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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neuronal structures...
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neurites
axon dendrites |
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neurites
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number of cell body extensions
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axon
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usually one
but often branches near end (collaterals) |
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dendrites
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generally arborzed and short
recieve synaptic input |
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glial cells
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most common type
protection, nutrition & remove transmitter includes astrocters (BBB), oligodendrocytes (insulation), microglia (phagocytic), ependymal cells (CSF) |
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astrocytes
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blood brain barrier
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olifodendrocytes
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insulation
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microglia
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phagocytic
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ependymal of choriod plexi in ventricles... fxn...
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secrete CSF which circulates within and around brain
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How much CSF is in the brain?
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150 ml and about 200 ml secreted every day
secretion and absorption must be balanced otherwise pressure builds up |
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fluid circulates in from ventircles through _____ and out via ___________
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aqueducts
windows (fromina of Luschka and Magendie) |
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Where is CSF absorded?
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arachniod villi
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Hydrocephalus
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occurs when circulation blocked
caused by congential, tumors, or inflammations |
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What is the difference between adulat and babies in regards to hydopcephalus?
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babies skulls can expand
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Meninges- 3 layers
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dura mater
arachniod pia |
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dura mater
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tough, strong, mother
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arachnoid
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web like
space between dura and A subdural CSF reclaimed by arachnoid villi or granulations |
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pia
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delicate, tightly invests surface of brain
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Subarachniod
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space between A and P
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Divide in the the brain
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two hemispheres
an infolding of the dura forms the falx cerebri |
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superior sagittal sinus
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formed where they join adn it is here that CSG returns to the venous circulation
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Brain recieves about ____ % of CO
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20
this is autoregulated |
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circle of willis
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base of the brain
brain aneurysms often occur here collateral circulation |
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gyrus
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series of elevated convolutions
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sulci/ fissures
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shallow grooves which seperate or deeper ones (fissures)
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What does the central fissure seperate?
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frontal and parietal lobe
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What does the lateral fissure separate?
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temporal and frontal lobe
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Name of the superficial lobes:
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frontal
parietal temporal occipital |
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Limbic lobe
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deeper cerebral structure that surrounds the brain stem and includes the cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, and is sometimes referred to as a system
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early development of the brain
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neural tube and neural crest... the CNS is ectodermal in origin develops from the neural tube. At its rostral (front) end a number of large vesicles or outcropping develop. Some neuroectodermal cells pinch off to from neural crest.
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neural crest cells
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develop into schwann cells and
adrenal medulla cells visceral ganglion cells dorsal root ganglion cells |
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Spina Bifida
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failure ot close caudally
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anencephaly
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fluid filled center of the neural tube persist as the ventricular system. filaure of the neural tube to close rostrally results in anencephaly
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What is critical for neural tube formation and closure?
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folic acid or folate
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Edficiency of folate acid accouts for about ____ % of neural tube defects
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90
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Folate should be taken prior to ______
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pregnancy
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When should neural tube formation and closure occurs...
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3-4 weeks after conception
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embryonic brain development
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five vesicles from the rostral neural tube. The teleocephalon gives rise to the cerebral hemisphere, corpus callosum; diencephalon to the thalamus, hypothalamus
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When should neural tube formation and closure occurs...
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3-4 weeks after conception
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