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150 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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nervous system
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complex network interconnected nerve fibers
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pms = peripheral nervous system =
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autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system
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somatic nervous system =
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voluntary, catabolic
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pns =
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ans + sns
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pns vs sns
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antagonistic
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motor cortex is in the
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middle
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visual cortex is in the
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very back occipital tip of brain
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somatosensory cortex
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in the topmost frontmost part of the parietal lobe of brain
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cerebellum
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darker walnut shaped underneath in the back of brain
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medulla
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receives heartrate info
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pons
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link between hindbrain and midbrain
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pons
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helps control respiration
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cerebellum
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voluntary movements, balance and equilibrium, muscle tone
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thalamus
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recognizze sensations
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hypothalamus
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regulates medulla
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cerebral cortex
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thoughts and personality
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vasomotor center is in the
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medulla
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midbrain
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major pathway for sensory and motor impulses
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cerebral cortex
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largest part of brain
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motor impulses run
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from cortex to lower portions of brain and then to spinal cord, body etc
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four lobes in cerebral cortex
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frontal, parietal, temporal occipital
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frontal lobe contains
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motor cortex
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temporal cortex contains
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auditory, olfactory,
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parietal lobe contains
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somatosensory
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occipital lobe contains
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visual cortex
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limbic system
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emotions threats anger fear
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neurotransmitters + epinephrine + norepinephrine =
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catecholamines
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parasympathetic calms and returns you to homeostasis after
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sympathetic arousal
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cerebral palsy
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chronic, nonprogressive disorder
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parkinsons disease
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progressive degeneration of basal ganglia, which control smooth motor coordination
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multiple sclerosis
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degenerative in brain, physical paralysis, nervous system fails to recognize and attacks self
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huntingtons disease
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hereditary, progressive degeneration of mind and body,
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poliomyelitis
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viral, attacks spinal nerves, polio attacks motor neuron cell bodies, causes motor problems and side effects later in life once cured
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paraplegia
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lower extremities affected due to lower spinal cord injury
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quadriplegia
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paralysis of all four limbs due to upper spinal cord injury
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endocrine system
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slow acting
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nervous system
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quickly acting
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pituary gland and hypothalamus regulate the
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endocrine system
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posterior pituitary produces
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oxytocin
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pituatary has how many lobes
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2
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anterior pituatary (lobe) produces
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STH (somatotropic hormone)
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STH (somatotropic hormone) leads to the production of
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TSH (thyrotropic hormone)
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ACTH adrenocortitropic hormone controls
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growth secretion of cortex region of adrenal glands
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androgens, estrogens, corticoids are all
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steroids
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diabetes
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cant make or use insulin
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diabetes type 1
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adolescence or late childhood onset, autoimmune, affects langerhaans cells
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diabetes type 2
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after age 40
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cardiovascular system
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heart blood vessels blood
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larger supply of blood
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heart must pump harder
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lower supply of blood
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weaker and less frequent heart beat
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atherosclerosis associated with
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angina pectoris - chest oain from low O2
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atherosclerosis also associated with
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myocardial infarction - clot in coronary blood vessel and flow of blood to heart stopped
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atherosclerosis
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rigid hard arteries
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phlebitis
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inflammation of a vein wall, accompanied by water retention and pain
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aneurysm
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a bulge in the section of the wall of an artery or vein
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rheumatic fever
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bacterial infection of the connective tissue
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during systole
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blood pressure is greatest
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cardiac output and peripheral resistance determine -
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blood pressure
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autoimmunity
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specific cell mediated or humoral response that attacks body's own tissues
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body in adults contains how many liters of blood
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5
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platelets are for clotting with
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thromboplastin
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blood flow affects and regulates
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body tempterature
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white blood cell production disorders:
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leukemia, leukocytemia, leukopenia
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leukopenia
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deficiency of WBCs
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leukocytosis
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excess of WBCs
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Leukemia
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cancer of the bone marrow
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anemia
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RBCs or hemoglobin are BELOW normal
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erythrocytosis
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excess red blood cells
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sickle cell
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RBC shape vulnerable to rupture leading to anemia
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hemophila
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inability to produce thromboplastin and fibrin for clotting
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clots are aka
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thromboses
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respiration's 3 main functions
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1) take in oxygen
2) excrete CO2 3) regulate blood composition |
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expiration is
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passive process
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inspiration
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active process
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respiration...
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medulla controls it
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asphyxia
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too much CO2 too little O2
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anoxia
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shortage of O2 alone, more dangerous
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hyperventilation
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too much O2 too little CO2, meaning too little vasodilation and too little blood flow to brain
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CO2 is a
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vasodilator
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asthma attacks
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muscles surrounding air tubes constrict
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hay fever
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violent sneezing from histamines due to pollen etc
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asthma
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mucus secretion clogs bronchioles
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upper respiratory tract infection
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incubation period 12-72 hrs
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incubation period -
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time btwn exposure and manifestation of symptoms
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inflammation of mucosal membranes leads to-
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coughing
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influenza is a more serious type of
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upper respiratory tract infection
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upper respiratory tract infections like colds and influenza are
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VIRAL infections
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strep throat, whooping cough, diptheria are
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bacterial infections
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strep throat - edema and
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reddening
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whooping cough
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moves down to trachea and bronchi. Its bacteria organisms go from upper respiratory tract into the blood.
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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not curable, 13 million americans, as deadly as cancer but more common, involves pulmonary emphysema blocking the flow of air, caused by smoking
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lobar pneumonia
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one lobe, one lung...alveoli inflamed
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bronchial pheumonia
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not as serious...confined to the bronchi, accompanies by cold or flu
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tuberculosis
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bacteria invading lung tissue
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tuberculosis causes caseation, which
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causes center of tubercle to turn into cheesy mass
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pleurisy
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inflammation of pleura, the membrane that surrounds the organs in the thoracic cavity
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pleurisy
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produces painful sticky fluid
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lung cancer
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affected cells reproduce wildly, carcinoma due to environmental causes
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absorption of food happens in
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small intestine primarily
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secum and thr ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon
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parts of the large intestine
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small intestine is under control of the
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sns and pns
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gastroenteritis
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inflammation of lining of small intestine and stomach, caused by excessive food or drink
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chronic diarrhea
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electrolyte imbalance if chronic
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dysentery
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like diarrhea but mucous and blood also excreted along with the feces
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peptic ulcer
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open sore in stomach lining or duodenum
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gallstones
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cholesterol, ca, bilirubin, inorganic salts
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cholecystitis
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precursor for gallstones
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appendicitis
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when wastes accumulate in appendix
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hepatitis
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inflammation of liver...bilirubin cannot pass into bile ducts
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hepatitis A
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caused by virus and is spread through bad food and water
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hepatitis B
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more serious, an STD
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hepatitis C
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spread by blood transfusions
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kidneys ureters urinary bladder and urethra form the
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renal system
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kidneys control
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water/electrolyte balance in body, filtration of blood, urine production
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acute glomerular nephritis
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antigen-antibody reactions in which glomeruli of kidneys is inflamed
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tubular necrosis
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death of epithelial cells in kidney tubules
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pituitary gland controls
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reproductive system development
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anterior pituitary --->
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gonadotropic hormones
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viral and bacterial pathogens mimic the
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basic protein sequences of body
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lymphoma is a tumor of
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the lymphatic tissue
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elephantiasis attacks lympatic tissue and blocks
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flow of lymph
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tonsillitis
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inflammation of tonsils stopping them from filtering out bacteria
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MS, schizophrenia and Alzheimers have
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infectious triggers
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rheumotoid arthritis characterized by
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destruction of inflammatory response
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strong inflammatory response used to be adaptive in prehistoric times and is now
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maladaptive now that life expectancy is higher and it is no longer needed to ward off pathogens as much
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cell mediated immunity
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involves T lymphcytes
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immunity
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RESISTANCE TO HARM
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phagocytosis
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how certain blood cells ingest pathogens
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humoral immunity regulated by
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B lymphocytes
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specific immune mechanisms are always
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acquired after birth
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spleen tonsils and thymus gland are part of
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lymphatic system
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spleen aids in the production of
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B and T cells, and also and removes old RBCs from blood
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infections may be
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localized, focal or systemic
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in pneumonia the secondary infection actually poses a
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greater risk than primary one. but usually the severity is the other way around
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macrophages release interleukin-1 and display
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their antigen material
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direct and indirect
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transmission of pathogens
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mechanical transmission
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dirty hands, bad water, rats, mice, flies or other carriers
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virulence of organism is determined by its pathogenic
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aggressiveness
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health psychologicsts must know distress patterns of genetically predisposed individuals
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that is to say, they must know who will be stressed and when
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risk of STDs for women =
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chronic pelvic inflammatory disease may result
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amenhorrhea, menses, oligomenorrhea
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menstrual disorders
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progesterone
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prepares female body for pregnancy during second half of her pregnancy
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7% of couples have
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fertility problems, In vitro fertilization (IVF) works 30% of the time
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genetic counseling can reveal presence or future presence of
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tay-sachs disease, muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, huntingtons's disease and breast cancer
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hodgekin's lymphoma
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a progressive tumor of lymphatic tissue that enlarges lymph nodes and makes it hard to produce antibodies
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these diseases are autoimmune
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arthritis, multiple sclerosis and lupus erythymatosis
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these conditions have lifestyle factors
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PID (pelvic inflammatory disorder), HIV and Infertility
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Bile is made in
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in liver
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Insulin is made in
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in Pancreas
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pepsin is made in the
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stomach
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