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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When acidosis occurs, what is excreted in the urine?
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H+
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When alkalosis occurs, what is excreted in the urine?
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HCO3
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What does a low pH mean?
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an acidic problem
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What does a high pH mean?
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a base problem
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What is a normal pH?
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7.35 - 7.45
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What does it mean if your pts pH comes back normal?
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that it is normal or that the body is compensating for something that is wrong
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What is a normal PaCO2?
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35-45 mmHg
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What is a normal SaO2?
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95-100%
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What is a normal HCO3?
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22-26 mEq/L
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If there is an incr. or decr. in the PaCO2, what does this tell you is being effected?
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respiratory
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If the HCO3 comes back either incr. or decr. what does this mean is being effected?
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kidneys
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Sample problem:
pH: 7.20 PaCO2: 56 HCO3: 25 |
uncompensated respiratory acidosis
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Sample problem:
pH: 7.68 PaCO2: 43 HCO3: 35 |
uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
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sample problem:
pH: 7.38 PaCO2: 49 CHO3: 30 |
compensated respiratory acidosis
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What is respiratory acidosis?
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a carbonic acid excess resulting from any situation that decr. the rate of pulmonary ventilation
too much CO2 and too little O2 |
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What are some causes of respiratory acidosis?
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damage to the resp. center
obstruction to the resp. passage loss of lung surface for ventilation weakness of the resp. muscle severe resp. depression |
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What are the s/s of respiratory acidosis?
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decr. pH and incr. PaCO2
visual disturbances headaches confusion drowsiness coma |
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What is respiratory alkalosis?
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too much O2 and not enough CO2
acid deficit, |
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What are some causes of respiratory alkalosis?
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hyperventilation, too much O2 on the ventilator or by bagging pt.
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What are the s/s of resp. alkalosis?
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incr. pH and decr. PaCO2
lightheadedness numbness and tingling of the fingers and toes |
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What is metabolic acidosis?
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excess acids and decr. bicarb
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What are some causes of metabolic acidosis?
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loss of bicarb
renal failure DKA salicylate overdose starvation shock |
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What is the #1 cause of metabolic acidosis?
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renal failure
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What are the s/s of metabolic acidosis?
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decr. in pH and decr. in HCO3
headache mental dullness kussmal respirations (rapid, deep resp) |
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What is metabolic alkalosis?
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acid is lost or bicarb is added
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What are the causes of metabolic alkalosis?
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vomiting out stomach acids
through the NG tube ingestion of large amounts of bicarb or antacids diuretic therapy mineralcorticoids |
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What are the s/s of metabolic alkalosis?
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incr. in pH and incr. in HCO3
mental confusion dizziness numbness and tingling of toes and fingers tetany and seizures |
