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CMP Vocab R-Z

Cmp Vocab R-Z

by cstewart, Oct. 2012

Subjects: cstewart, cmp, dc, Certified Meeting Professional

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	Resort Conference Center	A conference facility with at least one major amenity, such as golf or tennis.
	Restricted Dialing	The ability to control telephone access often by excluding specific country or area codes and certain types of calls. This is often put in place for event rooms and show floor locations.
	Resume	Event Specifications Guide. ESG. The preferred term for a comprehensive document that outlines the complete requirements and instructions for an event. This document is typically authored by the event planner and is shared with all appropriate vendors as a vehicle to communicate the expectations of services for a project. The industry accepted practice is to use the APEX Event Specifications Guide, which can be found at the Convention Industry Council web site. Sometimes called Staging Guide, Resume.
	Retention Rate	1) The percentage of exhibitors or attendees that return to an event from one year to the next. 2) The percentage of an organization's membership or company's employees that remain with the organization or company from one year to another.
	Return on Investment	ROI. 1) Net Profit divided by Net Worth. A financial ratio indicating the degree of profitability. 2) Net benefits divided by the full loaded meeting costs.
	Revenue Management System	A sophisticated computer based pricing system that vendors use to adjust prices based on anticipated demand. Also referred to as Yield Management.
	Reverberation	Sound which appears to echo and re-echo in weaker and weaker levels. Also Called Reverb.
	Reviewing Stands	Elevated platforms accommodating not more than 50 persons. Seating facilities, if provided, are normally in the nature of loose chairs. Reviewing stands accommodating more than 50 persons shall be regulated as grandstands.
	RevPAR	Revenue Per Available Room. A performance measurement commonly used in the hotel industry. It is calculated by dividing a hotel's net rooms revenue by the total number of available rooms, or by multiplying a hotel's average daily room rate (ADR) by its occupancy.
	RFP Distribution Date	The date a Request for Proposals (RFP) is to be passed along if an event organizer is using an intermediary to distribute the RFP [i.e., If an event organizer sends an RFP to a Convention & Visitors Bureau (CVB), and wants the CVB to send the RFP to member hotels on a certain date, that date is the RFP Distribution Date].
	RFP Published Date	The date a Request for Proposals (RFP) is released from an event organizer and is made public.
	Rider	Additional clause in a contract stipulating special requirements.
	Rigger	1) Person responsible for machinery uncrating, unskidding, positioning, leveling, and reskidding. 2) Skilled labor responsible for attaching signs, banners, truss, and other equipment to ceilings.
	Rigging	1) The process of attaching the cable on a crane to a piece of machinery or equipment. 2) The process for hanging materials or signs. 3) The structure to which hanging materials are attached.
	Right of First Refusal	A courtesy a facility extends to a previously booked party to approve or disapprove a concurrent booking or to save uncontracted space for the previously booked party for program growth.
	Right to Work State	Where joining a union is not a condition of employment.
	Rights Only	Selling only the rights to a sponsorship, with the buyer incurring expenses for production, installation and dismantle.
	Riser	Raised platform
	Risk Management	Recognizing the possibility of injury, damage or loss, and having a means to prevent it or provide insurance.
	Risk Monies	Funds that an agency would not recoup should a tour not materialize, i.e., nonrefundable deposits to suppliers, promotional expenditures, printing expenses.
	ROH	Run-of-the-House. 1) Rooms given at random according to availability when the reservations are made. 2) Flat rate for which a hotel or motel agrees to offer any of its available rooms (with the exception of suites) to a group. Final assignment of rooms is at the discretion of the hotel. See ROH. See FLAT RATE.
	ROO	Return on Objectives. Measurement of the benefit received for participating at an event based on pre-set objectives for success.
	Room Block	Total number of sleeping rooms that are utilized and attributable to one event.
	Room Capacity	Number of people that can function safely and comfortably in a room.
	Room Deposit	Money that must be paid in advance in order for a hotel to guarantee to hold a function or sleeping room.
	Room Nights	Number of sleeping rooms blocked or occupied multiplied by number of nights each room is reserved or occupied.
	Room Occupancy Pattern	Number of single, double, triple, etc. rooms used.
	Room Pick Up	The number of sleeping rooms actually used by event attendees and exhibitors.
	Room Rate	The amount charged for the occupancy of a room.
	Room Service	1) Facility department which provides food and beverage service to guest rooms. 2) Food and beverage provided to guest rooms.
	Room Set-Up	The physical arrangement of a room including the layout of tables, chairs, other furniture, and equipment.
	Room Tax	Transient Occupancy Tax. TOT. Tax placed on hotel/motel room rentals. Generally part of this revenue is used to market the destination and may be used for financing the operation of convention facilities. Also Called BED TAX, ROOM TAX, HOTEL TAX.
	Room Turnover	Amount of time needed to tear down and reset a function room.
	Room-Based Videoconferencing	Land-based system for videoconferencing designed to manage communication between one group of people, usually in a conference room setting, with another group or groups in similar settings elsewhere.
	Rooming List	A list, whether printed or electronic, by which an event organizer and/or their designates (e.g. a housing bureau) delivers multiple reservations to a hotel or other housing facility. Often the information contained in a rooming list is originally gathered through attendees’ completed Housing Forms.
	Rostrum	Raised platform where a speaker stands when delivering his or her remarks.
	Round	Banquet table, usually 60 inches (152 centimeters) in diameter. Also available in 66- and 72-inch (168- and 183 centimeter) diameters. A “Round for 8” is a banquet table at which 8 place settings should be set. Another common configuration is a “Round for 10.” Commonly, a 60-inch (152 cm) round is used to seat 8, a 66-inch (168 cm) round seats 9, and a 72-inch (183 cm) round seats 10.
	Round Robin	Contest or tournament in which each participant is matched with every other participant.
	Rounded Hollow Square	A hollow square with corners replaced by serpentine or quarter round tables.
	Roundtable	A group of experts who meet on an equal basis to review and discuss specialized, professional matters, either in closed session or, more frequently, before an audience.
	Route Manager	The person responsible for managing motor coach flow, routes, drivers, etc.
	Row Booth/Stand	The booth/stand within a row of similar booths/stands with the front opening onto an aisle and with other booths/stands on either side.
	RTI	Room, Tax and Incidentals. An abbreviation often used in reference to charges at an hotel, motel, inn, bed and breakfast, etc.
	Run-of-the-House	1) Rooms given at random according to availability when the reservations are made. 2) Flat rate for which a hotel or motel agrees to offer any of its available rooms (with the exception of suites) to a group. Final assignment of rooms is at the discretion of the hotel. See ROH. See FLAT RATE.
	Run-Through	A complete rehearsal including all elements of the event production, such as presentations, performances, music or entertainment, lighting, audio-visual and technical aspects.
	Runner	1) Long narrow carpet in a hallway, aisle, or on stage. 2) Piece of portable or constructed staging that extends a main stage to form a runway. 3) Main cord extending from a microphone to an amplifier.
	Runway	Platform which extends from a stage into the audience area, often used for events such as fashion shows.
	Russian Service	1) Banquet Russian: The food is fully prepared in the kitchen. All courses are served either from platters or an Escoffier dish. Tureens are used for soup and special bowls for salad. The server places the proper plate in front of the guest. After the plates are placed, the server returns with a tray of food and, moving counter-clockwise around the table, serves the food from the guest’s left with the right hand. With this style of service, the server controls the amount served to each guest. See BUTLER SERVICE.
	Saddle-Stitch Binding	Binding process using wire staples, thread, or wire.
	Sales Coordinator/ Manager/Representative	Hotel staff person responsible for assisting salesperson in selling sleeping rooms and function space. Usually reports to Director of Sales (DOS).
	Sample	The portion of a population selected for a study.
	Sampling	A research method based upon selecting a portion of a population for study.
	Satellite Meeting	In Conjunction With. ICW. An event or function that occurs because of another event.
	Scattered Arrivals	A pattern of group arrivals that are separate from the main arrivals.
	Schoolroom Perpendicular Set-Up	Variation of schoolroom set-up in which tables are perpendicular to the head table, and chairs are placed on both sides of the tables.
	Schoolroom Set-Up	Classroom Set-Up. Seating arrangement in which rows of tables with chairs face the front of a room and each person has a space for writing. Also Called SCHOOLROOM SET-UP.
	Schoolroom V Set-Up	Seating arrangement where rows of tables and/or chairs are slanted in a V-shape facing a head table, stage or speaker. See CHEVRON SET-UP.
	Scissor Lift	A mobile work platform that extends vertically on a scissor-like mechanism with no increase in the size of the machine's footprint.
	Screen Left and Right	Directions given from audience perspective.
	Screen/Audience Distance	Distance between the projection screen and the front row of the audience. Rear most audience member should be no more than 8 times the width of the screen in use.
	Scrim	1) Translucent material used to diffuse or soften light. 2) Gauze-like theatrical curtains.
	Season	Period of time when the demand for a certain supplier’s product or service is high, low, or neither. See HIGH SEASON, LOW SEASON, SHOULDER SEASON.
	Second Option	Second place on a waiting list. The organization holding the second option for specific dates at a facility, for example, may book those dates only if the organization holding the first option decides not to book within a certain period of time. See OPTION.
	Second Tier City	A city where the space limitations of the convention center, the hotels, or the air lift, make the city more appropriate for smaller meetings and events.
	Secondary Airport	An airport that is used as an alternative to a city’s primary airport.
	Secure Digital Certificate	An encrypted file that authenticates the source of financial data, usually for an online credit card transaction.
	Security Cage	Portable wire enclosure used to lock up materials for safe storage.
	Security Contractor	Company hired by exhibit or event management to keep individual exhibits and the entire event floor safe using guards, closed circuit T.V., etc.
	Security Service	Service providing security arrangements, such as checking delegates credentials, searching hand luggage, protecting equipment and patrolling congress and exhibition areas.
	Segue	Transition between two audio passages or video segments.
	Semi-Skilled Labor	Persons whose work is limited to a well-defined work routine; or work in which lapses of performance would not cause excessive damage to products or equipment.
	Seminar	1) Lecture and dialogue allowing participants to share experiences in a particular field under the guidance of an expert discussion leader. 2) A meeting or series of meetings of a small group of specialists who have different skills but have a specific common interest and come together for training or learning purposes.
	Serpentine	Curved, S-shaped tables that when placed together make a snake form.
	Serpentine Queue	Line formation of people going to the same area; line feeds off into several different service stations.
	Service Bar	A counter from which alcoholic beverages are served that is located outside of a function room, usually in an area not visible to guests.
	Service Charge	1) A mandatory and automatic amount added to food and beverage charges, usually used to defray the cost of labor and service equipment. Generally calculated as a percentage of charges. 2) A fee charged to a client by a travel agent in addition to the commissions paid to him or her by his or her principals.
	Service Contractor	Outside company used by clients to provide specific products or services (e.g. pipe and drape, exhibitor manuals, floor plans, dance floors or flags).
	Service Desk	Centralized on-site location for ordering or reconfirming services provided by general service contractor and specialty contractors.
	Service Kit	Exhibitor Manual. Manual or kit, usually developed by the general service contractor for an event, containing general event information, labor/service order forms, rules and regulations and other information pertinent to an exhibitor's participation in an exhibition. Also called EXHIBITOR SERVICE KIT.
	Service/Product Mix	A business, while involving both service and product, where the quality of the service is often more important than the product received. Examples of this type of service would be: service contractors, catering, etc.
	SESAC	An organization similar to ASCAP and BMI that licenses the use of copyrighted music for various artists. Formerly called the Society of European Stage Authors and Composers.
	Set	1) Performance area including props, equipment, backdrops, etc. 2) Length of time band or orchestra plays between breaks. 3) Make preparations for a predetermined number of attendees. 4) To arrange type for printed materials.
	Set Dressing	Props arranged to decorate the set. Also Called TRIM PROPS
	Set For	The actual number of seats put in place (or to be put in place) for a function.
	Set Light	Light which illuminates background behind the performers.
	Set-Up	1) Way in which a function room is arranged. 2) Erecting displays, installation, or, articles in their assembled condition. 3) Mixers, fruit, and glassware accompanying a liquor order.
	Set-Up Drawings	The plans from which the exhibit components are assembled.
	Set-Up Personnel	Exhibit or function room equipment installers.
	SGMP	Society of Government Meeting Professionals.
	Shell Folder	Brochure with preprinted illustrations to which varying text can be added.
	Shell Scheme	European booth/stand system—usually includes raised floor, back and side walls, plus fascia.
	Shimmer Curtain	Draping made of strips of colored material that catch and reflect the light.
	Shipper’s Export Declaration	A form required for all shipments by the U.S. Treasury Department and prepared by a shipper, indicating the value, weight, destination, and other basic information about an export shipment.
	Shipping Agent	Third-party hired to handle shipping goods to and from an event. Also Called SHIPPER.
	Shipping Manifest	An instrument in writing, signed by the captain of a ship that lists the individual shipments constituting the ship's cargo.
	Shirring the Drape	Gathering drape along the rods to even out the folds and give each panel of drape equal spacing.
	Shop Steward	Person designated by the union within a shop or unit to represent employees.
	Shore Excursion	Land tours, usually available at ports of call, sold by cruise lines or tour operators to cruise passengers.
	Shoulder	The beginning and ending days of a room block when fewer rooms are contracted.
	Shoulder Season	Period when the demand for a supplier’s product or service is neither high nor low.
	Show	1) Organized performance for entertainment. 2) An exhibition. See EXHIBITION.
	Show Breaking	Time specified for the close of the exhibition and the start of dismantling.
	Show Card	Material used for signs.
	Show Daily	A newspaper published each day during the run of an event or conference. It includes articles about the exhibits and events and, often, advertising.
	Show Directory	A listing, with booth/stand numbers, of all the exhibitors in an event and a map showing booth/stand locations.
	Show Management	The company, group or organization that manages an exhibition.
	Show Manager	Exhibition Manager. Preferred term for the specific person responsible for all aspects of planning, promoting, and producing an exhibition. Also Called SHOW MANAGER, SHOW ORGANIZER. See SHOW MANAGEMENT, SHOW PRODUCER
	Show Office	On-site event management office.
	Show Organizer	Exhibition Manager. Preferred term for the specific person responsible for all aspects of planning, promoting, and producing an exhibition. Also Called SHOW MANAGER, SHOW ORGANIZER. See SHOW MANAGEMENT, SHOW PRODUCER
	Show Producer	Company or individual who is responsible for all aspects of planning, promoting and producing an event.
	Show Rates	Rates established by event management, official service contractors and/or other official service providers, and published in the EXHIBITOR MANUAL.
	Show Rules	The requirements and procedures prepared by event management for exhibitors and contractors at a given event
	Show Within a Show	An event with its own name and focus that takes place within a larger, related event. See IN CONJUNCTION WITH.
	Shuttle	A vehicle, usually a bus, contracted to transport event attendees between facilities during a certain time period.
	Shuttle Service	Transportation for participants; usually by bus or van, provided on a continuous basis for a certain time period.
	Side Chair	Armless chair.
	Side Fills	Speakers on stage right and stage left to project amplified sound to full stage area.
	Side Rail	A low divider panel (usually 3 ft. high') used to separate an exhibit space from an adjacent area.
	Sight Acts	Performers who must be watched to be appreciated, such as mimes, jugglers, dancers, and acrobats. See INCIDENTAL ENTERTAINMENT.
	Sightlines	The actual or virtual lines in the venue or on paper layout that describe what parts of a set or decorative object are visible from a given audience or guest point of view; used to determine what must be decoratively treated or masked (hidden).
	Signed Exception	Delivery receipt, signed by the carrier, noting a damage or shortage.
	Simple Random Sample	Method of sampling in which each member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample.
	Simulation	Interactive instructional technique in which the learner has an opportunity to practice a new skill in a simulation, imitation or role-play of a real life situation.
	Simultaneous Interpretation	Process of orally translating one language into another while the speaker is speaking.
	Simultaneous Translation	Process of translating one language into another while the speaker is speaking. Same As SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION.
	Single	Sleeping room occupied by one person. The room may have one or more beds in it.
	Site	1) Venue, area, location, property or specific facility to be used for an event. 2) A particular platform or location for loading or unloading at a place.
	Site (association)	Society of Incentive Travel Executives.
	Site Inspection	In-person on-site review and evaluation of a venue or location for an event. See FAMILIARIZATION TRIP.
	Site Selection	Choosing a venue for an event.
	Six-by-Six Rule	Audiovisual guidelines by which no transparency of slide should contain more than six words per line of text and no more than six lines of text.
	Skid	1) Pallet. 2) Wooden platform used to support machinery or a collection of objects for easier handling. 3) Thick wood blocks attached to crates which allow forklift access for easier handling. 4) Wood runners protecting the exterior of a shipping case.
	Skirting	Pleated or ruffled draping used around buffet, reception, head tables, and risers or stages to conceal the area underneath.
	SLA	Service Level Agreement. Usually an adjunct document to a vendor contract.
	Sling	1) A pre-made length of cable used for hanging exhibit materials or signs. 2) A pre-made length of cable or a heavy-duty nylon strap used for rigging machinery to cranes or forklifts.
	Slippage	Reduction in the number of rooms used from the original reserved block.
	Small Group Learning Patterns	A learning activity that is dependent on the participation of a small group of people.
	Smart Form	A Web-based form that can be designed to guide the user through the process of completing the form and can alert the user to errors.
	SMERF	Acronym for a category of event market segments including Social, Military, Educational, Religious and Fraternal groups.
	Social Event	1) An event with the purpose of facilitating pleasant companionship among attendees, 2) Lifecycle celebration (e.g. a wedding, bar/bat mitzvah, anniversary, birthday, etc.). See SOCIAL PROGRAM.
	Social Program	Program of organized functions, not directly related to the main educational subject of an event. See SOCIAL EVENT.
	Social/Cultural Factors	Factors related to interaction with other learners that affect the way a person learns.
	Soffit	A lowered portion of a ceiling.
	Soft Currency	A currency that cannot be traded outside its native country.
	Soft Opening	Time when a property is open for business, prior to the grand opening. All services/facilities may not be complete or available.
	Sole Relay Interpreter	Pivot Interpreter; only interpreter in the team assigned to an event who is able to translate out of a lesser used language and functions as a “relay” for the rest of the team in relation to that language.
	Sommelier	A wine steward, expected to have an extensive knowledge of wines and their suitability with various dishes.
	SOP	Standard Operating Procedure (or Practice).
	Sound Board	Console with separate channels to control volume and sound quality produced by each microphone.
	Sound Check	Verification, often by the performer, that the sound system to be used for the performance is functioning satisfactorily. Usually this is one of the final steps of the move-in.
	Sound Control Booth	Area from which technician operates sound system in a room.
	Sound Effects	Artificially produced sounds for a theatrical effect.
	Sound Mix	Procedure of combining independently recorded narration, music and/or sound effect to single master tape or film, while at the same time establishing tone, volume and balance between elements.
	Sound Reinforcement	Use of electronic and electric equipment to amplify the natural sound produced by a performer or speaker.
	Sound Wings	Risers on stage right and stage left for stacked sound equipment which allows storage space hidden from the audience’s view.
	Soundscape	Atmosphere created with the use of music and sound effects.
	Source Language	Language from which a speech or document is translated or interpreted.
	Space Assignment	Booth/stand space assigned to exhibiting companies or meeting rooms assigned to event groups.
	Space Draw/Selection	The process of assigning exhibit space for the next event based on the exhibitors’ active involvement in the process.
	Space Rate	Cost per square foot/meter for exhibit space.
	Space Requirements	Amount of stand/booth space required by individual exhibitors.
	Space Reservation Form	Form or special request to utilize a particular space.
	Speaker	1) The presenter of a program. Types of speakers include keynote, general session, seminar leader, trainer, workshop leader, and “change of pace” speakers such as humorists and entertainers. 2) Device for sound output.
	Speaker Platforms	Platforms on the right and left of stage used to elevate sound equipment.
	Speaker Ready Room	Area set aside for speakers to meet, relax, test AV, or prepare prior to or between speeches.
	Special Block	Small block within the event’s room block reserved for dignitaries or people with special needs.
	Special Event	One time event staged for the purpose of celebration; a unique activity.
	Special Event Tour	A TOUR designed around a particular event, e.g. the Kentucky Derby, Mardi Gras, or Rose Bowl Parade.
	Special Events Company	A company that presents special effects and theatrical acts. This type of company may contract to put on an entire event or only parts of one. They sometimes hire speakers as part of their contract.
	Special Handling	Applies to display shipments requiring extra labor, equipment, or time in delivery to booth/stand area.
	Special Interest Tour	A TOUR designed to appeal to clients with a curiosity or a concern about a specific subject. Most special interest tours provide an expert tour guide and usually visit places and/or events of specific interest to the participants.
	Special Needs	Any physical or mental consideration that requires special alternatives to ensure an event’s physical space, technologies, and food and beverage accommodates those individual needs. Special needs can include food allergies, wheelchair access, signing interpreters, etc. In the United States, see the Americans with Disabilities Act for specific guidelines.
	Special-Interest Group	Group travel program designed for persons with common interests.
	Specification Guide	Event Specifications Guide. ESG. The preferred term for a comprehensive document that outlines the complete requirements and instructions for an event. This document is typically authored by the event planner and is shared with all appropriate vendors as a vehicle to communicate the expectations of services for a project. The industry accepted practice is to use the APEX Event Specifications Guide, which can be found at the Convention Industry Council web site. Sometimes called Staging Guide, Resume.
	Spike Mark	Tape or chalk marks on studio or stage floors designating exact placement of props and actors.
	Split Folio	Billing arrangement where room, tax and other incidental charges can be allocated to two or more accounts. Most often used when room and tax are billed to a master account and the guest is responsible for all other charges.
	Split Screen	Horizontally or vertically separated video pictures shown simultaneously.
	Spokesperson	A designated representative who has the authority, knowledge, and credibility to speak and be interviewed by the media.
	Sponsor	Person(s) or company(s) underwriting all or part of the costs of an event. Sponsors may or may not participate in any of the profit from the event. 2) An individual who assumed all or part of the financial responsibility for an event. 3) A commercial sponsor that provides financial backing for an event, and, who in return, receives recognition, advertising, registrations, or other benefits.
	Sponsored Bar	Private room bar set up where guests do not pay for drinks.
	Sponsorship	1) Donated financial or material support, usually in exchange for recognition. 2) Paid opportunity for entity or an exhibitor to increase its visibility at the event.
	Spot Exchange	The exchange rate for foreign currency for immediate purchase/delivery.
	Spot Time	Designated time for vehicle or staff to report to assignment.
	Spotlight	Strong focused light thrown upon a particular person or object, such as on a stage.
	Spotting	Placement of equipment in exact location in booth by using a forklift.
	Square Set-Up	Seating arrangement in which double- or triple-wide tables are set up with chairs placed around all sides.
	Squirrel Cage	Revolving drum used for raffle tickets.
	ST Labor	Straight Time. Labor performed and paid at standard rate for work during normal business hours as established by unions.
	Stack	Buses assembled in one location convenient for passenger loading.
	Stadium	Facility usually designed for baseball or football as a primary function. May be domed or open-air. Sometimes difficult to distinguish from a large arena.
	Stage	The portion of an auditorium or room that has been structured into a formal area for productions or presentations.
	Stage Call	1) Designated time and/or number of crew members required at stage for task assignments. 2) Asking a celebrity or speaker to return to the stage after completing the presentation.
	Stage Directions	Instructions in the script concerning movements and arrangements on the stage.
	Stage Left and Right	Directions from the perspective of a person on stage.
	Stage Lighting	Illumination for the platform for performers, musicians, actors, or speakers
	Stage Manager	Person responsible for running the event on stage.
	Stage Master	Person at a venue in charge of stage facilities.
	Stage Plot	Diagram, drawn to scale, indicating placement on stage of equipment, props, microphones, etc.
	Stage Right and Left	Directions from the perspective of a person on stage.
	Stagehand	Union labor that handles spotlights, rigging, and scenery for theatrical productions. In some cities, they may also handle decorating tasks, such as hanging draperies at convention facilities.
	Staging	1) Design and placement of elements for events. 2) Implementation of an event.
	Staging Area	1) A place for demonstration. 2) In catering, an area for preparing service equipment and supplies. 3) A preparation area, usually on premises, where suppliers review orders and organize items before delivering them to exhibit booths/stands. 4) An area near the event site where buses wait to be dispatched.
	Stakes	Pointed pegs used to secure the guy ropes of a tent in the ground. Wooded stakes are used for grass-covered earth, steel stakes are required when the ground is extremely hard, rocky or paved.
	Stand	European term for booth or exhibit. See BOOTH.
	Standard Agreement	Contract suggested as a guide by a national or international union as a guide for adoption or use by its locals.
	Standard Industrial Classification	SIC. A standard numerical code system used by the U.S. Government to classify products and services.
	Star Rating	One or more ratings of the facility and services of lodging facilities and restaurants by travel publications, such as Mobil, Zagat, and Michelin.
	State Travel Office	An official government agency or privately run, nonprofit organization responsible for travel development and promotion of a state (or territory). Often, an office responsible for travel development is part of another department or agency of a state government such as commerce and economic development. State travel offices vary in sizes of staffs and budgets.
	State-Controlled Trading Company	In a country with a state trading monopoly, a trading entity empowered by the country's government to conduct export business.
	State/Province Event	An event that draws more than 80% of attendees from the state/province in which the event is held. Less than 20% of attendees reside outside a 50-mile (80 km) radius of event site. State/provincial audiences are less inclined to use air travel and local auto rental than regional audiences.
	Statement of Account	Statement of income and expenses following the end of an event.
	Station	A banquet server's assigned area. Also refers to the individual buffet tables located throughout a reception area, with each table offering one food item or representing one theme.
	Statistics	Quantitative details of an event (number of attendees, sleeping rooms, etc.).
	Stay Over	A guest who stays at a housing facility (hotel, motel, etc.) one or more days longer than his or her scheduled departure date. Also Called OVERSTAY. Compare With UNEXPECTED DEPARTURE.
	Steady	A full time employee of a company or organization.
	Steady Extra	The first extra banquet servers called when extra service help is required.
	Steering Committee	Select group which sets policies and makes basic decisions relative to a group or an event.
	Step-On-Guide	A freelance guide who comes aboard a motorcoach to give an informed overview of the city or attraction to be toured.
	Stock Exhibits	A predesigned unit adapted to particular use by identification, color, graphics and minor structural modifications.
	Stopover	An intentional interruption of the trip that either prevents a continuous through fare or is permitted by the carrier with a through fare.
	Storage Area	Space at a show set aside for storage of crates or materials.
	Storyboard	Series of sketches or pictures which outline the subject to be developed.
	Straight Time	Labor performed and paid at standard rate for work during normal business hours as established by unions. See ST LABOR.
	Strategic Plan	Long range plan of action for a company or organization.
	Strategic Relationships	An agreement between two or more enterprises to conduct specified business processes in a joint manner. Usually related to technology development and/or marketing and distribution efforts.
	Streaming	The software that makes Webcasting work. These “stream” audio and video from a central source, or media server, to recipients on their personal computers.
	Streaming Media	A method for delivering audio and video over the Web. Streaming refers to the ability of Web site visitors to access multimedia content without having to download an entire file first.
	Strike	1) Dismantle exhibits. 2) To remove all scenery and props from the stage. 3) Union walkout.
	Strobe Light	Rapidly blinking, high-intensity light.
	Structured Question	Prepared questions, usually eight or ten per one hour presentation, to be distributed in advance of the session to selected attendees. Following each presentation, attendees ask questions from the list.
	Studio	Room with a couch or couches that convert to beds.
	Style Sheet	A list of special spellings, terms and style points to be used consistently in publications related to an event.
	Sub-Block	Any group of rooms that is classified or separated differently than the general attendee block within the Event-Contracted Block (ECB).
	Subcommittee	A group of people, frequently including one or more members of the main committee, meeting outside of the main committee, with responsibilities for specific items.
	Subcontractor	1) An individual or business, which contracts to perform part or all of the obligations of another's contract. 2) Company retained by a contractor to provide services to exhibitors or event management; outsourcing.
	Suburban Hotel	Hotel on the outskirts of a large city, which may or may not be near local attractions.
	Suitcasing	When a company tries to sell its product or service on the show floor without the permission or consent of the event's management.
	Suite	Combination of interconnecting rooms generally containing a sitting room with a half-bathroom and one or more sleeping rooms.
	Suite Hotel	A hotel whose entire inventory of sleeping rooms have separate bedroom, bathroom, living room or parlor areas, and possibly a kitchenette or other special features. Also called All Suite Hotel.
	Superimposition	Technique of projecting two visual images on a screen at the same time.
	Supplemental Liability Coverage	In a car rental agreement, additional coverage for injury and damage claims by third parties beyond the amount provided automatically under the contract terms.
	Supplier	Purveyor, provider, vendor, contractor offering facilities, products and/or services.
	Support Staff	Part- or full-time personnel who provide services for tasks associated with programs, events, or conventions.
	Surcharge	Charge over and above established rates, such as an energy surcharge.
	Surname	Name by which all immediate family members are known. Women usually (but not always) adopt their husband’s surname upon marriage. Also called LAST NAME, FAMILY NAME (preferred). Compare With GIVEN NAME.
	Survey	1) Solicitation of opinions regarding services; 2) questionnaire.
	Suspended Elements	An attachment of devices to the frame work of an exhibition hall.
	Switchboard	A combination of switches, dimmer plates and fuses for controlling light.
	Switcher	1) Engineer (technical director) who is switching from camera to camera. 2) Panel with rows of buttons that allows switching from one camera or sound source to another.
	Symposium	A meeting of a number of experts in a particular field, at which papers are presented and discussed by specialists on particular subjects with a view to making recommendations concerning the problems under discussion.
	Synchronization	(Sync) Sound and picture recorded or played back at the same time.
	T&T	Tax & Tip. Addition of taxes and gratuities to a price when not included, designated by ++.
	T-1 Line	Transmitting data at speeds of up to 1.544 Mbps, operates at a much higher capacity than an ISDN line and can be split to accommodate several users at one time (known as a fractional T-1).
	T-3 Line	Transmitting data at speeds of up to 44.184 Mbps, is faster than a T-1 line, allowing performance of more tasks simultaneously at a greater speed. See T-1 LINE.
	T-Shape Set-Up	Series of tables set up in the shape of the block T with chairs set all around except at the head table.
	Table Tent	A small sign used to identify the speaker or speakers.
	Table-Top Display/Exhibit	Small portable display that can be set up on top of a table.
	Tactical Steps	Short-range actions to implement a long-range strategy.
	Talent	1) Performer, entertainer. 2) Outside personnel stationed in an exhibit booth/stand to demonstrate a product, provide attraction to booth or greet visitors. Includes magicians and similar attractions.
	Tare Weight	The weight of a container and/or packing materials deducted from the total weight to determine the weight of the contents or load. See ACTUAL WEIGHT, GROSS WEIGHT.
	Target Date	A date set by event management and/or general service contractor for the arrival of freight at a trade event. Usually shipments received before or after this date are assessed a penalty charge.
	Target Language	Language into which a speech or document is translated or interpreted.
	Tariff	1) A schedule of duties imposed by a government on imported and exported goods. 2) Published list of fares or rates and conditions of service from a supplier.
	Tax Exempt Certificate	Document needed from customer to verify tax exemption status in the locale where the event is held.
	Team of Interpreters	A group of people responsible for interpreting simultaneously by utilizing equipment.
	Tear Down	Dismantle
	Teaser	Promotional piece designed to build interest in an event.
	Tech Check	Review of all technical aspects of the production.
	Technical Director	Person who calls cues from the control room.
	Technical Meeting	An event with attendees who are involved in research, applied sciences, engineering or technology or are suppliers to them.
	Technical Rehearsal	Run-through of technical aspects of an event such as lighting, sound, special effects, etc.
	Technical Writer	Someone hired by a speaker to prepare scripts, workbooks, audios, videos, or articles on contract.
	Technician	Expert in particular craft or technique usually in relation to audiovisual, mechanical or electrical equipment or appliances.
	Teleconference	Type of meeting which brings together three or more people in two or more locations through telecommunications.
	TelePrompTer®	Electronic device which allows display of script for speaker to read during presentation.
	Temporary Import	Exhibition material whose temporary import status exempts payment of duties and taxes on arrival.
	Temporary Import Bond	The surety covering articles imported into a country on a temporary basis, generally in lieu of paying import duties and/or taxes. The fee for the bond is non-refundable in most cases.
	Tentative Agenda	A preliminary agenda for a program, that is subject to change.
	Tentative Hold	A space temporarily held by a facility or venue for a specific date pending a definite booking. There are no consequences for cancellation. See OPTION.
	Theater	Facility with fixed seats usually on a sloped floor with site lines focused on a permanent state. Typically a Stage Box is located behind the Proscenium which contains the performance area and the Fly Loft.
	Theater Semicircular Set-Up	Seating arrangement in which seats are in semicircular rows facing the stage area, no tables.
	Theater Set-Up	Seating arrangement in which seats are in rows facing the stage area, no tables. See AUDITORIUM SET-UP.
	Theme Break	A break during formal program sessions with special food and beverages pertaining to a theme and often including decorations, costumes, and entertainment.
	Theme Party	Event at which all foods, beverages, decorations, and entertainment relate to a single theme.
	Think Tank	A group of specialists organized by a business enterprise, governmental body and commissions to undertake intensive study and research into specified problems.
	Third Party	A person other than the principals.
	Three Sheet	Bed made with a third sheet on top of the blanket. Also Called TRIPLE SHEET.
	Through Bill of Lading	A single bill of lading (B/L) covering both the domestic and international carriage of an export shipment, a air waybill, for instance, is essentially a through bill of lading used for air shipments. Ocean shipments, on the other hand, usually require two separate documents - an inland bill of lading for domestic carriage and an ocean bill of lading for international carriage. Through bills of lading, therefore, cannot be used.
	Ticket Exchange	Banquet-control procedure whereby guests exchange an event coupon from their registration packet for an actual event ticket and seat assignment. Increases control. Also tends to reduce the number of no shows to provide more accurate guarantees.
	Tiered	1) One or more rows arranged above each other. 2) Price levels of guest room rates.
	Time Delay	Length of time between the production of live sound and when it is actually heard.
	Time Lines	Includes each task to be accomplished and is the core of the program plan.
	Timecode	The sequential numbers assigned to each frame of video or film representing the passage of time in hours, minutes, seconds, and even tenths of seconds. Time codes are used for cataloging purposes and during editing.
	Tour Broker	An individual licensed and bonded by the Interstate Commerce Commission to operate motor coach tours in the US and, in some cases, Canada. See TOUR OPERATOR.
	Tour Operator	A person or company that creates and/or markets inclusive tours and/or subcontracts their performance. Most tour operators sell through travel agents and/or directly to clients.
	Tour Package	1) Prearranged combination of elements such as air, hotel, sightseeing and social events packaged together and sold as an all-inclusive package price, not sold by component parts. 2) To package, meaning to combine elements as above into an all-inclusive package product sold as such at a package price. See PACKAGE.
	Tourist Information Board	Nonprofit organization supported by transient room taxes, government budget allocations, business improvement assessments, private memberships, or a combination of any of these funding mechanisms. A CVB (also referred to as DMO-Destination Marketing Organization) typically promotes tourism and encourages groups to hold events, conventions and trade shows in its destination. CVBs provide a wide range of services to assist planners in advance preparation, during, and post convention. See CONVENTION AND VISITORS BUREAU (CVB).
	Tourist Office	An organization which exists to promote a city, town, locality, or country to groups or individuals as a tourist destination.
	Tower	Structure to which lighting instruments are attached.
	Trade Association	Group of persons or businesses in a particular trade or industry. Generally these organizations are exempt from federal income tax. In the U. S., this is covered under Section 501(c)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code.
	Trade Fair	An international term for an exhibition.
	Trade Show	An exhibition of products and/or services held for members of a common or related industry. Not open to the general public. See EXHIBITION. Compare With GATE SHOW, PUBLIC SHOW, CONSUMER SHOW.
	Trade-Out	A type of barter. The exchange of goods and services instead of using money.
	Traffic Density	A way of calculating exhibition hall traffic, based on the number of attendees per 100 square feet of exhibits.
	Traffic Flow	1) Movement of people through an area. 2) A supposed or directed path that attendees will take through an exhibition.
	Transfer	1) Process of moving equipment and/or people from one point to another. 2) Transportation between terminals and hotels. 3) To copy a picture or sound that is transmitted by one recorder to another, or to make a tape or digital copy from film.
	Transformative Learning	Learning that occurs during the second half of life which is directed at attaining a new consciousness and self-understanding.
	Transient	Momentary amplitude peak in program source. A pop from a switch or scratched record may form signal transients. Musical transients occur as a result of such things as percussion instruments, piano and guitar. Normal musical transients may have amplitude peaks as high as 40dB above the average program levels, requiring headroom in the circuits and equipment used to reproduce them.
	Transient Occupancy Tax	TOT. Tax placed on hotel/motel room rentals. Generally part of this revenue is used to market the destination and may be used for financing the operation of convention facilities. Also Called BED TAX, ROOM TAX, HOTEL TAX.
	Transit	Passenger changing planes without going through security and/or customs.
	Transit and Exhibition Insurance	The insurance that covers loss or damage caused deliberately or accidentally by third parties during loading, unloading, transshipment, transport, and exhibition.
	Transit Visa	Visa allowing holder to stop over in a country to make a travel connection or for a brief visit.
	Trapping	Method of consolidating shipments. Usually defines function of an LTL trucker grouping freight for shipment to a particular show.
	Trim Props	Props arranged to decorate the set. Also Called SET DRESSING.
	Triple Sheet	Bed made with a third sheet on top of the blanket. Also Called 3-SHEET.
	Tripod Screen	Portable projection screen (usually not larger than 10-12 feet) with three folding legs and a pull-up surface supported by a rod on the back.
	Truck Loaders	Union labor specifically responsible for unloading equipment.
	Truckload Rates	Truckload rates apply where the tariff shows a truckload minimum weight. Charges will be at the truckload minimum weight unless weight is higher.
	Truss	1) A frame to carry the room of a tent. 2) A structure of steel bars used to suspend lighting or other technical equipment over a stage. 3) To tie or bind something tightly.
	TSEA	Trade Show Exhibitors Association.
	Tube Lights	A string of small, low voltage lights contained in a clear or transparent colored plastic tube, generally wired to be run by a three- or four-circuit sequencer (controller); used as a highlighter around signs, stages, or entrances. They can be bent and mounted on peg-board or other surfaces to form lighted words.
	Turn-Around Time	1) The time it takes to return to your original point of departure during a continuous move. 2) Time it takes to breakdown and reset a room.
	Turn-Down Service	Early evening service in which beds are prepared for sleeping. Usually includes replacement of bathroom linens, perhaps leaving the lights on, turning on a radio, or adding candy on the pillow.
	Turnaround	An action required to break down and reset a room.
	Turnkey Exhibit	A system whereby the exhibit manager turns responsibility of the display over to an exhibit house. In essence, the exhibitor simply 'turns the key' upon arrival at the event and opens the booth/stand.
	TV Monitor	A type of screen used to show a video image, which has denser pixels (for a sharper image) than a normal television screen.
	Tweeter	Loudspeaker designed to reproduce high frequencies only. Tweeters are typically use at frequencies beyond the center of the audio spectrum which, if placed on a logarithmic scale like a piano keyboard, would be about 630 Hz.
	Two-Tiered Set-Up	A seating arrangement with a row of seats on low risers around a BOARDROOM SET-UP. A very space-intensive set-up.
	U-Format	Professional/broadcast quality video format in which the tape is 3/4-inch wide and can be used to record and playback; not compatible with VHS or Beta formats. Sometimes called U-Matic.
	U-Shape Set-Up	Series of tables set up in the shape of the letter U with chairs set around one or both sides.
	UL 2305	Standard for safety for exhibition display units.
	Ultraviolet Lamp	A black light used to make phosphorescent and fluorescent paints glow in the dark.
	Underground Hospitality Suite	Hospitality suite that is not hosted by an official sponsoring organization (liability risk).
	Underliner	Plate used under bowl, glass, condiments, and so forth. See BASE PLATE.
	Unexpected Departure	A guest who checks out of a housing facility (hotel, motel, etc.) one or more days earlier than his or her scheduled departure date. Also Called UNDER-STAY, EARLY-OUT. Compare With OVERSTAY.
	Uniform Resource Locator	URL. A web site address. Internet address for a web site. Starts with http:// (or https:// for secure sites).
	Union Call	1) The number of union members hired to work for an event. 2) Additional servers obtained from a labor source shared by several hotels. 3) The minimum number of hours for which a union laborer must be paid, regardless of actual hours worked.
	Union Jurisdiction	The limits or territory within which control may be exercised by a union may be of at least two kinds. One has to do with geographical limits; the other with trade or craft activity.
	Union Shop	A unionized business in which the employer by agreement is free to hire nonmembers as well as members of the union. Newly-hired employees are required, as a condition of employment, to join the union within a specified time after employment. All employees must maintain good standing in the union as a condition of employment.
	Uniserve Property	A hotel property in which the convention services manager (CSM) handles all aspects of the event, including catering.
	Up-Linking	The sending of video signals via microwave to an existing satellite for transmission to selected sites or anyone capable of satellite reception for that signal; used for teleconferencing or broad distribution of a message on a national or international basis.
	Uplink	The station used to transmit signals from Earth to a satellite (videoconferencing).
	Upstage	Part of the stage farthest from the audience or camera.
	URL	Uniform Resource Locator. A web site address. Internet address for a web site. Starts with http:// (or https:// for secure sites).
	Usability	A lesser standard of accessibility that does not meet ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities (ADAAG) minimum requirements, but that may be functionally usable by some people with disabilities.
	Use Day	Term used as a base unit in calculating occupancies. Various facilities have developed different definitions; one of the most common is use of all or part of a facility by one client or tenant for all or part of one day for any purpose; includes event, move-in, move-out and hiatus days.
	USTA	U. S. Travel Association
	UTC	Coordinated Universal Time. UTC is the standard used for all timekeeping applications, and the reference time used for calculating all other time zones. In the United States, the national standard for time-of-day is UTC (NIST), the coordinated universal time maintained by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
	Utility Box	Box in floor, wall, or column which houses electric outlets and other utility sources.
	V-Shape Set-Up	Seating arrangement in which chairs or tables and chairs are arranged in rows slanted in a V shape and separated by a center aisle. They face the head table or speaker.
	Valance	1) A trip or finish curtain, usually 12” deep with scalloped edge, used to give a tent a finished appearance. 2) A short overhead, decorative border normally used as a light baffle or screen.
	Validated Export License	A document issued by the U.S. Government authorizing the export of commodities for which written export authorization is required by law.
	Value Added Tax	VAT. A tax that is added to a product at each step of the manufacturing and marketing process reflecting value which has been added to the product by processing.
	Value Season	Low Season. Period when the demand for a supplier’s product or service is lowest. Prices generally decrease in low season. Also Called VALUE SEASON. Compare With HIGH SEASON.
	Variable Costs or Expenses	Expenses that vary based upon various factors, such as the number of attendees .
	Varietal Wine	Wines made mainly from one variety of grape. Such wines have the characteristics of the primary grape used. Popular varietals are: Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Gewurztraminer, Pinot Noir, Sauvignon Blanc and Zinfandel.
	VAT	Value Added Tax. A tax that is added to a product at each step of the manufacturing and marketing process reflecting value which has been added to the product by processing.
	Vegan	An individual who does not consume any animal products, including meat and by-products such as eggs, dairy products, honey, leather, fur, silk, wool, cosmetics, and soaps derived from animal products.
	Vegetarian	An individual who does not eat meat but may consume animal by-products such as dairy.
	Venue	1) Site or destination of meeting, event or show 2). Location of performance such as hall, ballroom, auditorium, etc.
	Verbatim Report	A full and exact word-for-word transcript, in writing, of all speeches, debates or discussions.
	Vertical Show	An exhibition at which the products or services being displayed represent one element of an industry or profession. See EXHIBITION.
	Vertical Union	Union with jurisdiction over all occupations, skilled and unskilled, in an entire industry.
	Very Important Person	VIP. Person who has a special function at the event (speaker, dignitary, etc.) and should be treated with special care and attention.
	VHS Format	Video Home System. Video tape recorder and player utilizing ½-inch (1.27 centimeter) tape. Not compatible with beta format.
	Video Character Generator	A computer-assisted device used to generate and create letters, numbers and symbols electronically. In simple terms, it is a video image that can also be used to recap key points made by a speaker or supply basic information such as final credits.
	Video Enhancement	The enlargement of a video image from the size of a typical consumer television screen to dimensions for large projection screens. Used when attempting to present a larger-than-life image to an audience. See VIDEO MAGNIFICATION.
	Video Formats	Type and size of the recording format in which a video presentation is recorded or played back. These include VHS (the most common), Beta, U-Matic, 1 inch, ¾ inch and ½ inch.
	Video Magnification	Technology by which presenter’s image is projected onto a large screen, allowing large audiences to see details from the stage. Also called I-Mag. The enlargement of a video image from the size of a typical consumer television screen to dimensions for large projection screens. Used when attempting to present a larger-than-life image to an audience. See VIDEO MAGNIFICATION.
	Videoconference	A meeting between two or more people or groups across a distance, including video, audio, and potentially other data, utilizing telecommunications or communications satellites for transmission of the signal. See TELECONFERENCE.
	Videowall	Array of video screens in a rectangular fashion on which images may be displayed individually on each screen or portions of the same image may be displayed in an enlarged format involving the whole or part of the array.
	Vintage	Wine made from a grape harvest of a specific year. A vintage wine is made using 95 percent of those grapes. Wines made from grapes harvested from several years are called nonvintage.
	VIP	Very Important Person. Person who has a special function at the event (speaker, dignitary, etc.) and should be treated with special care and attention.
	Virtual Conferencing	Any meeting where people at two or more distant locations are linked using video, audio and data for two-way communication via satellite communications or the Internet. Each party sees and hears the other through a TV screen or computer monitor and audio speakers.
	Virtual Tour	Any tour where people at two or more distant locations are linked using video, audio and data for communications. Each party sees and hears the tour through a TV screen or computer monitor and audio speakers.
	Virtual Trade Show	Exhibit of products or services that can be viewed over the internet.
	Visa	Permit, recorded in a passport, to enter a country for a specific purpose and period of time.
	Visqueen	A clear plastic sheeting used to protect booth carpeting during move-in and set-up of a trade show. Technically a brand name, it is applied generically in common usage.
	Voice Over	Announcement or other narrative copy which is “voiced” over the top of film, video or musical programming.
	Voicing	Equalization of sounds produced by a system such as a piano or a loudspeaker so that the audio spectrum is produced evenly with all notes or frequencies at the same volume.
	Waiter Parade	White gloved servers circle the room, usually with flaming dishes, before placing the food on the tables with a flourish.
	Waiver of Subrogation	1) A release of rights to substitute one party for another party. 2) The release of an insurance company right to succeed to the insured's rights to sue for damages against the tortfeasor, after the insurance company pays an insured's claim of loss due to another's tort.
	Walk	Guest holding confirmed sleeping room reservation is denied accommodations at the hotel where the reservation is held upon their arrival, and is relocated to another hotel.
	Walk Away Clause	Cancellation Clause. Provision in a contract which outlines damages to be paid to the non-canceling party if cancellation occurs, due the canceling party's breach of the contract.
	Walk-In	1) Guest requesting accommodations without a prior reservation. 2) Event attendee who has not pre-registered.
	Walk-In/Out Music	Music accompanying arriving and exiting guests at an event (processional, recessional).
	Walk-On	Music played while a new presenter arrives on stage.
	Walk-Through	1) Review of event details. 2) Site inspection. 3) Inspection of function room prior to function. 4) Inspection of exhibit floor prior to opening of the event.
	Wash	The difference between number of reservations at cut-off date and the number of final reservations at the end of an event. Can be positive or negative and be expressed as a number or percentage.
	Wash Light	Colored light that softly illuminates an area.
	Water Closet	WC. Sanitary convenience. Also Called TOILET, LAVATORY.
	Way Bill	List of enclosed goods and shipping instructions, sent with material in transit.
	Waybill	A non-negotiable instrument of transport that serves as a receipt for the shipper, indicating that the carrier has accepted the goods listed therein and obligates itself to carry the consignment to the destination according to specified conditions.
	Webcast	An event that broadcasts the audio and/or video portion of a keynote presentation or other educational sessions over the Web in real-time or on-demand.
	Webconferencing	Web browser-based videoconferencing.
	Well Brand	House Brand.Brand of wine or distilled spirits selected by a hotel or restaurant as their standard when no specific brand is specified.
	Wharfage	A charge assessed by a pier or dock owner for handling incoming or outgoing cargo.
	Whispered Interpretation	Interpretation by an interpreter in a low voice to the audience usually while sitting next to the interpreter.
	White Noise	Random noise whose various frequency components all share the same energy density characteristics, producing the same voltage at any particular discrete frequency over a period of time. This causes a frequency response trend that rises the same number of decibels as the percentage of frequency increase. See NOISE.
	White Tie	Formal dress requiring white tie and tails for men and formal evening dress for women. See BLACK TIE.
	Whiteboarding	A feature of videoconferencing systems which allows the placement of shared documents on an on-screen shared space or “whiteboard.” Participants can edit and mark up the document just as on a physical whiteboard.
	Windscreen	Porous cover for microphones to block unwanted sounds.
	Wings	Off-stage area out of audience sight lines.
	Wireless Infrared Interpreting System	An interpreting system operated by radio waves and hence without wire or cable connections to audience headsets.
	Work Rules	Jurisdictional regulations which govern union craftsperson's working arrangement, include what work exhibitor may perform, when overtime begins, etc.
	Workshop	1) Meeting of several persons for intensive discussion. The workshop concept has been developed to compensate for diverging views in a particular discipline or on a particular subject. 2) Informal and public session of free discussion organized to take place between formal plenary sessions or commissions of a congress or of a conference, either on a subject chosen by the participants themselves or else on a special problem suggested by the organizers. 3) Training session in which participants, often through exercises, develop skills and knowledge in a given field.
	Yield Management	Computer program that uses variable pricing models to maximize the return on a fixed (perishable) inventory, such as hotel rooms, based on supply-and-demand theory.
	Zero-Based Budgeting	The process of building a budget without benefit of a previous year’s budget.
	Zulu Time	Greenwich Mean Time, the world time standard.
	1/50	One Per Fifty. Facility complimentary room policy: one complimentary room night for every fifty room nights picked up and paid for. While 1/50 was once the standard, the complimentary policies vary per hotel and/or event.
	24-Hour Hold	A term used to describe the type of reservation made on function space within a venue (hotel, convention center, etc.). An event organizer who has 24-hour hold on a space has exclusive use and access to that space for a period of 24-hours, usually 12:01 am – 12:00 pm.
	6-by-6 Rule	Audiovisual guidelines by which presentation slide should contain more than six words per line of text and no more than six lines of text.

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