Cm 2121 (2)

Front 1

______- purpose is to safely transfer building loads to the ground. every building has loads therefor every building has foundations

Back 1

Foundation

Front 2

______- may disrupt building services where they enter the building or damage elements such as stairs and walks at the building / site interface

Back 2

Uniform Settlement

Front 3

______- may cause damage to finishes cladding and other components where building becomes distorted

Back 3

Differential settlement

Front 4

_____- continuous mass of solid mineral material.
- generally the strongest most stable of the earth materials

Back 4

Rock

Front 5

____- particulate
suitability for foundation vary with shape and size, mineral content etc.

Back 5

Soil

Front 6

____-too big to be lifted with one hand
_____- can be lifted with one hand

Back 6

Boulder/Cobble (like cobble stone)

Front 7

Course grain soils
-_____ individual particles that can be lifted with thumb and finger
____- too small for that

Back 7

Gravel / Sand

Front 8

Fine Grained soils
______- roughly spherical in shape
____- very small plate shaped particles

Back 8

Silt/ Clay (like you make plates out of clay

Front 9

-dont stick together when wet
-when unfined have little strentgh
-little affected by moisture content
-best at draining water away from foundations (FREE DRAINING)

Back 9

Coarse Grained Soils

Front 10

-Smaller particle size, less free draining
-when wet may be subject to liqefaction during seismic events
-varying degrees of draining and cohesiveness

Back 10

Fine Grained soils.

Front 11

-Cohesive
-highly expansive when wetted
-some impervious to water

Back 11

Clays

Front 12

Excavation
_____ means good soil and shallow foundations, ____ means poor soil / or deep structure

Back 12

Very little / considerable

Front 13

Excavation Support
Sloped or benched excavation is less expensive then ____ but requires site without nearby property lines adjacent structures etc

Back 13

Sheeted Excavation

Front 14

___- Area sufficiently larger than than the bulding footprint

Back 14

Unrestricted site

Front 15

____- area constricted/ limited

Back 15

Restricted Site

Front 16

_______- a process of removing water and/or lowering the water table within the construction site to provide dry working platform

Back 16

Dewatering

Front 17

Types of dewatering systems
_____- lets water in then removes it
_____-removes water before excavation
_____-attempting to keep water out

Back 17

sump pumps
well point
watertight barrier wall

Front 18

____ is the most common dewatering system

Back 18

Sump Pumps

Front 19

Slurry Walls are a type of ______

Back 19

Watertight barrier wall

Front 20

-balances the weight of soil removed with the weight of building to be constructed
- the load on the remaining soil is little changed

Back 20

Floating Foundation

Front 21

-where the soils directly below the building substructure are weak or unstable, transmit building loads to deeper, more competent soils.

-basic types include drilled and driven

Back 21

Deep Foundations

Front 22

-similar to a column footing only deeper, drilled to a required bearing compacity, point bearing (exception - socketed)

Back 22

Caisson

Front 23

_____ share loads amoung clustered piles.

Back 23

Pile Caps

Front 24

_____- spans between the piles to provide continuos support to the wall above

Back 24

Grade Beams

Front 25

a process of strengthening and or stabilizing the foundation of an existing building

Back 25

Underpinning

Front 26

Building superstructure is temperarily supported on ___ while new foundations are built in the UnderPinning process

Back 26

Cribbing