Cmst 2010

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A fear or anxiety pertaining to the communication process.

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Communication Apprehension

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A fear or anxiety pertaining to communication with people from different cultural backgrounds.

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intercultural communication apprehension

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the process of message transaction between two people to create and sustain shared meaning

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interpersonal communication

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when used to describe interpersonal communication an ongoing, unending, vibrant activity that always changes.

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process

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the transaction of verbal and nonverbal messages being sent simultaneously between two people

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message exchange

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what communicators create together through the use of verbal and nonverbal messages.

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meaning

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visual simplified representations of complex relatinoships in the communication process

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communication models

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a characterization of communication as a one way process that transmits a messgae from a sender to a receiver

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linear model of communication

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the source of a message

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sender

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spoken, written or unspoken information sent from a sender to a receiver

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message

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intended target of a message

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receiver

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a pathway through which a message is sent

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channel

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anything that interferes with accurate transmission or reception of a message. see also physical noise, physiological noise, psychological noise, and semantic noise.

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noise

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any stimuli outside of a sender or a receiver that interfere with the transmission or reception of a message

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physical noise (external noise)

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biological influences on a sender or a receiver that interfere with the transmission or reception of a message

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physiological noise

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biases, prejudices, and feelings that interfere with the accurate transmission or reception of a message

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psychological noise (internal noise)

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occurs when senders and receivers apply different meanings to the same message. may take form of jargon or technical language that is familiar to speaker but unfamiliar to listener.

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semantic noise

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the environment in which a message is sent

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context

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the tangible environment in which communication occurs

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physical context

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the cultural environment in which communication occurs

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cultural context

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the relational and emotional environment in which communication occurs

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social emotional context

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a type of context in which messages are understood in relationship to previously sent messages

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historical context

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characterization of communication as a two way process in which a message is sent from sender to receiver and from receiver to sender

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interactional model of communication

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a verbal or non verbal response to a message

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feedback

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feedback we give ourselves when we assess our own communication

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internal feedback

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the feedback we receive from other people

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external feedback

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characterization of communication as the reciprocal sending and receiving of messages. in a transactional encounter, the sender and receiver do not simply send meaning from one to the other and then back again; rather they build shared meaning through simultaneous sending and receiving

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transactional model of communication

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the influence of a persons culture, past experiences personal history and heredity on the communication process

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field of experience

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the prior relationship experiences two people share

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relational history

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negotiable rules that indicate what two relational partners expect and allow when they talk to each other.

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relational rules

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the wyas in which the particular relationship of two relational partners stands apart from other relationships they experience

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relational uniqueness

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process of gaining information about ourselves in an effort to tap our full potential our spontaneity and our talents to cultivate our strengths and eliminate our shortcomings

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self actualization (Abraham Maslow)

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the fact that our communication with others cannot be "unsaid" or reversed

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irreversibility

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study of signs and symbols in relations to their form and content

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semiotics

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arbitrary labels or representations for feelings, concepts, objects or events

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symbols

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a prescribed guide that indicates what behavior is obligated, preferred or prohibited in certain contexts

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rule

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verbal and nonverbal information contained in a message that indicates the topic of the message

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content level

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the information contained in a message that indicates how the sender wants the receiver to interpret the message

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relationship level

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Negative communication exchanges between people such as manipulation, deceit, and verbal aggression

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dark side of interpersonal communication

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altruistic, supportive and affirming communication exchanges between people

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bright side of interpersonal communication

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the perceived rightness or wrongness of an action or behavior, determined in large part by society

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ethics

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an ethical system based on the work of philosopher immanuel kant, that advances the notion that indiviuals follow moral absolutes. the underlying tenet in this ethical system suggests that we should act as an example to others

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categorical imperative

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an ethical system develpoed by john stuart mill that suggests that what is ethical will bring the greatest good for the greatest number of people. in this system consequences of moral actions especially maximizing satisfaction and happiness, are important

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utilitarianism

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an ethical system, articulated by aristotle that proposes a persons moral virtue stands betwen two vices, with the middle or the mean being the foundation for a rational society.

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golden mean

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an ethical system, based on the concepts of carol gilligan that is concerned with the connections among people and moral consequences of decisions

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ethic of care

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an ethical system, conceptualized by thomas nilsen, underscoring the belief that communication is ethical to the extent that it maximezes our ability to exercise free choice. in this system information shoulb e given to others in a noncoercive way so that peopel can make free and informed decisions

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signifcant choice

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ability to communicate with knowledge, skills and thoughfulness

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communication competency

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the acceptance of another persona as an equal partner in achieving meaning during communication

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civil communication