Cne Pharm Test 1 - Autonomic Drugs

Front 1

sympathomimetic (definition, actions, prototype)

Back 1

DEFINITION: mimicking the actions of sympathetic NS (synonymous with adrenergic)

ACTIONS: alpha and beta adrenergic agonist

PROTOTYPE: epinephrine (adrenaline)

Front 2

sympatholytic (definition, actions, prototypes)

Back 2

DEFINITION: blocking or inhibiting sympathetic NS (synonymous with antiadrenergic)

ACTIONS: alpha and beta adrenergic antagonist

PROTOTYPES:
- alpha blockers --> prazosin (minipress)
- beta blockers --> propranolol (inderal)

Front 3

List positive adrenergic effects on the body (and receptor that causes them)

Back 3

1. Positive chronotropic (increased HR) - beta-1
2. Positive inotropic (increased contractility) - beta-1
3. Peripheral vasoconstriction - alpha-1
4. Bronchodilation - beta-2
5. Mydriasis (pupil dilation) - alpha-1
6. Feelings of tension/anxiety - beta-2
7. Depressed GI function - alpha-1
8. Increased blood sugar & fatty acids - beta-2
9. Increased sweating (could be positive or negative) - alpha-1
10. Increased blood coagulation (positive or negative) - alpha-1

Front 4

List negative adrenergic side effects on the body

Back 4

1. Heart palpitations/arrhythmia
2. Increased BP
3. Restlessness & insomnia
4. Tremors
5. Fluid loss (too much sweating/dehydration)
OVER TIME:
6. N&V
7. Anorexia
8. High fasting blood sugar levels (could lead to diabetes) & high cholesterol
9. GI bleeding & ulcers

Front 5

List prototype & other versions of catecholamine adrenergic drugs as well as clinical uses

Back 5

PROTOTYPE: epinephrine (adrenaline)
OTHERS: norep, dopamine, isuprel
CLINICAL USES:
- cardiac arrest (severe bradycardia)
- hypotension
- shock
- bronchial asthma/severe allergic reactions
- in some anesthetics
- obstructive pulmonary disease

Front 6

parasympathomimetic (definition, actions, prototype)

Back 6

DEFINITIONS: mimicking actions of parasympathetic NS (aka cholinergic & cholinomimetic)

ACTIONS: stimulate cholinergic receptors (muscarinic & nicotinic)

PROTOTYPE: neostigmine (prostigmine)

Front 7

parasympatholytic (definition, actions, prototype)

Back 7

DEFINITION: blocking or inhibiting parasympathetic NS (aka anticholinergic or cholinergic blockers)

ACTIONS: block cholinergic receptors

PROTOTYPE: atropine

Front 8

non-catecholamine drug names & details

Back 8

DETAILS: similar to catecholamines but effects last longer, effective orally, OTC

NAMES:
- ephedrine
- albuterol
- pseudoephedrine (sudafed)
- terbutaline (brethine)

Front 9

prototype, clinical uses, & effects of anti-cholinergic drugs

Back 9

PROTOTYPE: atropine

CLINICAL USES: cholinergic crisis, parkinson's, bradycardia, too much GI motility, bedwetting/polyuria

EFFECTS: think DRY
- ocular dilation
- increased HR
- decreased salivation
- decreased sweating
- decreased gastric motility & secretions
- decreased urination/urinary retention
- bronchodilation & drying of pulmonary secretions

Front 10

adverse effects of anti-cholinergic drugs

Back 10

- causes restlessness/insomnia
- can cause confusion
- alteration in visual sensory perception
- photophobia
- tachycardia (if you're not trying to treat bradycardia)
- alteration in body temp (could lead to heatstroke)
- extreme dry mouth (could cause tooth decay)
- constipation
- abdominal bloating
- ineffective airway clearance

Front 11

prototype, clinical uses, & effects of cholinergic drugs

Back 11

PROTOTYPE: neostigmine (prostigmine)

USES: highly varied in uses, but remember myasthenia gravis & alzheimer's, gluacoma, to get things moving in GI tract during post-op period

EFFECTS: think WET
- bladder atony (decrease in tone/relaxes --> increases urine output)
- GI tract atony & increased secretions (decreases in tone/relaxes --> increases motility/gets things going)
- increased sweating
- increased salivation
- decrease HR
- pupillary constriction
**DON'T give to people with GI or urinary obstruction

Front 12

anti-adrenergic therapeutic & adverse effects

Back 12

THERAPEUTIC:
- decreases HR
- vasodilation
- decrease BP
- decrease CO
- bronchoconstriction
- pupillary myosis (constriction)
- increased gastric motility
- decreased urinary retention
- decreased blood glucose
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
- orthostatic hypotension because of increased circulation to periphery
- bradycardia
- fatigue/lethargy/weakness
- resp difficulties
- hypoglycemia

Front 13

anti-adrenergic alpha-blockers (AAA)

Back 13

PROTOTYPE: prozosine
CLINICAL USES: raynaud's & frostbite (problems with vasoconstriction in periphery)
EFFECTS: "ahhhh"
- decreases heart rate
- decreases blood pressure
- increases urine flow
**MUST be giving at night --> first dose syncope

Front 14

anti-adrenergic beta blockers (BB)

Back 14

PROTOTYPE: propanolol (inderal)
CLINICAL USES:
- treatment of hypertension, angina, MI, tachy arrhythmias (b/c of its negative chronotropic effects)