Cnps Theories

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Psychoanalytic (Freud)

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personality developmental theory; views personality as id, ego, and super ego

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id

Back 2

basic instinctive drives present at birth, pleasure principle for personal wants

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ego

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rational element that controls consciousness and desires of id, provides logical thinking

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superego

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conscience of mind & operates on moral realism

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individual psychology (Adler)

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sees person holistically & focusses on uniqueness of each person, innate drive to overcome perceived inferiorities & develop one's own potential for self-actualization

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4 stages of Adlerian counseling process

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1) establish relationship, 2) diagnosis, 3) interpretation, 4) reorientation

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person-centered theory (Rogers)

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stresses client's capability & responsibility to identify ways to more accurately identify & cope with reality with counsellor as a facilitator and reflector

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behavioral theory (Watson)

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views behavior as learned set of responses to events, experiences, or stimuli in person's life history, focuses on specific behavior goals & emphasizes precise & repeatable methods; feelings second to behavior

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rational emotive behavior theory (Ellis)

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people have capacity to act in rational or irrational manner; rational behavior is viewed as effective and potentially productive

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reality therapy (Glasser)

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places confidence in counselee's ability to deal with needs through realistic or rational process; attempts to teach individual what they should have learned during normal growth in a short period of time

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transactional analysis (Berne)

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person has potential for choosing and redirecting or reshaping one's own destiny (cognitive-behavioral approach)

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gestalt counseling (Perls)

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therapist assists client toward self-integration & toward learning to utilize his energy in appropriate ways to grow, develop, & actualize; focuses on present & positive view for client's capacity for self-direction

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existential therapy

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individuals define who they are by their choices

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umwelt

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world around; biological world, the environment

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mitwelt

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with-world; worlds of ones fellow human beings

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eigenwelt

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own-world; relationship to one self

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family systems therapy

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assumption that client cannot be completely understood apart from their family; dramatic changes in family unit affects all family members

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multimodal therapy (Lazarus)

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unique assessment procedures and significant emphasis on and attention to details of sensory, imagery, cognitive, and interpersonal factors and their interactive effects on client

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BASIC ID

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behavior, affect, sensation, imagery, cognitive, interpersonal relationships, drugs

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eclectic counseling

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middle road for non-directive and purely directive; allows individuals to construct one's own theory based on drawing from established theories

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Williamson

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developed purely directive approach to counseling

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Counseling Process

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1) relationship establishment, 2) problem identification and exploration, 3) plan for problem solving, 4) solution application and termination

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creative synthesis

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mixture of many concepts into a new whole

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working alliance (Bordin)

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1) agreement btwn counselor and client on purpose of counseling, 2) agreement on means & tasks to be completed, 3) warm bond btw counselor & client to generate sense of caring

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theoretical integration

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create conceptual framework that synthesizes best elements of 2 or more approaches to therapy

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common factors

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interpersonal, social, & affective; empathy, warmth, trust, support, personality of counselor

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group guidance

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group activities that focus in providing info or experiences through a planned and organized group activity

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group counseling

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routine adjustment or developmental experiences provided in a group setting – assists to counselees with coping to their day to ay adjustment and development concerns

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group therapy

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intense experiences for people with serious adjustment, emotional or developmental needs

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steps in planning counseling and guidance groups

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1) identify & organize topics, 2) design & structure sessions, 3) incorporate curative factors

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activities for group guidance/counseling

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1) instruction (intro, info, & explanation to unify group), 2)discussion, 3) exercises, 4) homework

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curative factors

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universality, imitation, interpersonal learning, social skills, altruism,

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experience-reflective design

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1) establish support, 2) provide challenging preparation, 3) establish seminar practicum, 4) stimulate transfer

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values of group counseling

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1) individuals can explore w/ reinforcement of support group, 2) gain insight to own feelings and behaviour, 3) develop positive natural relationships, 4) learn responsibility to others and self

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authoritarian family

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parents give no expression to youth

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democratic family

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parents invite adolescent to freely contribute

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permissive family

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adolescent might become more active in decision-making than parents

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general decision making styles (Scott & Bruce)

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rational, intuitive, dependent, avoidant, spontaneous

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rational decision making style

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thorough search for info & logical evaluation of alternatives

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intuitive decision making style

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reliance on hunches & feelings

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depdent decision making style

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search for advice & direction from others

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avoidant decision making style

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attempts to avoid decision making

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spontaneous decision making style (GDMS)

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sense of immediacy & desire to get through decision-making process ASAP

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decision-making inventory (Johnson, Coscarelli, Johnson)

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systematic, spontaneous, internal, external

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systematic decision making style

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join components as step by step, establish goals by weighing alternatives through pre-established logic

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spontaneous decision making style (DMI)

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think holistically, continuously establish & reestablish goals as process of change

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internal decision making style

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independently think through & are not comfortable making decisions as result of talking problem through

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external decision making style

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talk about decisions & value opinions of others

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Melbourne decision making questionnaire (Mann)

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decision making coping strategies & respondent's self esteem as decision maker; vigilance, buckpassing, procrastination, hyper vigilance

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vigilance

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searches painstakingly for info & evaluates in unbiased manner

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buckpassing

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shifting responsibility to someone else, constructing wishful rationalization to justify

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procrastination

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escape difficult decision by delaying or post-poning choice

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hyper vigilance

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searches frantically for way out of making decisions