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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the process of tissue culture?
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1. Cells taken from the tip of the shoot
2. Placed on jelly - chemical helps the cell to divide 3. Makes callus - each callus placed on jelly which contains hormones to encourage roots and shoots to form 4. Once plant has grown, placed in compost |
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What are the advantages of tissue culture?
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1. Fast, creates thousands of plants quickly
2. Little space needed 3. No problems with weather or seasons, grow all year round 4. Disease-free |
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What is the process of embryo transplanting?
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1. Sperm cell & Egg cell taken fromselected animals.
2. Cells fuse in a dish 3. Each fertilised cell then grows into an embryo 4. Embryo cells separated and are placed into different host mothers |
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What is the process of adult cell cloning?
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1. Cell taken from animal, nucleus extracted and used.
2. Unfertilised egg cell taken from animal, nucleus extracted and not used. 3. Nucleus put into unfertilised egg cell 4. Electric shock causes embryo to form 5. Embryo placed into another sheep to develop |
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What is genetic engineering?
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It's when you take a gene for a particular characteristic from a chromosone, and place it inside an individual of a different species, and so they will then have the same characteristic.
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What is the organism called that contains the new gene?
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Transgenic organism.
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How can we use genetic engineering to produce insulin?
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1. The insulin gene is cut out of the chromosone using enzymes
2. Placed into bacterium. 4. Bacterium reproduces asexually 5. Soon there are millions of similar bacteria all producing insulin 6. Insulin extracted and purified for use |
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How do we produce GM plants?
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1. Cells taken from normal plant and grown into calluses
2. Cells separated and mixed with bacteria containing herbicide gene 3. Plant cells tested 4. Cells cultured to grow into new plants 5. Herbicide-resistant plants produce seed that can be planted in fields |
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What's the disadvantage of cloning?
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A reduced "gene pool" leading to vulnerability to new diseases
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