Cms Final Exam

Front 1

What is audience-focus?

Back 1

to use delivery as a tool to help shape your interaction and involve your audience

Front 2

What is extemporaneous speaking?

Back 2

presentation style that is practiced

Front 3

What is factual illustration?

Back 3

a detailed accounting that makes several points

Front 4

What is logos?

Back 4

logical appeals

Front 5

What is message-focus?

Back 5

To focus too much on the message, creating a rift between the speaker and the audience

Front 6

What is pathos?

Back 6

emotional appeals

Front 7

What is self-focus?

Back 7

to focus too much on what the speaker herself is doing rather than connecting with the audience

Front 8

What is specific instance?

Back 8

an undeveloped example that always follow a factual illustration

Front 9

What is an attitude?

Back 9

a learned disposition of feeling toward something

Front 10

What is a belief?

Back 10

an understanding that something is true or false

Front 11

What is cognitive dissonance?

Back 11

a state of conflicting thoughts or emotions that produces tension that a person works to reduce

Front 12

What are criteria?

Back 12

bases on which judgments are made

Front 13

What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

Back 13

suggest that there are physiological, safety, social, self-esteem, and self-actualization needs that people desire to have fulfilled

Front 14

What is Monroe's Motivated Sequence?

Back 14

attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action

Front 15

What is persuasion?

Back 15

the process of influence

Front 16

What is a question of fact?

Back 16

determines whether an issue exists

Front 17

What is a question of policy?

Back 17

determines whether or not an issue is governed by a policy that should be implemented or changed

Front 18

What is a question of value?

Back 18

determines whether an issue is important or relevant and why

Front 19

What is rhetoric?

Back 19

discovering the available means of persuasion in any given situation

Front 20

What is Statis theory?

Back 20

a way of asking questions to determine the main issue of an argument or debate

Front 21

What is a target audience?

Back 21

listeners you most want to influence

Front 22

What is a veil of ignorance?

Back 22

means of "shielding" your eyes from things that might bias you against an argument

Front 23

What is a value?

Back 23

a deeply felt ethical stance toward something

Front 24

What is brainstorming?

Back 24

a group problem-solving technique characterized by spoontaneous and unrestrained discussion or a written list of free-flowing ideas

Front 25

What is cause-effect?

Back 25

a speech arrangement used to discuss a problem and the causes of the problem or a problem and the consequences of the problem; best for persuasive speeches, never informative

Front 26

What is connective?

Back 26

words or phrases that connect your ideas together and indicate how they are related to each other

Front 27

What is credibility?

Back 27

Your listeners perceive you as qualified to discuss your topic because you are believable, competent, and trustworthy

Front 28

What is a delivery outline?

Back 28

a brief outline intended to jog your memory while you deliver your presentation

Front 29

What is a final summary?

Back 29

a recap of the main points at the conclusion of the presentation

Front 30

What is a formal outline?

Back 30

a detailed and complete outline intended to help you prepare your speech

Front 31

What is a general purpose?

Back 31

a broad purpose for your speech, which is usually to inform, persuade, or entertain

Front 32

What is an initial preview?

Back 32

a sentence in the introduction that lets the audience know what is coming in the body of the speech

Front 33

What is an internal preview?

Back 33

sentences used in the main body of the speech to indicate what will be covered in the key points

Front 34

What is an internal summary?

Back 34

statements used during the presentation to summarize what you just said

Front 35

What is mindmapping?

Back 35

a method to generate ideas and determine relationships among ideas for presentations before organizing your outline

Front 36

What is primacy?

Back 36

your audience will remember what they heard first

Front 37

What is a problem-solution?

Back 37

a speech arrangement that explores either the causes or consequences of a problem and then offers a solution that addresses the problem

Front 38

What is recency?

Back 38

your audience will remember what they heard last

Front 39

What is signpost?

Back 39

a verbal or nonverbal signal that the speaker is moving from one topic to another

Front 40

What is sorting?

Back 40

an idea-organizing method for speech preparation that uses note cards so that you may re-stack and re-group ideas that go together

Front 41

What is spatial?

Back 41

a speech arrangement that is organized by geographic location or direction

Front 42

What is a specific purpose?

Back 42

a single concise aspect of your topic and what you hope to accomplish in your presentation

Front 43

What is topical?

Back 43

a speech arrangement that uses naturally occurring parts, sections, or divisions, which may or may not be arbitrary; goes best with topics that can be broken down into subtopics

Front 44

What is causal reasoning?

Back 44

assumes that the one event influences or controls other events

Front 45

What is a causal relationship?

Back 45

arising from a cause

Front 46

What is a connotative meaning?

Back 46

Suggestive or indirect meaning

Front 47

What is a deductive relationship?

Back 47

the deriving of a conclusion by reasoning; interference in which the conclusion about particulars follows necessarily from general or universal premises; a conclusion reached by logical deduction

Front 48

What is a denotative meaning?

Back 48

standard or literal meaning

Front 49

What are emotive terms?

Back 49

of or relating to the emotions

Front 50

What are fallacies?

Back 50

an often plausible argument using false or invalid inference

Front 51

What is a generalization?

Back 51

a general statement, law principle, or proposition. The act or process whereby a response is made to a stimulus similar to but not identical with a reference stimulus

Front 52

What is an inference?

Back 52

the act of passing from one proposition, statement, or judgment considered as true to another whose truth is believed to follow from that of the former

Front 53

What is a probative value?

Back 53

serving to prove something or test it

Front 54

What is tautological reasoning?

Back 54

needless repetition of an idea or statement

Front 55

What is a testimony?

Back 55

firsthand authentication of a fact or evidence

Front 56

What is a design template?

Back 56

a pre-existing template included in PowerPoint software that unifies the color, scheme, graphics, and structure of a set of slides

Front 57

What is dual coding?

Back 57

a theory advanced by Allan Paivio and his colleagues that explains how humans cognitively process the simultaneous presentation of visual and verbal stimuli

Front 58

What are group items?

Back 58

a technique found in the "draw" menu that allows the presenter to link two objects together so they appear on a single animation

Front 59

What is a missed timing?

Back 59

an animation problem that occurs when an image is animated and it is the last item on the slide (often forgot about)

Front 60

What is a numerical clarifier?

Back 60

a chart or graph used to simplify and expalin numerical concepts

Front 61

What is an on-slide animation?

Back 61

a type of animation that controls how objects appear and disappear on slides

Front 62

What is over-clicking?

Back 62

a type of animation problem that occurs when a presenter hits the click button too many times and has to go back to reveal the desired content

Front 63

What is articulation?

Back 63

clearly pronouncing each syllable within each word

Front 64

What is enunciation?

Back 64

emphasizing one word or group of words within a sentence to highlight an idea

Front 65

What is manuscript speaking?

Back 65

reading verbatim from a prepared document

Front 66

What is speech voice?

Back 66

an unnatural, forced style of speaking that some adopt thinking it sounds more professional

Front 67

What is classification?

Back 67

a structural division that breaks a topic into "classes" of information

Front 68

What is dysfluencies?

Back 68

interruptions in languages, such as pauses and filler words

Front 69

What is ethos?

Back 69

credibility

Front 70

What is logos?

Back 70

logic

Front 71

What is narrative proof?

Back 71

a story used to support a claim

Front 72

What are supports?

Back 72

evidence supporting a claim

Front 73

What is unification?

Back 73

structural division in which all main points unify to support the thesis or central idea

Front 74

What are the different strategies of organizing a presentation?

Back 74

chronological, spatial, topical, problem solution and cause-effect

Front 75

What are different components in introducing a speech?

Back 75

1. attention getter
2. relevancy of topic
3. provide thesis
4. establish credibility
5. preview main points

Front 76

What are different components in concluding a speech?

Back 76

Summary of main goals and provides a sense of closure to overall presentation

Front 77

What is evidence?

Back 77

Information that you gather from your research and present to an audience in your speech to support your claim.

Front 78

What are the functions of evidence in a speech?

Back 78

1. help explore your subect's main qualities and characteristics
2. gives you a means to discuss your subects purpose and significance
3. elucidate your subects history and its influence on society
4. provide support needed to make a claim on your subect

Front 79

What are the different types of definition statements?

Back 79

etymological, categorical and oppositional

Front 80

What is an etymological definition?

Back 80

shows how a term's meaning has developed through time

Front 81

What is a categorical definition?

Back 81

explains how a term is either similar or different to other members of its class or subclass

Front 82

What is an oppositional definition?

Back 82

defines a term by indicating what it is not

Front 83

What are the purposes of using statistics in a speech?

Back 83

1. Showing the rate at which an entity changes over time
2. Representing an entity’s aggregate total and then dividing it into its per capita or individual rate
3. Comparing statistical data on two entities that are literally or figuratively alike

Front 84

What is a factual example?

Back 84

illustrates a real person, obect or event; confirms the existence of something and helps the audience recall similar instances

Front 85

What is a hypothetical example?

Back 85

creates an imaginary situation that allows your audience to visual what might happen under similar circumstances

Front 86

What is a case study?

Back 86

factual example that illustrates a subect in such a manner that is worthy of detailed analysis

Front 87

What are 3 types of case studies?

Back 87

1. a research study whose findings est a body of knowledge or a model for conducting further research on a subect
2. a prototypical example of a successful program that either has been copied or is deemed worthy of imitation
3. a precedent setting legal case that provides the basis for further rulings

Front 88

What is a narrative?

Back 88

a story that illustrates a point through the depiction of the story's various parts; can be real or fictitious

Front 89

What are the three types of narrative?

Back 89

1. Personal Narrative is a story about an actual experience
2. Report is a story documenting an event or events
3. Anecdote is a short story, amusing observation, or engaging comment (usually used as an attention-getter).

Front 90

What are literal analogies?

Back 90

comparison of two or more obects or ideas having overtly similar characteristics

Front 91

What are figurative analogies?

Back 91

comparing two ideas or obects that have distinctly different overt characteristics but share similar qualities or act in similar ways

Front 92

What is authoritative testimony?

Back 92

statements given by a credible authority or expert

Front 93

What is lay testimony?

Back 93

states opinion, expresses feelings, or recalls experience of someone who has had some personal involvement or sentiment with subject

Front 94

What is nominal testimony?

Back 94

general statement made by a well-known person that can be related to your subject

Front 95

What is inductive reasoning?

Back 95

process of examining a series of known occurences and drawing a general conclusion or of using a single instance to reason to a future instance of the same kind

Front 96

What is sign reasoning?

Back 96

uses an observable mark, or symptom, as proof of the evidence of a certain state of affairs

Front 97

What is parrallel case?

Back 97

asserting that because two items share similar characteristics, they will share results

Front 98

What is causal relation?

Back 98

concluding that one event influences the existence of a second, later event

Front 99

What is a hasty generalization?

Back 99

occurs when the conclusion is based on far too little evidence

Front 100

What is a genetic fallacy?

Back 100

argument rests on an origin, historical tradition, or sacred practice

Front 101

What is an appeal to ignorance?

Back 101

using incomplete knowledge

Front 102

What is an appeal to popular opinion?

Back 102

if others support the position then youre pressured into supporting it as well

Front 103

What is an appeal to authority?

Back 103

citing someone who is popular but not an expert as the basis for accepting a claim is an appropriate use of appeal to authority

Front 104

What is a sequential fallacy?

Back 104

“after this; therefore because of this”

Front 105

What is begging the question?

Back 105

circular or tautological reasoning

Front 106

What is ambiguity?

Back 106

a word may have more than one meaning, or a phrase may be misleading

Front 107

What is persuasive definition?

Back 107

value terms and other abstract concepts are open to special or skewed definitions that are unique to the person or group offering them

Front 108

What is name calling?

Back 108

involve attacking the person, rather than the argument

Front 109

What is dual coding?

Back 109

humans make seperate sense of auditory and visual stimuli; reason for using visual aids

Front 110

What are 3 types of visual aids?

Back 110

objects, visual representations, and numerical clarifiers

Front 111

What are key elements you need to consider when designing your presentation for message clarity?

Back 111

create a consistent look and feel; color combinations and gradients; design texts for readability; creative considerations

Front 112

How do verbal delivery tools improve your presentation?

Back 112

they help your audience to understand, remember and embrace your presentation

Front 113

Explain 5 guidelines for choosing a topic

Back 113

1. Appropriate: isn't over listener's heads
2. Isn't too personal
3. Intriguing topic
4. Manageable
5. Substance

Front 114

What are the four types of evidence?

Back 114

factual instance, specific instance, expert testimony, and statistical

Front 115

What is narrative pathos?

Back 115

emotional and helps to draw your audience into your speech by making it real for them through use of story

Front 116

What is obective logos?

Back 116

refers to hard numbers and stats but helps paint a global picture

Front 117

What is persuasion?

Back 117

the process of influence

Front 118

What are different levels of influence?

Back 118

attitudes, beliefs, values
(easiest to influence to most difficult)

Front 119

What are the different motivational strategies of persuasion?

Back 119

contingency theory and Maslow's hierarchy of needs