Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Jackson-Pratt and Penrose are examples of:
A drains B sutures C rongeurs D needles |
A drains
|
Jackson-Pratt and Penrose are examples of surgical drains.
|
|
|
An Esmarch bandage is used to:
A stabilize a fractured bone. B cover a burn wound. C exsanguinate a limb before surgery. D wrap the elbow. |
C exsanguinate a limb before surgery.
|
An Esmarch (es´ mark) bandage is used as a tourniquet before and during surgery. The bandage is wrapped firmly to apply pressure to the limb in order to prevent blood flow into the distal limb.
|
|
|
Which of the following is the causative agent of walking pneumonia?
A Mycoplasma pneumoniae B Mycobacteria tuberculosis C HPV D HIV |
A Mycoplasma pneumoniae
|
Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes primary atypical pneumonia, also known as walking pneumonia. This form of pneumonia is often not severe enough to require bedrest or hospitalization, hence the name. Mycobacteria tuberculosis is the causative agent of TB, or tuberculosis. HPV is the abbreviation for human papillomavirus, a sexually transmitted disease which causes genital warts, and in some cases, cervical cancer. HIV is the abbreviation for human immunodeficiency virus, the causative agent in AIDS.
|
|
|
The procedure that sutures the fundus of the stomach around the gastroesophageal junction to treat gastroesophageal reflux is called:
A cecoplication B gastroplication C esophagoplication D fundoplication |
D fundoplication
|
The root word plico means fold. Terms using this root word describe procedures that involve folds or tucks. Gastroplication is a procedure to reduce the size of the stomach by suturing longitudinal folds. Esophagoplication repairs outpouches or dilations of the esophagus and cecoplication repairs outpouches or dilations of the cecum.
|
|
|
Which of the following tests is used to assess the integrity of the peripheral nerves?
A electronystagmogram B EEG C MCV D NCV |
D NCV
|
NCV is the abbreviation for nerve conduction velocity. Damaged nerves often show decreased conduction and therefore decreased velocity of the electrical impulse traveling the course of the nerve. An NCV is often performed along with an EMG, or electromyelogram. MCV stands for mean corpuscular volume, which describes the size of a red blood cell. An ENG, or electronystagmogram, is used to assess nystagmus. An EEG, or electroencephalogram, is used to measure electrical potential of the brain using electrodes attached to the scalp.
|
|
|
Which of the following would be a normal finding in a person recovering from anemia due to a traumatic bleed?
A blasts B sickle cells C schistocytes D reticulocytes |
D reticulocytes
|
Reticulocytes are immature red cells. They often appear in the peripheral blood when the marrow is trying to quickly raise the red cell count in the peripheral blood. A high reticulocyte count would be worrisome under normal circumstances, but is a positive sign of recovery for individuals who have recently suffered a low hematocrit. Schistocytes are pieces of red cell membranes; they are often the result of mechanical shredding of red cells caused by a prosthetic heart value or disseminated intravascular coagulation. Sickle cells are the result of an inherited chromosomal defect that alters the shape of hemoglobin. Blasts are extremely immature, undifferentiated white cells.
|
|
|
Which of the following is used to treat hypertension?
A Nolvadex B Noritate C naproxen D Norvasc |
D Norvasc
|
Norvasc is a calcium channel blocker used to lower blood pressure by relaxing the walls of blood vessels and widening the internal caliber of vessels. Noritate is a topical antibiotic that is typically used to treat rosacea. Naproxen is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory, and Nolvadex is an antineoplastic agent used to treat breast cancer.
|
|
|
The normal range for arterial blood pH is:
A 2.0 to 3.5 B .0% to 3.5% C 7.35 % to 7.45% D 7.35 to 7.45 |
D 7.35 to 7.45
|
The pH of blood is maintained in a very tight range of 7.35 to 7.45. Even slight changes in blood pH have ominous consequences. Answer C is incorrect because pH is not reported as a percent. The pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration, and pH stands for "potency of hydrogen." A pH of 7 is neutral; below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is alkaline.
|
|
|
"He has occasional palpitations as well as edema after sitting or standing for a prolonged period of time. He also has dyspnea on mild-to-moderate exertion, especially over the last couple of months. He also complains of right calf discomfort when walking for about half a block. He has to stop, and his discomfort is typically relieved after a few minutes.
His weight is 220 pounds. Blood pressure of 116/74 mmHg is well controlled on Norvasc. Heart rate is 85 beats per minute. The echocardiogram done today showed good left ventricular systolic function with no segmental wall motion abnormalities or left ventricular hypotrophy. Mild aortic sclerosis was also seen." Which of the following was transcribed incorrectly in the above passage? A palpitations B mmHg C systolic D hypotrophy |
D hypotrophy
|
The patient is known to be hypertensive, yet controlled, on Norvasc. Since hypertension is known to enlarge the left ventricle, the physician would be checking for left ventricular hypertrophy, not hypotrophy.
|
|
|
Which of the following scales is used to assess the physical status of a newborn infant?
A Karnofsky B Apgar C APGAR D Cattell |
B Apgar
|
The Apgar scale, named for Virginia Apgar, MD, is used to assess the physical status of a newborn infant, but this term is often confused with the acronym APGAR (adaptation, partnership, growth, affection, resolve), which is a family assessment instrument. The Karnofsky scale is used to assess a person's activity level after a therapeutic procedure, especially chemotherapy. The Cattell Infant Intelligence Scale is used to assess the cognitive development of infants 3 to 30 months of age.
|
|
|
Which of the following is transcribed correctly?
A A wide S wave is seen in leads 2, V5, and V6. The QRS is also prolonged as in right bundle branch block. B A wide S wave is seen in leads II, V5, and V6. The QRS is also prolonged as in right bundle branch block. C A wide S-wave is seen in leads II, V5, and V6. The QRS is also prolonged as in right bundled branch lock. D A wide S wave is seen in leads II, V-5, and V-6. The QRS is also prolonged as in right bundle branch block. |
B A wide S wave is seen in leads II, V5, and V6. The QRS is also prolonged as in right bundle branch block.
|
The bipolar leads are designated with roman numerals (I, II, and III). Precordial leads are written with a capital V and arabic numbers (V1, V2, V3). Subscripts may also be used (V1, V2, V3), but hyphens are not used.
|
|
|
"He has occasional palpitations as well as edema after sitting or standing for a prolonged period of time. He also has dyspnea on mild-to-moderate exertion, especially over the last couple of months. He also complains of right calf discomfort when walking for about half a block. He has to stop, and his discomfort is typically relieved after a few minutes.
His weight is 220 pounds. Blood pressure of 116/74 mmHg is well controlled on Norvasc. Heart rate is 85 beats per minute. The echocardiogram done today showed good left ventricular systolic function with no segmental wall motion abnormalities or left ventricular hypotrophy. Mild aortic sclerosis was also seen." Based on the above passage, the assessment might include: A claudication B type 2 diabetes C congestive heart failure D tachycardia |
A claudication
|
Clues to indicate claudication include calf discomfort after walking a short distance that is relieved with rest. Congestive heart failure is not as likely as the patient only has edema after sitting or standing. The heart rate of 85 is not tachycardic.
|
|
|
Which of the following is transcribed correctly?
A Return to the clinic for further blood tests to look for rheumatoid factors and an ESR or nonspecific measure of inflammation. B Return to the clinic for further blood tests to look for rheumatoid factors and an ESR, or nonspecific measure of inflammation. C Return to the clinic for further blood tests to look for rheumatoid factors and an EFR or nonspecific measure of inflammation. D Return to the clinic for further blood tests to look for rheumatoid factors and an EFR, or nonspecific measure of inflammation. |
B Return to the clinic for further blood tests to look for rheumatoid factors and an ESR, or nonspecific measure of inflammation.
|
The correct abbreviation is ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate), not EFR. The phrase "or nonspecific measure of inflammation" is an appositive, not a separate test, and should be set off by a comma. Appositives identify or explain the nouns or pronouns which they modify.
|
|
|
Which of the following best completes this sentence: "History of confusion with severe left internal _______ artery stenosis seen on Doppler exam."
A carotid B thoracic C parotid D mammary |
A carotid
|
Severe carotid artery stenosis can cause confusion or other neurological symptoms due to decreased oxygen reaching the brain. The carotid artery is commonly assessed using Doppler ultrasound. The internal mammary artery, also known as the internal thoracic artery, is not in a physiological position to cause brain hypoxia leading to confusion. There is not an internal parotid artery.
|
|
|
The suffix -pramine is indicative of which class of pharmaceuticals?
A Tricyclic antidepressants B Antihypertensives C Hyperglycemics D Birth control pills |
A Tricyclic antidepressants
|
The tricyclic antidepressants include desipramine, imipramine, clomipramine, and trimipramine. Amitriptyline and nortriptyline are also classified as tricyclic antidepressants but do not contain the suffix -pramine. These were the most commonly prescribed antidepressants until they were supplanted by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Common brand names of tricyclic antidepressants include Pamelor, Elavil, Tofranil, and Sinequan.
|
|
|
Which of the following scales is used to assess the physical status of a newborn infant?
A Karnofsky B Apgar C APGAR D Cattell |
B Apgar
|
The Apgar scale, named for Virginia Apgar, MD, is used to assess the physical status of a newborn infant, but this term is often confused with the acronym APGAR (adaptation, partnership, growth, affection, resolve), which is a family assessment instrument. The Karnofsky scale is used to assess a person's activity level after a therapeutic procedure, especially chemotherapy. The Cattell Infant Intelligence Scale is used to assess the cognitive development of infants 3 to 30 months of age.
|
|
|
The physician dictates "ach flu." This slang term refers to:
A a viral syndrome. B Haemophilus influenza C Asian influenza D Hong Kong influenza |
B Haemophilus influenza
|
H flu is the commonly used abbreviated or slang form for Haemophilus influenza, a gram-negative coccobacilli which causes meningitis, conjunctivitis (pink eye) and otitis in children. In adults, it typically causes sinusitis and bronchitis. It was once thought to cause influenza, hence its name. The Hib vaccine is now given to infants and children, primarily to prevent bacterial meningitis caused by H influenza serotype B.
|
|
|
The ilium is:
A part of the hip bone B a bone in the foot C part of the intestine D a bone in the skull |
A part of the hip bone
|
This is an often-confused sound-alike. Ileum, spelled with an e, corresponds to a part of the intestine while the spelling with an i refers to the large, flaring bone of the hip.
|
|
|
Which of the following tests is used in combination with a PT (prothrombin time) to assess Coumadin (anticoagulation) therapy?
A INR B MCH C d-dimer D fibrinogen |
A INR
|
INR (international normalized ratio) is used to report a standardized result for coagulation studies in patients on Coumadin therapy. Each batch of thromboplastin reagent (the agent used in the testing process) varies slightly, causing the prothrombin time result to vary. To avoid fluctuating PT results, the lab calculates the INR based on a sensitivity index for the particular batch of thromboplastin used. In this way, clinicians are sure to get consistent results for monitoring Coumadin therapy regardless of the lab or equipment used to perform the test. A PT/INR is actually one test (the PT) with results reported in two ways.
|
|
|
Sessile means:
A attached by a slender stalk B having slender filaments C having a broad base of attachment D flimsy |
C having a broad base of attachment
|
Sessile comes from the Latin word sissilis meaning low-growing. A pedunculated polyp is attached by means of a flimsy stalk.
|
|
|
The root word ictal means:
A yellow B inside C eye D seizure |
D seizure
|
Ictal (ictus) pertains to a stroke or seizure and should not be confused with icterus, meaning jaundice. Preictal and postictal are common terms using this root word and refer to the time immediately preceding and following a seizure. Lamictal, a prophylactic medication for epilepsy, also uses this root word.
|
