it reduces estrogen levels

Front 78

Zolpidem is known to cause ___ ____ and must not be given during ______

Back 78

fetal abnormalities
pregancy

Front 79

Patients with hepatic,renal, or respiratory insufficiency have an increased risk for oversedation and CNS depression shen given sedative-hypnotics TRUE OR FALSE

Back 79

TRUE

Front 80

The best use of sedative-hypnotics is as a ____-___ therapy for insomnia

Back 80

short-term

Front 81

___ ___ levels are associated with depressive symptoms

Back 81

low serotonin

Front 82

a group of inherited or acquired disorders of certain enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway

Back 82

Porphyrias

Front 83

______ manifest with either skin problems or with neurological complications (or occasionally both).

Back 83

Porphyrias

Front 84

Coadministration with ____,____,_____,____ and tranquilizers cause an ___ effect.

Back 84

alcohol,antihistamines,benzodiazepines,opioids and tranquilizers
*additive effect

Front 85

barbiturates ____ the activity of hepatic microsomal enzymes

Back 85

increase

Front 86

Coadministration of MAOI and barbiturates can result in ____ barbiturate effects.

Back 86

prolonged

Front 87

barbiturates are contraindicated in pts. with :

Back 87

latent porphyria
significant liver dysfunction
addiction
hypersensitivity to it

Front 88

what barbiturate used to control status epiletpicus

Back 88

pentobarbital

Front 89

status epilepticus episodes can result from these conditions:

Back 89

meingitis
poisons
eclampsia
alcohol withdrawal
tetanus
chorea

Front 90

an acute and life-threatening complication of pregnancy, is characterized by the appearance of tonic-clonic seizures

Back 90

eclampsia

Front 91

a medical condition that is characterized by a prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle fibres. a neurotoxin produced by the Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani

Back 91

tetanus

Front 92

a primary feature of Huntington's disease.
*rheumatic fever develop Sydenham's _______.
*

Back 92

Chorea

Front 93

caused by drugs (levodopa, anti-convulsants, anti-psychotics ,metabolic disorders, endocrine disorders, and vascular incidents.

Back 93

Chorea

Front 94

______ has been useful in the treatment of _____ in neonates and ____ ____

Back 94

phenobarbital
hyperbilirubinemia
Gilbert's syndrome

Front 95

benzodiazepines depress activity in these specific areas of the brain:

Back 95

hypthalamic
thalamic
limbic system

Front 96

Benzodiazepines don't suppress _____ sleep or ____ hepatic enzyme activity.

Back 96

REM
Induce

Front 97

Benzodiazepines are used for:

Back 97

sedation
sleep induction
skeletal muscle relaxation
anxiety relief

Front 98

Benzodiazepines are used for the treatment :

Back 98

alcohol withdrawal
agitation
depression
epilepsy

Front 99

Benzodiazepines are combined with:__,__,__ to have a balanced anesthesia or conscious sedation.

Back 99

anesthetics
analgesics
neuromuscular blocking drugs

Front 100

syrup of ipecac causing the patient ___ due to the benzodiazepine overdose

Back 100

vomit

Front 101

____ is not useful in the treatment of benzodiazepine overdose.

Back 101

hemodialysis

Front 102

What drug is used to acutely reverse the sedative effects of benzodiazepines

Back 102

flumazenil

Front 103

Benzodiazepine herbal interactions include:

Back 103

kava kava
valerian

Front 104

With benzodiazepines what food alters drug absorption

Back 104

grapefruit or grapefruit juice

Front 105

Benzodiazepines are schedule ___ controlled substances

Back 105

IV

Front 106

Name the nonbenzodiazepines:

Back 106

Zolpidem(Ambien)
Zaleplon(Sonata)
eszoplicone(Lunesta)

Front 107

zolpidem(Ambien) is what class:

Back 107

imidazopyridine

Front 108

Zaleplon is what class:

Back 108

pyrazolopyrimidine

Front 109

Zolpidem(Ambien)
Zaleplon(Sonata)
eszoplicone(Lunesta) are used for the ___-___ treatment of _______

Back 109

short-term
insomnia

Front 110

zolpidem

Back 110

Ambien

Front 111

Zaleplon

Back 111

Sonata

Front 112

eszoplicone

Back 112

Lunesta

Front 113

estazolam

Back 113

ProSom

Front 114

All pam's and lam's are pregancy catergory ____

Back 114

X

Front 115

All pam's and lam's are

Back 115

benzodiazepines

Front 116

Flurazepam

Back 116

Dalmane

Front 117

Quazepam

Back 117

Doral

Front 118

Temazepam

Back 118

Restoril

Front 119

Triazolam

Back 119

Halcion

Front 120

Temazepam is contraindicated in patients who have:

Back 120

narrow-angle glaucoma

Front 121

zolpidem(Ambien) has less ___ or ___ the morning after.

Back 121

lethargy
grogginess

Front 122

Dantrolene, a skeletal muscle relaxant, works ____ on skeletal muscle.

Back 122

directly

Front 123

A muscle relaxant which is a derivative of GABA works by depressing nerve transmission in the spinal cord.

Back 123

Baclofen

Front 124

A muscle relaxant that decreases the amount of calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Back 124

Dantrolene

Front 125

What is effective in relieving hiccups:

Back 125

Baclofen

Front 126

What is used for the mgmt. of malignant hyperthermia:

Back 126

Dantrolene

Front 127

There is no antidote for muscle relaxants what measures are taken in overdose:

Back 127

gastric lavage
airway clearance

Front 128

A patient will be undergoing a brief surgical procedure to obtain a biopsy from a superificial mass what type of barbiturate will be used:

Back 128

Ultrashort

Front 129

REM rebound can produce:

Back 129

nightmares