Cms 306

Front 1

nature of human talk

Back 1

to talk is to...
be human, define ourselves, share ourselves, think, communicate, be multidimensional

Front 2

nature of public talk

Back 2

sends messages:
problem exists, can be overcome, impt enough to risk public exposure, you're willing to be changed, audience is willing to be changed

Front 3

unique features of public talk

Back 3

message relevant to group as a whole, language is more restricted and less flexible, audience diverse, larger size of audience may mean more misinterpretation, must do more complete job of preparing, difficult to focus listeners' attn on your msg, potential to accomplish a lot of attitudinal change b/c large number of people

Front 4

risks of public talk

Back 4

expresses personality
invites evaluation (audience has people impt to you, larger than usual)
unpredictable consequences (unsure of self, audience and dynamics of speaking situation)

Front 5

channel

Back 5

medium through which a message passes on its way from source to reciever

Front 6

communication

Back 6

PROCESS whereby one person STIMULATES meaning in the mind of another through VERBAL/NONVERBAL means

Front 7

content

Back 7

substantive aspect of a message

Front 8

decoding

Back 8

receiver's act of attaching meaning to a message sent by a source

Front 9

encoding

Back 9

source's act of transforming an idea into a msg to transmit to receiver

Front 10

fidelity

Back 10

extent to which msg after transmission is similar to msg originally transmitted
(how true it is)

Front 11

labeling

Back 11

interpreting a situation and treating the interpretation as real

Front 12

message

Back 12

the result of an act of encoding

Front 13

punctuation

Back 13

the way in which people segment a sequence of words or behaviors

Front 14

relationship

Back 14

affective aspect of msg

Front 15

propositions about interpersonal comm

Back 15

1 - verbal and nonverbal
2 - cannot not comm
3 - expresses content and relationship
4 - meanings are in people
5 - irreversible
6 - neutral tool
7 - learned skill
8 - takes place in physical and psychological contexts

Front 16

types of nonverbal comm

Back 16

repeating
accenting
complementing
regulating
contradicting (sarcasm)

Front 17

effective comm in relation to intentional and unintentional msgs

Back 17

effective comm occurs when BOTH receiver and source view msg as either unintentional or intentional and not a mixture of the two

Front 18

cognitive restructuring

Back 18

helps ppl who are anxious reduce fears by changing unrealistic beliefs to more realistic ones (in cognitive therapy)

Front 19

cognitive therapy

Back 19

helps alleviate ppl's fears through directed conversation (also cognitive restructuring)

Front 20

communication apprehension

Back 20

predisposition to avoid situations that require comm

Front 21

conspicuousness

Back 21

feeling that you are an unwelcome focus of attn

Front 22

dispositional comm anxiety

Back 22

anxiety about comm in most situations; "trait-like anxiety"
-don't do as well in school and work
-attributed to inadequate positive reinforcement, poor skill development, and lack of good models

Front 23

labeling

Back 23

interpreting a situation and treating the interpretation as real

Front 24

learned helplessness

Back 24

learning thru experience that you can't change a situation (and therefore don't even try) - mixed signals

Front 25

positive reinforcement

Back 25

reward for engaging in some activity (ex: audience applauding)
-inadequate-dispositional shyness-rewarded for not talking, receiving no response when talk

Front 26

reframing

Back 26

recasting your interpretation of an event from a different perspective

Front 27

reticence

Back 27

shyness or communication apprehension

Front 28

rigid rules

Back 28

standards for behavior that people don't alter even when the situation warrants

Front 29

shyness

Back 29

tendency of a person to avoid social interaction

Front 30

systematic desensitization

Back 30

therapeutic technique to help anxious people reduce their fears by associating comm w/relaxation

Front 31

talkaholic

Back 31

compulsive communicator; cannot shut up

Front 32

visualization

Back 32

therapeutic technique that helps anxious ppl reduce their fears by visualizing positive outcomes of future experiences

Front 33

properties of stage fright

Back 33

-fear evaluation
-increases when unprepared
-increases when you feel conspicuous
-increases when hold to rigid rules
-increases with negative self-talk

Front 34

academic integrity

Back 34

commitment, even in the face of adversity, to honesty, trust, fairness, respect, and responsibility

Front 35

blatant plagiarism

Back 35

purposefully stealing another person's work and representing it as your own

Front 36

cheating

Back 36

trying to get a better grade by trickery or deceit

Front 37

credo

Back 37

statement of beliefs

Front 38

ethics

Back 38

general study of right and wrong

Front 39

faulty paraphrasing

Back 39

plagiarism as a consequence of incorrectly rewording the meaning of another's work

Front 40

proprietary knowledge

Back 40

info belonging to another person, including less well known facts, statistics, ideas, etc

Front 41

scholastic dishonesty

Back 41

act designed to give unfair advantage to student

Front 42

thought process that allows ppl to feel ethical while behaving unethically

Back 42

-no harm, no foul
-appealing to higher loyalties (parents)
-denying personal responsibility
-condemning condemner (if YOU didn't make it so hard!)

Front 43

backchanneling cues

Back 43

cues to let the speaker know you're listening

Front 44

discriminate

Back 44

to mark or perceive the distinguishing or peculiar features of (by discerning or exposing diffs)

Front 45

hearing

Back 45

physical process of sound waves bouncing off eardrum

Front 46

listening & steps involved

Back 46

active
-receiving
-understanding
-remembering
-evaluating
-responding

Front 47

receive

Back 47

first stage of hearing - when you receive the msg or listen to it

Front 48

subjective listening

Back 48

listening that is peculiar to a certain individual; listening skills are modified/affected by personal views, experience, background, etc

Front 49

how to become a better listener

Back 49

-adapt to speaker's delivery (focus on msg more than delivery style)
-listen with eyes and ears (unspoken msgs)
-monitor emotional reaction to msg
-avoid jumping to conclusions
-be a selfish listener (find ways to benefit from msg)
-listen for major ideas
-identify listening goals (pleasure, empathize, evaluate, gain info)
-practice listening
-taking notes
-be an active listener (re-sort, rephrase, summarize, repeat key pnts, etc)

Front 50

brainstorming

Back 50

creative process of generating uninterrupted, unevaluated ideas

Front 51

closed question

Back 51

invites a limited shortened response

Front 52

clustering

Back 52

the process of grouping similar ideas together to identify particular themes or topic areas

Front 53

dialogic interview

Back 53

both parties ask/answer ?s

Front 54

directive interview

Back 54

all questions asked by interviewer and answered by interviewee

Front 55

double-barreled question

Back 55

simultaneously asks two questions

Front 56

guessing question

Back 56

a question that guesses at its own answer w/o waiting for input from respondent
ex: i guess you came to did that b/c you were angry?

Front 57

interviewing

Back 57

interactive process b/w two parties - one party has predetermined and seious purpose where interaction involves asking/answering questions to achieve that purpose

Front 58

leading question

Back 58

a question that attempts to steer the interviewee toward a particular response

Front 59

open question

Back 59

invites an elaborated, detailed response

Front 60

primary question

Back 60

introduces a new topic or new idea w/in topic

Front 61

rapport

Back 61

sense of relationship

Front 62

secondary question

Back 62

derived from primary question and probes for additional info

Front 63

speedy question

Back 63

derived from primary question and probes for additional info

Front 64

starter

Back 64

the words you use to begin a question
closed questions - do, will, can, is
open questions - tell me about, what, describe, explain
either - what, how

Front 65

nonscheduled interviews

Back 65

so broad you want to let the conversation direct structure
+ no preconceived ideas/expectations
- easy to go over in time & content

Front 66

highly scheduled interviews

Back 66

detailed flowchart w/questions
+ consistency and comparability across reponses
- ties hands of interviewers, little room for interviewees to expand or volunteer unexpected but potentially valuable info

Front 67

moderately scheduled interviews

Back 67

divides interview into specific, major questions w/possible probing questions under each
=1 major question/2 min

Front 68

nudging probes/encouragement probes

Back 68

encourage a respondent who has stopped short of providing sufficient info
"Go on" "really?" "uh huh"

Front 69

restatement probes

Back 69

ask a question in a diff way to steer back on topic or exert subtle pressure
"we were talking about ____. what ___?'

Front 70

summary probes

Back 70

recap or paraphrase ideas and thoughts of respondent and reflect them back for comment
"so what you mean is ____"

Front 71

closing probes

Back 71

to close the door on a particular question to move on to another question
"anything else before we move on?"