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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Beast hunts (Venatio) begin |
186 BC |
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6 types of roman specatacles |
1. chariot races 2. theater 3. mythological dramas 4. venatio 5. naumachiae 6. munus |
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venatio |
beast hunts damnatio ad bestias |
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damnatio ad bestias |
convicted criminals pitted against beats |
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naumachiae |
mock naval battles fought on real/artificial lakes |
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munus |
around 264 BC (when Rome expands fast) gladiator fights |
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index finger = |
surrender
missio = let live iugula = kill
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spectacle schedule |
venatio executions munus |
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Why invest in violent specatacles? |
1. virtus = central roman virtue (manliness, courage) 2. Roman soldiers taught to display virtus 3. with conquest, fewer Romans had to fight, spectacles instilled the importance of virtus |
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3 social control tactics |
1. socialization 2. consensus 3. corecion |
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socialization as a social control tactic |
teaching values from a young age |
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consensus as a social control tactic |
voluntary agreement about social goals make staged violence a group activity to celebrate approved behavior |
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coercion as a social control tactic |
compel behavior by threat of punishment romans always win (barbarians lose), shows what happens when you disobey Romans |
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Date that Colosseum was built |
70 AD |
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location of Colosseum |
heart of Rome |
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When did augustus take power? |
31 BC |
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Date of Nero's suicide? |
68 AD |
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3 Flavians |
1. Vespian 2. Titus 3. Domitian |
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Vespian ruler dates |
69-79 AD |
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Titus ruler dates |
79-81 AD |
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Domitian ruler dates |
81-96 AD |
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How did the Flavians get money to build the Colosseum? |
conquest into Jerusalem |
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Structure of the Colosseum |
4 stories seats arranged by social class (senators in front, women in back) elaborate underground structures |
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Why did the Flavians build the Colosseum? |
1. contrasted them from Nero (lavish gift to people, restored what was theirs and taken by Nero) 2. Demonstrated wealth and power of Flavians and of Romw 3. Connected them to Augusts (theater of Marcellus, near identical) 4. helped maintain power (reminder of what happens when you resist the government) |
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ontology = |
what actually is (factual data) |
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epistemology = |
our experience of the world |
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problems with the past: |
1. evidence is always incomplete 2. can't process it all, so simplify (4th Quadrant, McGurk) 3. understanding of the past reflects who we are. subject to constant change 4. depend on understanding of past to make decisions in present |
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movies reflect... |
the time and place of their creation the past changes with us, so movies about the past change with us |
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cold war era movies |
show autocratic roman gov. facing resistance by freedom-loving christians Roman gov = communist atheists = soviets christians = US Romans have British accents and are sexually repraved christians (US) are faithful and monogamous |
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greek version of tragedy = |
violence but offstage |
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Athenian public spectacle comes in the form of |
public plays (tragedies or comedies, with chorus) |
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When did the Athenians establish the first democracy? |
430 BC |
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6 beliefs of Athenian democracy |
1. All Athenians are capable of governing 2. Some Athenians are better at governing than others 3. Participation makes a better democratic government 5. there is wisdom in crowds 6. power corrupts |
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Athenian plays were written ... |
not to provide answers but to provoke thoughts |
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hypergood = |
what people value most in a society (socially determined) |
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Ancient greek hyper goods: |
1. arete 2. time 3. kleos |
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Arete |
excellence (especially in war) |
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Time |
earned by demonstrating Arete |
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Kleos |
Everlasting fame, earned by earning lots of time |
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Herodotus' stories imply that ... |
admired men were strong in battle and earned time |
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Homer birth date |
750 BC |
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The Iliad time period |
3 months in 9th year of Trojan war |
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Achilles in the Iliad |
Semi-divine (mother is divine) Pursues Time and Kleos, later decides that Time and Kleos don't necessarily bring happiness |
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Moral from the Iliad |
Those who are best equipped to pursue the hyper good may not want to |
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Greece's structure |
collection of individually governed societies (no set boundary) tied together by Greek language and shared religious beliefs |
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Periods in Greek History |
1. Bronze Age (3000-1100BC) 2. Dark Ages (1100 - 800BC) 3. Reconstruction (800 - 700 BC) 4. Archaic (700 - 480 BC) 5. Classical Period (480 - 323 BC) 6.Hellenistic (323 - 31) |
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Bronze Age |
3000-1100 BC First metal humans used technologically (farming and battle tools) Myceneans and Minoans benefitted most 1100 BC everything collapses (unknown reason) |
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Dark Ages |
1100-800 BC Populations decreases by 90% Greeks become illiterate Highly egalitarian political system |
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Reconstruction |
800-700 BC Greeks form colonies Set up Polis urban center & surrounding farmland politically unified while maintaining egalitarianism |
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Archaic Period |
700-480 BC 2 Poleis grow large (Athens and Sparta) Battle of Marathon (490 BC) Battle of Thermopylae (480 BC) |
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Battle of Marathon date and details |
490 BC Athenians are outnumbered but defeat Persians, thanks to their bronze armour |
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Battle of Thermopylae date and details |
480 BC Persians return, Athenians and Spartans form a confederacy and defeat Persians |
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Classical Period |
480-323 BC Athenians invade Sparta Peloponnesian Wars (460-404BC) Macedonians assume control in 338 BC unite country for first time Alexander conquers Persians (334-323 BC) |
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Peloponnesian Wars date and details |
460-404 BC Sparta vs. Athens, Sparta Wins |
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End of classical period marked by |
Alexander the great conquering Persia (334 until 323 BC) |
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Hellenistic Period |
323-31 BC Alexander the great dies leaving no succession plans |
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Periods of Rome |
1. Early Monarchy (1000-509 BC) 2. Republic (509 - 31 BC) 3. Empire (31BC - 476 AD) |
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Early Monarchy |
1000 - 509 BC myth of Romulus and Remus (found Rome) |
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Roman Republic |
509 - 31 BC Last Etruscan King overthrown, republic born Patricians, Senate, Magistrates, tribunes Mass conquest (400 BC) Control most territory around Rome (338 BC) Punic Wars (246-146 BC) |
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Patricians =
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small hereditary aristocracy |
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senate = |
minimal official powers any decision by the king was approved by senate |
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magistrates = |
2 chiefs (consuls) elected annually |
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tribunes = |
added later to provide plebeian voice |
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SPQR = |
"the senate and the people" Rome was run entirely by the senate and populus |
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Punic Wars date and details |
246-146 BC Against Carthage Rome gains control of the Mediterranean |
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Roman Empire |
31BC-476 AD Caesar overthrows republic (48 BC) Caesar assasinated (44 BC) Augustus = 1st emperor (31 BC) Nero = last Julio-Claudian Flavian dynasty succeeds 476 AD last Roman emperor deposed Rome lives as Byzantine Empire |
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Coins |
show financial state |
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pottery |
ceramics survive in large quantities allow us to find time and location easily |
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relative dating |
stratigraphy |
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stratigraphy |
human developments are horizontal through space and vertical through time strata allow you to determine sequence in which pieces were produced, relative to one another |
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absolute dating |
numerical value assigned to date calendrical dating = identifying item in strata, applying to other items in that strata |
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direct survival of texts |
written on durable material (metal or stone) usually brief texts |
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indirect survival of texts |
author writes on non-durable material, subsequent author transfers onto durable material |
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papyrus |
20 years to decompose preserved in Egypt since so dry |
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Museum of Alexandria |
formed by Ptolemy in 300 BC Greek population in Egypt wanted to maintain Greek Culture |
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Latin texts |
Romans transcribed texts on parchment (more easily preserved) |
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innovation ... |
carries a risk, people take comfort in wisdom and simplicity/reliability of the past |
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people make a point to use precedent for actions (modern example) |
Obama and Lincoln |
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Carolingans |
become hereditary kings of France (750 AD) Charlemagne |
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Charlemagne as ruler |
declared himself Roman Emperor Fabricated line of descent to connect himself to Julius and Augustus |
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French Revolution date and details |
1789 Replace monarch for a republic (no longer resembled Roman Empire) 1804 Napoleon assumes power and reestablishes empire |
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Napolean connects himself to ... |
Augustus through coins, art, architecture |
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We use the past to legitimize... |
our actions in the present |
