Cmca Lec

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"Any hallow muscular organ when stretched to its capacity will contract and empty."

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Uterine Stretch Theory

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Fetal membrane produces large amounts of arachidonic acid;

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Prostaglandin Theory

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This stimulates the release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary.

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Fetus presses on the cervix.

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refers to the route the fetus must travel from the uterus through the cervix and vagina and to the external perineum.

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Passage

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the cavity that contains the generative organs and as the canal (birth canal) through which the fetus must pass during birth

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pelvis

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upper extended part; broader part is called iliac crest

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illium

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wedge shape that forms back part of the pelvis.

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sacrum

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triangle shaped and last part of the spinal column

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coccyx

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is the process whereby the reproductive organs return to their nonpregnant state.

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involution

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uterine flow, consisting of blood, fragments of decidua, white blood cells, mucus, and some bacteria.

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lochia

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a uterine is soft and malleable.

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cervix

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due to decrease estrogen level

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dyspareunia

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Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human placental lactogen (hPL) is undetectable 1 day after delivery.

Progestin, estrone, and estradiol are at pre pregnancy state by 1 week.

FSH remains low for about 12 days and then begins to rise as new menstrual cycle is initiated.

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ENDOCRINE CHANGES

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extensive diuresis begins to take place alter birth.

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URINARY SYSTEM

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fluid changes within the body to accommodate postpartum blood loss and prevent hypovolemia.

Increase of blood flow to the vena cava from elimination of compression by the gravid uterus.

WBC may be as high.

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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

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After delivery, the diaphragm descends and postpartum women's respirations normall return to the prepregnant state.

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS

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it is dehydrating effect of labor

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GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

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the stretch marks on a woman's abdomen (striaegravidarum) still appear reddened and may be even more prominent.

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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

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Relaxin is the hormone responsible for the relaxation of the pelvic ligaments and joints during pregnancy.

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MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

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it is given to prevent fetal abnormalities in subsequent pregnancies.

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IMMUNE SYSTEM

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separation between the abdominal wall where the muscle tone is diminished and abdominal wall is weak

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DIASTASI RECTI

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reflect the internal adjustments that occur as a woman's body returns to its prepregnant state

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VITAL SIGNS CHANGES

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after birth, to accommodate the increased blood volume returning to the heart, stroke volume increases thus Pulse rate is slightly lower than normal (60 - 70 bpm)

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PULSE

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should also be monitored carefully during the postpartal period, because a decrease in this can indicatebleeding. In contrast, an elevation above 140 mm Hg systolic or 90mmg diastolic - postpartal induced HPN.

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BLOOD PRESSURE

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Maternal and Paternal Adjustment

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Psychological Adaptation

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know as these characteristics that you wil see in the mother

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Maternal Adjustment (Reva Rubin, 1961)

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describes as the production of breast milk and secretion of mammary gland after delivery.

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lactation

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The 3 E's in Breastfeeding

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- Early as possible

- Exclusive for 4-6mos

- Extended up to 2 y.o

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is the preferred method of feeding a newborn because it provides numerous health benefits to both the mother and the infant.

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breast milk

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a sticky white or yellow fluid secreted by the breasts during the second half of pregnancy and for a few days after birth

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colostrum

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The proper way to hold the baby is chest-to-chest, at the level of the breast. Baby's head should be in the crook of your arm and your hand should hold buttocks.

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Transverse/crossover hold

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Hold a good position for latch-on problems, or for premature or Cesarean birth babies.

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football hold

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The lying down position is especially useful after a Cesarean birth

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lying down

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Flat/inverted nipples, breast reduction surgery that severed milk ducts, previous breast abscess, extremely sore nipples (cracked, bleeding, blisters, abrasions)

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breast pathology

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Failure of lactogenesis, hypothyroidism

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Hormonal Pathology

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Restrictive feeding schedules, mother without support system, not rooming in with baby, bottle supplementing when not medically required

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psychosocial

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a term used for pre-pregnancy planning and action to delay, prevent or actualize a pregnancy

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family planning

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it is Identifying fertile and infertile period of woman's cycle by daily taking and recording of the rise in body temperature during and after ovulation.

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BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE (BBT)

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It is a fluid produced by small glands near the cervix.

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CERVICAL MUCUS / OVULATION

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it is offers to the couple little protection at the moment of ejaculation

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COITUS INTERRUPTUS

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natural birth control technique based on the lactation (breast milk production) causes amenorrhea (lack of menstruation).

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LACTATION AMENORRHEA

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most common and easiest to fit and use.

the device is introduced 3 hrs before and kept at least 6 hours after intercourse.

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DIAPHRAGM

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available as vaginal foam, gel, tablets, creams and suppositories alter sperm cell membrane permeability resulting to killing of sperm.

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SPERMICIDES

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convenient to use protects from unwanted pregnancy.

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ORAL PILL

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Easily available, safe and inexpensive. Protects against STD's

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CONDOM

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a small, often T-shaped birth control device that is inserted into a woman uterus to prevent pregnancy.

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INTRAUTERINE DEVICE (IUD)

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a surgical procedure that involves blocking to fallopian tubes to prevent the ovum (egg) from being fertilized. It can be done by cutting, burning or removing sections of the fallopian tubes or by placing clips on each tube.

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BILATERAL TUBAL LIGATION

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a surgical procedure for male sterilization or permanent contraception. During the procedure, the male vas deferens or sealed so as to prevent sperm from entering into the urethra and thereby prevent fertilization of a female through sexual intercourse.

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VASECTOMY

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This reflex starts when the corner of the baby's mouth is stroked or touched. The baby will turn his or her head and open his or her mouth to follow and root in the direction of the stroking.

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Rooting reflex

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it usually occurs when a baby is startled by a loud sound or movement. In response to the sound, the baby throws back his or her head, extends out his or her arms and legs, cries, then pulls the arms and legs back in.

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Moro reflex

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When a baby's head is turned to one side, the arm on that side stretches out and the opposite arm bends up at the elbow This is often called the fencing position. This reflex lasts until the baby is about 5 to 7 months old.

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Tonic neck reflex

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Stroking the palm of a baby's hand causes the baby to close his or her fingers in a grasp.

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Grasp reflex

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This reflex is also called the walking or dance reflex because a baby appears to take steps or dance when held-upright with his or her feet touching a solid surface.

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Stepping reflex

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When the side of the sole of the foot is stroked in an inverted J curve from the heel upward the newborn fan the toes.

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Babinski Reflex

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can be elecited with loud noise or by jarring the bassinet. The most accurate methods of eleciting the reflex is to hold a newborn in supine position and then allow the head to drop backward about 1 inch.

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Moro Reflex

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pressure applied to the sole of the foot of the baby lying in supine position, the baby pushes back against the pressure.

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Magnet reflex

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When a newborn lies in prone position and is touched along the paravertebral area on the back by a probing finger, the newborn flexes the trunk swings the pelvis toward the touch

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Trunk Incurvation Reflex

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One leg of newborn lying in supine is extended and the sole of the foot is irritated by being rubbed with sharp object, such as thumbnail.

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Crossed Extension Reflex

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A newborn who is held in a prone position with a hand underneath supporting the trunk should demonstrate some muscle tone. Should the infant sag into an inverted "U”position.

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Landau's Reflex

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Common skin marks of the newborn

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1. Desquamation -peeling of skin postmaturity

2. Mongolian spots - bluish-black/slate gray pigmentation across the sacrum or buttocks; disappea by SCHOOL AGE

3. Vernix caseosa -cheese-like material. serves a:

4. Lanugo - fine, downy hair at shoulders, back and upper arms; disappear by 2 weeks.

5. Milia - plugged or unopened sebaceous gland on the cheek or across the bridge of the nose; disappear by 2-4 week

6. Nevi (Stork bites) - pink or red flat areas of capillary dilatation seen on upper lids, nose, upper lip, nape and neck; disappears at Ist and 2nd year.

7. Erythema Toxicum - aka-fleabite rash; pink papules with vesicles seen at nape, back and buttocks; appears usually 2nd day; no treatment needed.

8. Nevus flammeus - aka portwine stain; red to purple in color do nor blanch on pressure and do no disappear

9. Strawberrvihemangioma - elevate caDillaries and endothelial cells; com

10. Cavernous hemangiomas - dilated vascular spaces: do not disappear with time

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Most newborns have protruding bellies

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Abdominal distension