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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Methods of cloning
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1. somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT)
2. embryonic cell nuclear transfer(ECNT) 3. early embryo splitting 4. chimera's are related |
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somatic cell nuclear transfer
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1. nuclear transplant
2. relies on cytoplasmic factors of egg and direct early development 3. can have reproductive (live births) or therapeutic (research) |
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embryonic cell nuclear transfer
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1. same as SCNT but take the nucleus from a embryonic cell to give greater chance that it wil lbe a success
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early embryo splitting
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artificially creating multiples by isolating totipotent cells from each other
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chimera
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putting totipotent cells of 2 separate individuals together to create one individual with 2 different genotypes
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what are some difficulties with cloning?
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1. SCNT not highly successful(ECNT a little better)
2. Embryo suurvival low(~2-5%) 3. early development variable -identical twins not identical(morph of behave) due to diff environments 4. the influence of the cytoplasm of the egg |
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list of things we know so far
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1. fewer protein-coding genes
2. lots of functional non-coding elements 3. ubiquitors transcription 4. large intergenic non-coding RNAs |
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large intergenic non-coding RNAs
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1. cell-cycle regulation
2. immune responses 3. brain processes 4. gametopgenesis 5. modulate gene expressions |
