Cmst Test 2

Front 1

The 7 Basic assumptions of Performance Studies

Back 1

1. Performance studies examine behavior as an object of study.

2. Performance studies involves doing performance.

3. Participant Observation

4. Frequently involved in social practices and advocacy

5. Performance should be seen as a broad spectrum or continuum of behaviors.

6. Performance studies views culture group in two ways: Always interacting, and having distinct identities.

7. We live in a world of multiple literacies, which are performed.

Front 2

The two histories of Performance Studies

Back 2

1. The NYU line:

-Emerged from Theatre.

-"Psychological realism"
-Gets "staged" in someway - example protests, ballet, street performance.

Hint 2

2. The Northwestern University Line (LSU)

-Emerged from Oral Interpretation.

1. Rhetoric and public address
2. English departments
3. Idea of Oral interpretation contested.
4. "Active Engagement" when interpreting yourself.
5. Investigate proces of meaning - how?
6. Should look at non-canonical literature?

*** Emphasis on literature MORE than the NYU Line.****

Front 3

In the Two Histories of Performance Studies, the _____ line emerged from Theatre, while the ____ line emerged from oral interpretation

Back 3

NYU = emerged from theatre
Northwestern = emerged from oral interpretation

Front 4

Which line of history emphasized "Psychological realism" ?

Back 4

The NYU Line

Front 5

Which line of history contested the idea of Oral interpretation?

Back 5

The Northwestern University Line

Front 6

What is meant by calling Performance Studies interdisciplinary and anti-disciplinary?

Back 6

It is Interdisciplinary in the fact that it:

-Will take from any knowledge base to understand/interpret

-Anthropology, Sociology, Technology.

-Causes and reasons for affects- broad!

Hint 6

It is anti-disciplinary in that it is:

-NOT limited
-Free to look everywhere and include everything.

Front 7

In the "Participant Observation" assumption of Performance studies....:

Back 7

The method used to STUDY performance. You observe by being a participant.

Hint 7

Example:

Studying bluegrass people by touring as a beginner. (ethnography)

Front 8

What assumption of performance studies emphasizes "entering into the role", and "revealing more than just the study of..."

Back 8

Performance studies involves DOING the performance.

Hint 8

Heuristic: potentially receive additional meanings you cannot get from the inside.

Front 9

The Internet and text messages would be an example of _____ literacies.

Back 9

Electronic Literacy

Front 10

Nonverbals would be an example of ______ literacies.

Back 10

Body literacies

Front 11

Jargin, and categories of music would be examples of ______ literacies.

Back 11

Aural literacies

Front 12

Art would be an example of ____ literacies.

Back 12

Visual literacies

Front 13

In the ____ approach to examining performance, it is something WRITTEN, and does not need to be traditional. It's the object, form, and action.

Back 13

Text

Front 14

In the ___ approach to examining performance, it's the scene, setting, and purpose of the event.

Back 14

Event

Front 15

In the ____ approach to examining performance, it's the actor, group, and volunteer from the audience.

Back 15

Performer

Front 16

In the ___ approach to examining performance, it's the public and private, and the difference between both.

Back 16

Audience

Front 17

A ____ offers an account of what something is, how it works, what it produces or causes to happen, and what can change how it operates.

Back 17

Theory

Front 18

The 6 goals of a Theory:

Back 18

1. Describe
2. Explain.
3. Predict.
4. Control.
5. Understand.
6. Reform.

Front 19

The 5 standards for evaluating theories:

Back 19

1. Scope
2. Testability
3. Parismony
4. Utility
5. Heurism

Front 20

Which standard of evaluating theories refers to the range of phenomena a theory describes and explains?

Back 20

Scope

Front 21

When talking about the "Scope" of evaluating a theory, the _____ based explanation argues that anytime X happens, Y will follow, or that x and y are usually related.

Back 21

Laws-based explanation.

Front 22

When talking about the "Scope" of evaluating a theory, the _____ based explanation does not claim to offer any universal laws about human communication

Back 22

Rules-based explanation

Front 23

When talking about the "Scope" of evaluating a theory, the _____ law states that X causes Y, or Y happens because of X.

Back 23

Causal law

Front 24

When talking about the "Scope" of evaluating a theory, the _____ law says only that two things go together, but does not assert that one causes another.

Back 24

Correlational Law

Front 25

This standard of evaluating theories asks whether the claims advanced by a theory can be investigated to determine their accuracy.

Back 25

Testability.

Front 26

The ___ standard of evaluating theories emphasizes appropriate simplicity.

Back 26

Parismony

Front 27

The ___ standard of evaluating theories refers to the degree to which a theory provokes new ideas, insights, thinking, and research.

Back 27

Heurism

Front 28

The ___ standard of evaluating theories emphasizes the practical value, and should be based on the goals of that particular theory.

Back 28

Utility

Front 29

The "Point-of-View" perspective.

Back 29

theories express a point of view; a way of making senses of experiences, situations, events, or other phenomena

Front 30

The "Absolute Truth" perspective.

Back 30

because human beings create theories, the theories include points of view that keep them from being absolutely objective descriptions of reality

Front 31

Why do some theories work together but others don't?

Back 31

Some theories cannot work together because they reflect fundamentally opposed views of human beings or of knowledge.


When the foundations of two or more theories are inconsistent, they are incompatible

Front 32

The specific scope of a theory is defined by:

Back 32

the specific aspects of communication it seeks to describe or explain

Front 33

Food for thought:

No Theory can address all communication or even all facets of a single type of communication.

Back 33

.....

Front 34

What does Mead mean by "Symbolic Interaction?"

Back 34

That it's still useful. "We are symbolic creatures."

He regarded symbols as the foundations of both personal and social life.

Front 35

Means "Born without a mind or self."

Back 35

Tabula Rasa

Front 36

Mind

Back 36

The ability to use symbols having common social set of meanings.

Society provides you with meanings in symbolic form.

Front 37

Self

Back 37

The ability to reflect on ourselves from others' perspectives.

We develop an idea of who we are by how others think of us.

Front 38

What is the similarity between "Self" and "Mind"?

Back 38

You're born without both of them, and they're both shaped by social interactions....


Mind: the ability to use symbols that have common SOCIAL meanings.

Self: developed through interactions with OTHERS.

Front 39

The Definition of "I"

Back 39

Impulsive, spontaneous, and generally unburdened by social rules and restrictions.

Front 40

The definition of "Me"

Back 40

The socially-conscious part of the self, who reflects on the I's impulses and actions.

Front 41

The "I" views the self as a(n) _____, while the "Me" views the self as a(n) _______.

Back 41

I = subject.

Me = object.

Front 42

What is the difference between the "Particular Others" and the "Generalized Other"?

Back 42

The "Particular Others" are individuals that are significant to us, while the "Generalized" other is a viewpoint of a social group, community, or a society as a whole.

Front 43

How does the "Particular Others" and "Generalized Other" contribute to meaning making?

Back 43

• With particular others, meanings are less likely to misinterpreted because our particular others are closer and understand the relationship

• Whereas, with generalized others, meanings can be misinterpreted easily because of public situations

• Example on pg. 93-94

Front 44

The critical assessment of SI:

Back 44

The theory has conceptual inconsistencies, is too vague and broad, and neglects self-esteem.

Front 45

____ theory states that we have a need to know how our needs and abilities stack up with other people.

Back 45

Social Comparison Theory

Front 46

What theory operates off the premise that life is a drama and that it can be understood in dramatic terms?

Back 46

"Dramatism"

(Kenneth Burke)

Front 47

Why is Kenneth Burke's theory called "Dramatism"?

Back 47

Burke believed that life is a drama and its understood in dramatic terms.

Front 48

In Kenneth Burke's "Dramatism", _______ is understanding that each person is a distinct substance, a holistic essence derived from the interaction among all aspects of that individual.

Back 48

Identification.

Front 49

In Kenneth Burke's "Dramatism", _____ is the central motive for human action, specifically communication.

Back 49

Guilt.

Front 50

In Kenneth Burke's "Dramatism", _____ states that guilt can be around both by being above some people, and by not being higher ourselves in the social hierarchy.

Back 50

Hierarchy.

Front 51

In Kenneth Burke's "Dramatism," _____ states that guilt arises because of the gap between relationship, and the perfection that we can imagine.

Back 51

Perfection.

Front 52

In Kenneth Burke's "Dramatism", the two types of Identification:

Back 52

1. Consubstantiality: Identification with others.

2. Substance:
General nature or essence of a thing.

Front 53

In Kenneth Burke's "Dramatism", ______, a characteristic of "Purging Guilt", is when we blame ourselves.

Back 53

Mortification.

Front 54

In Kenneth Burke's "Dramatism", ______, a characteristic of "Purging Guilt", involves identifying an external source for some apparent failing or sin.

Back 54

Victimage.

Front 55

In Kenneth Burke's "Dramatism", ______, a characteristic of "Purging Guilt",is the placing of sins into a sacrificial vessel whose destruction serves to cleanse an individual or group of sin.

Back 55

Scapgoating.

Front 56

What does Burke ultimately see all of his terms describing?

Back 56

Life is a drama filled with conflict & division that threatens the existing order.

Front 57

A Tool that provides a structure for analyzing human actions. It consists of the act, scene, agent, purpose, and attitude.

Back 57

The Dramatistic Pentad. (Hexad)

(Read over the study guide)

Front 58

In Walter Fisher's "Narrative Paradigm", Fisher defines narrations as:

Back 58

"Symbolic actions-words and/or deeds that have sequence and meaning for those who live, create, or interpret them."

Front 59

Why does Fisher define Narration ("Symbolic actions-words and/or deeds that have sequence and meaning for those who live, create, or interpret them." ) so broadly?

Back 59

o If we accept this definition, its difficult to identify communication that doesn’t qualify as narration.


o That, thought Fisher, is exactly why it is appropriate to describe and explain communication as storytelling

Front 60

What other paradigm is Fisher contrasting his narrative pardigm with?

Back 60

The Rational World Paradigm.

Front 61

What does Fisher's narrative paradigm able to do?

Back 61

o Opens up new ways of thinking about communication, persuasion, and belief; evidence and reasoning alone should guide what we believe and do

Front 62

In Fisher's narrative paradigm, "Rational ______" states that not all stories are equally compelling and have the same power to gain our belief; We judge stories on the basis of a distinctively narrative form of rationality.

Back 62

Narrative rationality.

Front 63

In Fisher's narrative paradigm, "Rational ______" says ask if a story has internal coherence; do all parts of the story seem to fit together? Does the story make sense?

Back 63

Narrative coherence.

Front 64

In Fisher's narrative paradigm, "Rational ______" is the extent to which a story resonates with listeners' personal experiences and beliefs.

Back 64

Narrative fidelity.

Front 65

What does Victor Turner mean by "Homo performans"?

Back 65

Humans are defined by their participation in rituals, social drama, and improvisational, creative performances in daily life.

Front 66

Dramaturgical Theory is based on what comprehensive metaphor?

Back 66

Life is drama, you're the characters.

Front 67

What is the "Dramaturgical Model?"

Back 67

This model likens ordinary social interaction to theatrical performance.