Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is the pathology in OA?
|
loss of cartilage
narrowing of joint space low grade synovial inflammation thickening of subchondral bone osteophytes develope (bony outgrowths) |
|
|
what are the RF for OA?
|
1. age (80% in 70+)
2. obesity (30-35 BMI has 4 fold increase in knee OA; framingham showed 5 kg weight loss and decreased risk) 3. gender (F>M knee) 4. genetics (complex, 65% in MZ twins) 5. occupation 6. cartilage metabolism 7. other: -trauma/injury -repetative use -muscle weakness -laxity 8. secondary causes |
|
|
what are secondary causes for OA?4
|
1. trauma/injury (fracture, meniscus tear)
2. metabolic (hemochromatosis, acromegaly, CPPDefect) 3. anatomic (slipped epiphysis) 4. prior septic or inflammatory arthritis |
|
|
what are symptoms of OA?
|
1. pain/stiff/gels after use
2. worse with prolonged use and pain with multifactoral (sleep, emotions etc.) |
|
|
what are patterns of OA?
|
1.hands and feet (herberdens nodes-DIP, Bouchards nodes-PIP)
2. knees 3. spine 4. large weight bearing joints 5. generally a few joints are effected and most joints CAN be effected |
|
|
diagnosis of OA?
|
history and exam
(bloods and x-ray not so dramatic) |
|
|
treatment goals of OA:
|
1. relieve pain
2. maintain/restore function (PT) 3. delay progression |
|
|
what are the treatments of OA:
|
1. diet and excercise then
2. paracetamol 3. NSAIDs 4. mild opiates other: glucosamine, steroids, heat/cold, PT, accupuncture 5. surgery |
|
|
what are the red flags for back pain that is not just mechanical?
|
1. systemic features (fever etc.)
2. major trauma 3. weight loss 4. intractable pain 4-6 weeks and at night 5. neurological symptoms 6. morning pain in young 7. history or signs/symptoms of cancer |
|
|
what are bad causes for back pain?
*what are useful tests to determine if ominous |
1. cauda equina
2. herniated disk 3. spinal stenosis 4. SA 5. malignancy (MM, prostate) 6. fracture or infection 7. referred pain *if ESR is elevated, evaluate for malignancy, infection *X-Ray to diagnose compression fracture or tumor |
