Cmy 2601 Crime Risks Perspectives

Front 1

Children who are orphaned as a result of one of the diseases mentioned below are likely to have their schooling interrupted. Which disease is being referred to?

Back 1

1. Diabetes
   
2. Bronchitis
3. AIDS
4. Tuberculosis

Front 2

Which of the following societal organisations received findings from a survey which concluded that the quality of parenting versus the family structure determines the well-being of the child?

Back 2

1. African Studies Association
2. Australian Psychological Society
3. American Psychological Society
4. British Columbia society

Front 3

From which of the following households do children find themselves having to resort to theft for their survival?

Back 3

1. Child-headed households
2. Families with same-sex parents
3. Single-parent families
4. Broken famlies

Front 4

Name the type of household where it is common to find mothers experiencing more stress and strain by virtue of being a solo breadwinner and a parent at the same time

Back 4

1. Broken families
2. Single-parent families
3. Families with same sex parents
4. Child-headed households

Front 5

Which of the statements below best describes a "household"?

Back 5

1. A family is where there is lack of leadership, guidance and control
2. A hierarchy of subsystems, such as husband-wife system
3. A family which faces internal pressures both within and outside of the household
4. A social and physical set up within which family life is organised.

Front 6

One specific theory sets to explain all types of crime and deviance, from lower class gang delinquency to sexual harassment. Select one option from below

Back 6

1. Differential Association theory
2. Power control theory
3. General Crime Theory
4. Postmodern theory

Front 7

Complete the following statement: A lack of ... leads to crime if there are opportunities for crime, especially when performing routing activities

Back 7

1. Will
2. self-worth
3. dreams
4. self-control

Front 8

Which of the below options best describes adolescent-limited offenders?

Back 8

1. They begin offending during their adolescent years and stop offending around their 18th birthday.
2. They begin offending during childhood because of disrupted households
3. There are limited types of crime in which they are involved.
4. None of the above

Front 9

Drugs such as alcohol, narcotics and opium are classified as

Back 9

1. CNSSs
2. CNSDs
3. CNSHs
4. CNDSs

Front 10

Victims of Rohypnol indicated that they could not recall certain events that they experienced while under the influence of the drug. Which of the following describes the inability to recall events.

Back 10

1. Amnesia
2. Forgetfulness
3. Partial amnesia
4. Memory failure

Front 11

One of the symptoms following the use of one of the drugs listed below which may result in users suffering from extreme impaired depth and time perception, with distorted perception of the size and of objects and movement is...?

Back 11

1. Lysergic acid diethylamide
2. Ketamine hydrochlonde
3. Marijuana
4. Cocaine

Front 12

Which of the following statements is indicative of a drug-using lifestyle

Back 12

1. Crimes are committed to obtain drugs
2. Crime may be caused by those under the influence of drugs
3. Drugs and crime have a reciprocal relationship
4. Criminal involvement becomes a way of life for most drug users

Front 13

Walters (1994) writes about a third variable that is less tangible and harder to identify in establishing the nexus between drugs and crime is?

Back 13

1. Crimes can be committed by drug users whose judgement, self-control or ability to inhibit violent impulses is affected by the chemicals they are using.
2. Contributing factors such as self-indulgence, social dissatisfaction and legal and political factors.
3. The link between drugs and crime is not causal, but both are related to other factors.
4. Drug involvement causes crime because of the level of violence found in the drug business.

Front 14

Which type of unemployment is best described in the following paragraph:

"Thousands of job opportunities were created as a result of the preparations for the 2010 Fifa Soccer World Cup. The building of soccer stadiums across the country is a good example of this. however, in the aftermath of the World Cup, unemployment will rise again"

Back 14

1. temporary unemployment
2. seasonal unemployment
3. cyclical unemployment
4. structural unemployment
5. demographic unemployment

Front 15

Unemployment can be caused by a variety of factors, and the effect of these factors on the workplace can also vary considerably. Identify which of the following factors is not a cause of unemployment.

Back 15

1. criminal activities
2. structural factors
3. natural causes
4. falling imports
5. affirmative action

Front 16

Some criminologists believe that there is a clear connection between unemployment and crime and have attributed the motivation perspective and the opportunity perspective to this phenomenon. Which statement best describes the motivation perspective?

Back 16

1. When unemployment increases, more people are at home and the possibility of criminal activities is often reduced.
2. When parents do not supervise their children they are presented with more chances to commit crime.
3. There is a positive link between the frustration caused by poor economic conditions and criminal activity
4. The effect of decreasing frustration levels in the population will be reflected in the rising levels of criminal activity.
5. The effects of ill health, mortality, crime and civil disorder give rise to high levels of unemployment.

Front 17

The researcher Dunstan studied the connection between variables such as unemployment poor housing, isolation and level of income with pathological conditions such as crime, juvenile delinquency and broken homes. What is one underlying factor which connects these variables?

Back 17

1. male criminality
2. maternal employment
3. male income
4. marital status
5. male unemployment

Front 18

Voluntary unemployment is sometimes associated with ... because there are people who simply prefer not to work.

Back 18

1. retirement
2. unwillingness
3. laziness
4. idleness
5. misfortune

Front 19

South Africa is regarded by many as a Third World country. What are the typical feature associated with this state?

Back 19

1. large-scale urban and rural poverty, accelerated urbanisation and social and political instability.
2. high foreign debt, low population growth which outstrips economic growth and poor infrastructure.
3. social and political instability, high crime rates and economic growth as a result of political sanctions.
4. High rate of population growth which outstrips economic growth and deteriorating social structures
5. Low subsistence levels and rapid economic decline, coupled with substantial experts and import of goods

Front 20

.... actually has nothing to do with the deprived status of some individuals compared to that of other people in the community where they function, but is rather calculated with reference to every community's norms and values, and is in this sense a universal and permanent characteristic of the community

Back 20

1. Absolute poverty
2. Relative deprivation
3. Total deprivation
4. Relative poverty
5. Relative equality

Front 21

The researchers Guerry and Quetelet tried to identify the link between economic conditions, poverty and crime by comparing well-to-do areas with less privileged ones in France. Their research showed the following:

Back 21

1. There is more crime in less privileged areas in which poor people worked.
2. There is little discrepancy between the rich and the poor in well-to-do areas with regards to theft.
3. Wealthy areas offered little opportunities for crime because they had fewer deterrents
4. Well-to-do areas offered more opportunities for theft because there were more things to steal.
5. The poor held grudges against the rich and thus stole from everyone.

Front 22

Indicate whether each of the following sentences is true or false:

1. Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon
2. Absolute poverty refers to inequalities in society.
3. Most of the poverty in South Africa occurs among urban black people
4. Relative poverty refers to the minimum requirements for survival.

Back 22

1. True
2. False
3. False
   
4. False
   

Front 23

Although ethnocentrism is practically present in all cultures, which one has had the most influence on other cultures?

Back 23

1. European
2. Asian
3. Australian
4. American

Front 24

The feminist movement started in the late 1960s made a significant contribution to the development of criminology by focusing on particular on discrimination and the .... treatment of women in the criminal justice system

Back 24

1. Cruel
2. Equal
3. Exceptional
4. Unequal

Front 25

It has been shown that developing countries with the lowest per capita income display

Back 25

1. a low level of urbanisation and a high rate of urban population growth
2. a high level of urbanisation and a low level of urban population growth
3. a low level of urbanisation and a low rate of urban population growth
4. a high level of urbanisation and a high level of urban population growth.

Front 26

According to the view of Blau and Blau (1982) regions characterised by extreme inequality between racial groups experience the highest levels of....

Back 26

1. Violent
2. Economic
3. Sexual
4. Organised

Front 27

Researchers Guerry and Quetelet (1998) tried to identify the link between economic conditions, poverty and crime by comparing well-to-do areas in France with less privileged ones. Their research showed the following

Back 27

1. There is more crime in less privileged areas in which poor people lived and worked.
2. There is little discrepancy between the rich and poor in well to do areas with regard to theft.
3. Well-to-do areas offered more opportunity for theft because there were more things to steal.
4. The poor held a grudge against the rich and so stole from everyone.

Front 28

During a recession as opposed to a depression criminal tendencies may take effect because unemployed people

Back 28

1. compare themselves with the majority of people who do have work
2. are angry with the government because all the economic indicators are week
3. are at home and the possibility of criminal activities are increased
4. are frustrated by poor economic conditions and see crime as a way of improving quality of life

Front 29

Negative affective states related to feelings of anger and aggression are linked to ...

Back 29

1. Moffit's developmental theory
2. Hagan's power control theory
3. Agnew's general strain theory
4. Gottfredson and Hirschi's GCT

Front 30

List one factor that has contributed to an increase in family disintegration

Back 30

1. culture
2. multiple fathers
3. divorce
4. same-sex parents

Front 31

In 2010 the definition of the traditional family is no longer applicable. Which type of family should also be recognised?

Back 31

1. Same-sex households
2. child-headed households
3. single-parent households
4. broken households

Front 32

Young people from a .... family display less disorderly behaviour than young people whose parents are divorced.

Back 32

1 dysfunctional

2 disorganised

3 enmeshed

4 broken

Front 33

Rejection by peers and neurological and psychological problems are associated with

Back 33

1. adolescent-limited offenders
2. life-course-persistent offenders
3. adolescent-course offenders
4. life-course limited offenders

Front 34

Which theory perceives peer associations, alcohol abuse, aggressive feelings and carrying of weapons as linked to male criminal behaviour?

Back 34

1. Agnew's general strain theory
2. Moffit's developmental theory
   
3. Gottfredson and Hirschi's GCT
   
4. Hagan's power control theory
   

Front 35

Gender differences in crime, economic power and parental control are associated with ...

Back 35

1. Hagan's power control theory
   
2. Moffit's developmental theory
   
3. Gottfredson and Hirschi's GCT
   
4. Agnew's general strain theory
   

Front 36

Females tend to internalise stress and they blame themselves for their problems while males alleviate their stress via aggression, deviation. This principle is representative of the

Back 36

1. General strain theory
2. General crime theory
3. developmental theory
4. power control theory

Front 37

Since 1994, which of the following countries has been involved in the import and export of drugs?

Back 37

1. Afghanistan
2. Brazil
3. South Africa
4. Nigeria

Front 38

Which of the following is not a contributory factor towards the increase in drug trafficking?

Back 38

1. lack of parental supervision
2. unemployment and poverty
3. economic benefits
4. stringent border control measures

Front 39

What is five times more addictive than morphine and when taken with alcohol can be fatal?

Back 39

1. Buprenorphine
   
2. Rohypnol
3. Oxycodon
4. Welconal

Front 40

According to the Medical Research Council, the use of illegal stimulants such as ... is on the increase in South Africa

Back 40

1. ecstasy
2. cat
3. heroin
4. cannabis

Front 41

Which of the following is also known as the date-rape drug?

Back 41

1. amphetamines
2. dagga
3. cocaine
4. flunitrazepam

Front 42

What is the street name of heroin in Pretoria?

Back 42

1. ugah
2. pinch
3. nyaope
4. plazana

Front 43

The use and abuse of ketamine hydrocholoride results in a sensation of dissociation and unconsciousness within

Back 43

1. Five minutes
2. One minute
3. two minutes
4. 10 minutes

Front 44

Which of the following drugs was first synthesised in 1912 by a German company?

Back 44

1. Marijuana
2. cocaine
3. ecstasy
4. heroin

Front 45

Certain characteristics make drug addicts more prone to develop an addiction. These factors include

Back 45

1. genetic make-up, neurological and physical constitution
2. personality, neurological and physical constitution
3. genetic make-up, upbringing and social circumstances
4. mental illness, genetics and personality

Front 46

Signs of withdrawal from the central nervous system depressants include which of the following?

Back 46

1. tremors, shakiness, convulsions and muscle pain
2. severe depression and psychotic episodes
3. paranoid delusions and visual hallucinations
4. violent and homicidal behaviour

Front 47

Withdrawal from stimulants substances leads to severe withdrawal symptoms which include

Back 47

1. tremors, shakiness, convulsions and muscle pain
2. severe depression, psychotic episodes and paranoid delusions
   
3. mental confusion, delirium and malfunctioning circulatory system
4. vomiting and sweating

Front 48

Which of the following drugs is used to aid in the commission of sexual assault, leaving victims unable to clearly recall, if at all, the assault, the assailant, or the events surrounding the assault?

Back 48

1. Valium
2. heroin
3. Rohypnol
4. gamma hydroxybutyrate

Front 49

How would the use of ketamine make the user vulnerable and contribute to his committing a crime?

Back 49

1. Abuse contributes to the sensation of strangeness or "dissociation".
2. the user may move around with purpose and exhibit well-planned responses.
3. Psychological dangers include feelings of vulnerability
4. The user does not display aggressive behaviour and is passive

Front 50

What substance is a mixture of heroin and dagga and is one of the popular drugs, "the new kid on the block", in the South African drug scene?

Back 50

1. tik
2. nyaope
3. gamma
4. Rohypnol

Front 51

It is important that any intervention such as a drug prevention or support programme, be instituted before which of the following stages is reached in the path of addiction?

Back 51

1. learned behaviour
2. experimentation
3. frequent use
4. progression to more frequent use and harder substances