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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference b/t a Sign and a Symptom
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A sign can be observed using your 5 senses; a symtom is subjective and can only be verified by the patient
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What is the difference b/t acute and chronic
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Acute occurs suddenly and immediate attention is neede; Chronic occurs gradually and treatable but not curable
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ABD
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Abdomen
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CA
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Cancer
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WNL
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Within normal limits
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CVA
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Cerebral vascular attack
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LOC
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Loss of conscientiousness
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NKA
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No known allergies
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NWB
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No weight bearing
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TPR
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Temp, BP, Respirations
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CHF
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Congestive heart failure
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What is abuse and neglect
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Abuse is mistreating of a patient and neglect is not give the patient adequate care
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PVD
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Peripheral vascular disease- occurs in arms and legs due to reduced blood flow and tissues do not rec enough o2
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S & S of PVD
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Burning pain
Hair loss Thick toenails Dry and shiny skin chronic swelling difficulty walking leg ulcers |
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What is the main goal for PVD
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Increase circulation
elevate the legs proper foot wear NOT cutting toenails make sure linen is loose |
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Explain Atherosclerosis
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Fatty plaque build up in the vessels. Affects innner walls of the arteries
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What is the result of atherosclerosis?
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Angina
Stroke MI |
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T/F
Can hormones cause a build up in the arteries |
True
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Name 2 hormones that may cause build up in arteries
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Epinepherine
Norepinepherine |
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Who are at risk for atherosclerosis?
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Diabetics
Obsity Patients Smokers HTN Patients Diets high in cholesterol |
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What are varicose veins
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VV are weaken veins that have become distended and blood doesn't flow properly
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What is a TIA
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Transient Ischemic Attack: ie mini stroke
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S&S of TIA
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Vision problems
Dysphagia-difficulty swallowing Hemiparesis CVA likely to occur NO permanent damage |
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What are the numbers for starting HTN
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140/90
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What are the numbers for stage II severe HTN
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159/99
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What is angina?
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Narrowing of the heart vessels which causes chest pain
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S&S of Angina
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Chest pain that radiates down left arm
pale skin excessing sweating flushed face |
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Treat for Angina includes
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Surgery -- Stints
Avoid stress Quit smoking |
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What is a MI?
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Complete blockage of a coronary artery. Occulsionss such as a thrombu
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S&S of MI
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Crushing Pain in the chest
Irreg vital signs Diaphoresis Pallor,gray or cyanotic skin SOB Syncope--fainting |
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Hemoptysis
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Spitting blood
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Orthopnea
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Diff breathing lying down
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Ascites
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Fluid back up in the abd
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S&S of the heart failing
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Hemoptsis
Coughing Orthopnea Ascrites Neck swelling Cyanosis |
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Treatment for CHF
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Low Na diet
Restrict fluids Check Apical Pulse TED Hose |
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What is the diff b/t Libel and Slander
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Libel is written and slander is spoken
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What is B-12 Anemia
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Lack of Intrinic Factor in the gut.
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What is Anemia?
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Lack of Fe in the blood
Loosing blood, not enough RBC |
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What is Leukemia?
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Cancer of the blood
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What are the 3 layers of the skin?
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Dermis
Epidermis Subcutaneous |
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What is the main function of the skin?
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Protection
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Does the Epidermis skin layer have blood vessles?
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Yes
Dermis doesn't |
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What layer of the skin is fatty and attaches to the muscles?
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Subcutaneous layer
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List 4 functions of the skin
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Protects
Storages Eliminates Sensory Perception |
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Define Malodorous
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Bad smelling
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What is maceration?
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occurs to the skin w/ the skin is constently wet
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List 3 reasons for Pressure Ulcers
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Shearing
Friction Maceraton |
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What is nonblanchable mean?
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Skin doesn't change colors when pressed.
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Describe the 4 stages of pressure ulcers
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Stg 1 --Nonblanchable redness
Stg 2 -- Skin is broken(blisters) Stg 3 --Affects all three layers of the skin Stg 4 --Affects the skin,muscle, bone tendons and ligaments. Usually never heals |
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Define Eschar
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the tough, leathery coat resulting from third degree burns where tissue appears black
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What part of the kidney actually makes urine?
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Nephrons
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List the three parts of a kidney
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Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla Renal Pelvis |
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What is another name for UTI?
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Cystitis
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Define Hematuria
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Blood in the urine
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S&S of Nephritis
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Edema
Hematuria Proteinuria HTN Oliguria |
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Define Oliguria
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Low output of urine
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What is the normal output of urine in 24 hours
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1500 cc
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Hydronephrosis
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Fluid accumaltion of fluid in the kidney
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What can cause urinary incontinence
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Strokes
Dementia Infection Fecal impaction |
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What is the difference in uretha's length in a male v/s female
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Female--1 1/2 inches long
Male -- 6 inches long |
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What is the difference in treatment regarding a bladder infection v/s kidney infection
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Bladder infection the main goal is to try and rid the bladder of the infection. Encourage fluids. Kidney infection restrict fluid intake b/c kidney isn't working properly
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What is the normal Respirations
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Between 12 and 20 respiratons p/minute
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S&S of decreased Oxygenation
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Resp <12 or >20
Cyanosis Noisy Respirations Nasal flaring Dyspnea |
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URI
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Upper Respiratory Infection
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What the main difference b/t a URI and allergies?
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URI includes fever, colds strep, sinusititus, pharyngitis. Allegeries-- No fever, No body aches, and clear discharge
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What are the 2 most common diseases associated with COPD?
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Chronic Bronchitis
Emphysemia |
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What is Asthma?
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Swelling of the Bronchioles
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List 5 causes of Asthma
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Allergens
Dust Food Exercise Infections |
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Sputum
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Mucous
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Describe Emphysema
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Alveoli becomes distended and rigid and soon stops working. Air becomes trapped in the lungs.
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The majority of lung cancer is caused by
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Smoking-- 87%
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Eschar
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Dead skin from burns
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Define Orthopneic
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A position of the body that allows a p/ to breath more comfortably
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What is the difference b/t OSHA and JCAHO
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OSHA protects the workers in the facility and JCAHO protects the p/
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Abuse includes
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Verbal
Sexual Physical Psychological |
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What part of the kidney produces urine?
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Nephron
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Hematuria
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Blood in the urine
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What is Systitus?
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UTI
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List the 3 parts of the kidney
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Renal cortex
Renal medulla Renal Pelvis |
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S&S of Nephritis
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Edema
Hematuria Proteinuria HTN Oliguria |
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What is the difference in length b/t male and female uretha's
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Male 6 inches
Female 1 1/2 inches long |
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How is the treatment for a bladder infection different than a kidney infection
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Bladder infections you should encourage fluids to try and rid the infection. Kidney discourage fluid intake b/c kidney is already under stress
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What is the difference b/t URI and Allergies
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URI includes colds, flus strep sinusitis and pharyngitis and may turn into pnuemonia. Allergies no body aches, no fever, and clear discharge.
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2 most common diseased associated w/ COPD
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Chronic bronchitis
Emphysemia |
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What is emphysemia?
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Distention of the alveoli-- air becomes trapped in the lungs
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Define Asthma
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Constriction or Swelling of the bronchioles
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Lung cancer is mainly caused by
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Smoking 87%
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ALF
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Assisted Living Facilited
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LTC
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Long Term Care Faciltiy
IE Nursing Home |
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SNF
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Skilled Nursing Facility
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Ergonomics
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Proper way of handling patients safely w/o hurting you or the patient
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Aphasia
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Inabliltiy to understand words as well as express oneself or both
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What is the difference b/t race and ethnicity?
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Race--physical appearance skin, hair color bone structuree. Ethnicity is the country you are from.
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In case of fire
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RACE
Rescue Alarm Contain Fire Extinguish Fire |
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Using the Fire Ext.
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PASS
Pull the Pin Aim Squeeze handle Sweep |
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MSDS
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Material Safety Data Sheets: A manaul on How to clean up hazadous waste
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Etiology
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Cause of Illiness
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Prognosis
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Probable outcome
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Neoplasm
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New growth Tumors
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2 Types of Neoplasms
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Benign
Malignant |
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What is the purpose of the GI Tract?
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Breakdown complex foods to smaller more simple molecules.
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List 3 parts of the stomach
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Fundus
Body Pylorus |
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3 main portions of the small intestestines
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Duodenum
Jejunum Ileum |
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The cecum houses
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Only waste at this point in the digestive process
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Water is reabsorbed in the body at what location
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Cecum
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What color should a stoma be
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Pink
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What is a Hernia?
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A weakened area causing tissue to protrude.
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What is the difference b/t clear liquids Full liquids and soft diet
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Clear Liquid- No nurtritional value. Held up in the light is see thru
Full Liquid--Ice cream, sugar, protein Soft Diet--Broiled turkey, fish. Easy of the GI tract. NO tomatoes, NO fruit, NO Veggies |
