Cms Earth's Processes

Front 1

A scientist who studies Earth

Back 1

Geologist

Front 2

Earth's outermost layer

Back 2

Crust

Front 3

Earth's thickest layer, this layer is below the crust

Back 3

Mantle

Front 4

this layer is liquid rock

Back 4

Outer core

Front 5

The solid, innermost layer of our Earth

Back 5

inner core

Front 6

Transfer of heat energy through solid matter

Back 6

Conduction

Front 7

Transfer of heat energy through liquid matter

Back 7

Convection

Front 8

the cycling of heated matter because of the differences in density; scientists believe this is why the plates move

Back 8

convection currents

Front 9

The super continent

Back 9

Pangaea

Front 10

the idea that continents move from one part of Earth to another

Back 10

continental drift

Front 11

Earth's crust is made of 12 of these

Back 11

plates

Front 12

the theory that explains how and why plates move

Back 12

plate tectonics

Front 13

the underwater mountain range along the ocean floor

Back 13

mid-ocean ridge

Front 14

a valley that runs along the crest of the mid-ocean ridge

Back 14

rift

Front 15

melted rock found within the earth

Back 15

magma

Front 16

narrow, deep regions of the ocean floor at the edges of plates

Back 16

trenches

Front 17

the sliding of one plate under the other

Back 17

subduction

Front 18

the process in which new ocean crust is being created at one edge of a plate, and crust is being subducted at the other edge

Back 18

sea-floor spreading

Front 19

a boundary where two plates are moving apart

Back 19

divergent boundary

Front 20

a place where two plates come together and collide

Back 20

convergent boundary

Front 21

a boundary where crust is not created or destroyed, the plates just slide past each other

Back 21

transform boundary

Front 22

another word for forces

Back 22

stresses

Front 23

land that is raised, broad, and flat

Back 23

plateau

Front 24

mountains created when forces push toward each other, causing the crust to wrinkle

Back 24

folded mountains

Front 25

mountains formed when one plate is pushed up against another, creating one steep side

Back 25

fault mountains

Front 26

mountains formed when the crust between two boundaries is pushed up

Back 26

fault-block mountains

Front 27

when two plates slide past one another but do not create mountains

Back 27

lateral fault

Front 28

mountains formed by magma pushing up on the crust from below

Back 28

dome mountains

Front 29

vibration of the ground caused by the release of energy when rocks slip or break

Back 29

earthquake

Front 30

the point in the crust or upper mantle where an earthquake's energy is released

Back 30

focus

Front 31

waves that make the earth shake; these move out from the focus

Back 31

seismic waves

Front 32

the point on the surface of the earth that is directly above the focus

Back 32

epicenter

Front 33

the instrument used to measure the earthquake's waves

Back 33

seisomograph

Front 34

the measure of the energy released in an earthquake

Back 34

magnitude

Front 35

when earthquakes occur underwater, this sea wave may occur

Back 35

tsunami

Front 36

a mountain that forms around a vent where magma is released from the earth

Back 36

volcano

Front 37

lava leaves the surface of the earth through this opening

Back 37

vent

Front 38

magma that reaches Earth's surface

Back 38

lava

Front 39

area in Earth's mantle that is hotter than the surrounding area; the Hawaiian islands were formed in this way

Back 39

hot spots