Clint Walker

Front 1

On the same side of the body -term

Back 1

ipsilateral

Front 2

opposite side of the body as the reference point - term

Back 2

contralateral

Front 3

dorsiflexion

Back 3

Bending the ankle upward. dorsal means back

Front 4

plantarflexion

Back 4

the movement of the ankle joint in which the foot is flexed downward (standing on toes)

Front 5

protrusion

Back 5

Moving anteriorly

Front 6

retraction

Back 6

moving a part posteriorly.

Front 7

circumduction

Back 7

The movement of a body part so that its end follows a circular pathway.

Front 8

long bones

Back 8

length is greater than the width (humerous)

Front 9

short bones

Back 9

cuboidal

Front 10

flat bones

Back 10

platelike found primarily in vault of skull

Front 11

irregular bones

Back 11

bones of mixed shape -- ex. vertebrae and hip bones

Front 12

sesamoid bones

Back 12

developed in tendon, designed to protect the tendon from exxcessive wear

Front 13

diaphysis

Back 13

The shaft of a long bone.

Front 14

epiphysis

Back 14

End of a long bone. rounded end of bone

Front 15

articular

Back 15

joints or related to joints

Front 16

epiphyseal plate

Back 16

Thin cartilage plate separating the diaphysis and epiphysis during bony growth; commonly referred to as growth plate.

Front 17

compact bone

Back 17

A layer of solid, hard bone that covers spongy bone.

Front 18

spongy bone

Back 18

less dense and weaker than compact bone. mabe of lattice called trabeculae

Front 19

periosteum

Back 19

covers non-articular surfaces of bone. contains blood vessels. Abundant sersory nerve supply (periosteal nerves)

Front 20

synovial joints

Back 20

movement occurs in all 3 planes. contains joint capsule with a synovial membrane. joint cavity is filled with synovial fluid.

Front 21

cartilage in synovial joints

Back 21

hyaline

Front 22

non-synovial joint

Back 22

bones joined by connective tissue. classified by type of connective tissue in joint

Front 23

fibrous joints - list

Back 23

suture
gomphisis
syndesmosis

Front 24

suture

Back 24

ends of bones interlock. small amount of movement. more movement early in life

Front 25

gomphisis

Back 25

joint where a bony structure is implanted deep into another bony structure. An example would be the joint between a tooth and the mandible

Front 26

syndesmosis

Back 26

when bones are joined by a ligament, cord, of interosseus membrane(b/n bones) ex. radius-ulna and tibia-fibula

Front 27

cartilaginous joints -list

Back 27

symphysis
synchondroses

Front 28

cartilaginous joint

Back 28

bones connected by cartilage

Front 29

symphysis

Back 29

where bones are joined by fibrocartilage which is in the form of a disk or plate.
Ex- symphysis pubis or intervertebral disk

Front 30

synchondroses

Back 30

hyaline cartilage b/n two ossifying centers of bone ex-epiphyseal plate

Front 31

types of muscle

Back 31

smooth
cardiac
skeletal

Front 32

smooth muscle

Back 32

involuntary
blood vessels
gastrointestinal

Front 33

cardiac muscle

Back 33

involuntary heart

Front 34

endomysium

Back 34

wraps indeividual muscle fibers

Front 35

perimysium

Back 35

wraps group of muscle fibers

Front 36

epimysium

Back 36

wraps entire muscle

Front 37

tendon

Back 37

primarily collogen attaches muscle to bone

Front 38

origin

Back 38

generally the proximal attachment site where there is less movement

Front 39

insertion

Back 39

generally the distal attachment site where there is more movement

Front 40

bursae

Back 40

a small fluid-filled (synovial fluid) sac between a tendon and a bone that protects muscles and tendons from coming into direct contact with bones

Front 41

synovial sheathes

Back 41

tubes of synovial membrane that wrap around tendons to decrease friction b/n tendons and surrounding structures

Front 42

intramuscularly septa

Back 42

separates a muscle group from another

Front 43

retinacula

Back 43

thickenings of deel fascia that serve to hold tendons close to bones as joints are moved. ex- carpal tunnel

Front 44

suture that separates frontal lobe from parietal

Back 44

bregma

Front 45

suture that separates occipital lobe from parietal

Back 45

lambda

Front 46

closure of bregma sutue

Back 46

5-8 years

Front 47

closure of lambda suture

Back 47

around 1 year

Front 48

trapezius origin

Back 48

external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line of occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7, T1-T12 vertebrae

Front 49

trapezius insertion

Back 49

lateral 1/3 of clavicle, spine of scapula, acromion

Front 50

trapezius action

Back 50

elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula

Front 51

trapezius nerve innervation

Back 51

Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI) supplies the moto innervation and ventral rami of C3 and C4 supply sensory fibers

Front 52

upper trapezius origin

Back 52

external occipital protuberance, medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, from C1-C5

Front 53

upper trapezius insertion

Back 53

lateral 1/3 of clavical

Front 54

upper trapezius action

Back 54

elevate shoulders, upward rotation of the scapula

Front 55

middle trapezius origin

Back 55

spinous processes of C6-T3

Front 56

middle trapezius insertion

Back 56

medial border of the scapular spine

Front 57

middle trapezius action

Back 57

adducts (retracts) scapula

Front 58

lower trapezius origin

Back 58

spinous process T4-T12

Front 59

lower trapezius insertion

Back 59

tubercle at medial end of scapular spine

Front 60

lower trapezius action

Back 60

scapular depression, upward rotation of the scapula, scapular adduction

Front 61

Latissimous dorsi origin

Back 61

Lower 6 of thoracic (T7-T12), thoracolumbar (TLF) fascia, crest of ilium, muscular slips from lower 3or 4 ribs

Front 62

Latissimous dorsi insertion

Back 62

floor or intubercular groove of humerous

Front 63

Latissimous dorsi action

Back 63

extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus

Front 64

Latissimous dorsi nerve innervation

Back 64

tharacodorsal (middle subscapular) C6-C8

Front 65

rhomboidueus major origin

Back 65

spines T2-T5

Front 66

rhomboidueus major insertion

Back 66

medial border of scapula b/n spine and inferior angle

Front 67

rhomboidueus major action

Back 67

adducts and rotates scapul, glenoid cavity downward

Front 68

rhomboidueus major nerve innervation

Back 68

dorsal scapular C5

Front 69

Rhomboideus minor origin

Back 69

ligamentum nuchae spines C7-T1

Front 70

Rhomboideus minor insertion

Back 70

root of scapular spine

Front 71

Rhomboideus minor action

Back 71

adducts and rotates scapula

Front 72

Rhomboideus minor nerve innervation

Back 72

dorsal scapula C5

Front 73

levatar scapulae origin

Back 73

transverse process of atlas(C1), axis (C2), C3-C4

Front 74

levatar scapulae insertion

Back 74

superior medial border of scapula

Front 75

levatar scapulae action

Back 75

elevates and rotates scapula downward

Front 76

levatar scapulae nerve innervation

Back 76

dorsal scapular C5

Front 77

serratus posterior superior origin

Back 77

inferior portion of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes C7-T3

Front 78

serratus posterior superior insertion

Back 78

superior borders of ribs 2-4 sometimes 5

Front 79

serratus posterior superior action

Back 79

elevates superior ribs, and aids in inspiration

Front 80

serratus posterior superior nerve innervation

Back 80

intercostals nn ?neural network?

Front 81

serratus posterior inferior origin

Back 81

spinous process T11-T12 and L1 L2

Front 82

serratus posterior inferior insertion

Back 82

inferior borders of ribs 9-12

Front 83

serratus posterior inferior action

Back 83

depresses ribs 9-12

Front 84

serratus posterior inferior nerve innervation

Back 84

intercostals nn ?neural network?

Front 85

serratus anterior evaluation

Back 85

push test

Front 86

serratus anterior origin

Back 86

lateral surface of 1st to 8th ribs

Front 87

serratus anterior insertion

Back 87

anterior surface of medial border of scapula

Front 88

serratus anterior action

Back 88

protracts (abducts) and rotates scapula upward; fixes scapula against thorax

Front 89

serratus anterior nerve innervation

Back 89

long thoracic

Front 90

cervical curvature

Back 90

convex anteriorly-lordotic

Front 91

thoracic curvature

Back 91

concave anteriorly-kyphotic

Front 92

lumbar curvature

Back 92

convex anteriorly-lordotic

Front 93

sacral curvature

Back 93

concave anteriorly-kyphotic

Front 94

primary curvatures

Back 94

at birth only the thoracic and sacral kyphotic curves are present

Front 95

secondary curvatures

Back 95

the cervical curve develops as a baby is able to lift his/her head and lumbar curve develops with the assumption of an erect, bepedal posture(look up times)

Front 96

scoliosis

Back 96

lateral sway in spine

Front 97

kyphosis

Back 97

hump-back

Front 98

anterior longitudinal ligament

Back 98

strong ligament located on the anterior and lateral surfaces of vertebral bodies- runs from sacrum to C2

Front 99

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Back 99

located along the posterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies (within vertebral canal)-runs from sacrum to C2

Front 100

interspinous

Back 100

runs between spines of adjacent vertebraa- limits flexion

Front 101

supraspinous

Back 101

runs along the tips of the spinous processes from sacrum to C7

Front 102

Ligamentum Nuchae

Back 102

the superior continuation of the supraspinous ligament that runs from C7 to the external occipital protuberance- also limits flexion

Front 103

Ligamentum flavum

Back 103

located on the posterior surface of the vertebral canal runs from sacrum to C2

Front 104

true (vertebrocostal) ribs

Back 104

ribs 1-7. they attach directly to the sternum via costal cartilages associated with each rib

Front 105

false (vertebrocostal) ribs

Back 105

ribs 8-10. they have an indirect connection with the sternum. their cartilage articulates with the cartilage of the rib superior to them

Front 106

floating ribs

Back 106

ribs that do not connect to adjacent cartilage or the sternum

Front 107

rib head

Back 107

wedge shaped with articular surfaces of attachment to vertebra bodies

Front 108

joint where ribs connect to vertebrae

Back 108

costovertebral

Front 109

rib neck

Back 109

b/n head and tubercle

Front 110

rib tubercle

Back 110

have facet for the articulation with the transverse process

Front 111

joint where ribs connect to transverse processes

Back 111

costotransverse

Front 112

rib angle

Back 112

point of greatest change in curvature

Front 113

costal groove

Back 113

contains and protects intercostal arteries veins and nerves

Front 114

costal cartilage

Back 114

hyaline

Front 115

manubrium

Back 115

handle of sword

Front 116

3 parts of sternum

Back 116

manubrium
body
xiphoid process

Front 117

jugular notch

Back 117

suprasternal notch

Front 118

sternal angle

Back 118

bottom of maunbrium. attachment site of second rib level of trachea split

Front 119

sternum body

Back 119

longer narrower that manubrium located at level T5-T9

Front 120

xiphoid process

Back 120

found at level T10. tip of sternum

Front 121

surgical neck of humerous

Back 121

narrow portion of the bone just distal to the tubercles (most common fracture site)

Front 122

coracoclavicular joint

Back 122

provide main reinforcement to prevent tp superior and lateral separation of the AC joint

Front 123

2 parts of the coracoclavicular joint

Back 123

Conoid
Trapezoid

Front 124

Conoid

Back 124

runs from coracoid process and trapezoid ligaments. vertically oriented and located medial and slightly posterior to trapezoid

Front 125

trapezoid

Back 125

runs from coracoid process to the trapezoid line of the clavicle. the fibers are oriented more horizontally than conoid

Front 126

AC joint x-ray

Back 126

bilarteral x-ray should get both left and right sides for comparison

Front 127

most breast cancer occur

Back 127

superior lateral quadrant contains 50% of breast cancers

Front 128

Pectoralis major origin

Back 128

medial half of clavicle, sternum to 6th costal cartilage, cartilages of ribs 2-6

Front 129

Pectoralis major Insertion

Back 129

lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerous

Front 130

Pectoralis major Action

Back 130

adducts flex and medially rotates arm

Front 131

Pectoralis major nerve innervation

Back 131

medial and lateral pectoral, clavicular head (C5 and C6, sternocostal head (C7, C8, and T1)

Front 132

Pectoralis minor origin

Back 132

upper outer surface of ribs 3-5 3 muscles

Front 133

Pectoralis minor insertion

Back 133

coracoid process of scapula

Front 134

Pectoralis minor action

Back 134

stabilizes and depresses scapula

Front 135

Pectoralis minor nerver innervation

Back 135

medial pectoral (C8-T1)

Front 136

supraglenoid tubercle

Back 136

above glenoid cavity where the long head of the biceps attaches

Front 137

infraglenoid tubercle

Back 137

below glenoid cavity where the long head of the triceps attaches

Front 138

two names for the humerous notch on scapula

Back 138

glenoid fossa
glenoid cavity

Front 139

glenoid labrum

Back 139

gives glenoid cavity about 50% more dept

Front 140

ligaments that help to hold the humerus in the glenoid fossa

Back 140

glenohumeral ligaments

Front 141

number of glenohumeral ligaments

Back 141

3 superior
middle
inferior

Front 142

corocohumeral ligament

Back 142

runs from lateral border of the coracoid process to the anterior border of the greater tubercle

Front 143

subacromial space location

Back 143

between the coracoacromial arch and the humeral head

Front 144

coracoacromial arch

Back 144

acromion, coracoacromial ligament, and coracoid process

Front 145

contents of subacromial space

Back 145

subacromial bursae
supraspinatus tendon
glenohumeral joint capsule
biceps long head tendon

Front 146

most common rotator cuff injury

Back 146

supraspinatus tendon impingement

Front 147

deltoid origin

Back 147

lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Front 148

deltoid insertion

Back 148

deltoid tuberosity on the humerus

Front 149

anterior deltoid action

Back 149

flexes, horzontally adducts, medially rotates arm

Front 150

middle deltoid action

Back 150

abducts arm

Front 151

posterior deltoid action

Back 151

extends, horizontally abducts and laterally rotates the arm

Front 152

deltoid nerve innervation

Back 152

axillary (C5,C6)

Front 153

teres major origin

Back 153

dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula

Front 154

teres major insertion

Back 154

medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

Front 155

teres major action

Back 155

adducts, medially rotates , and extends humerus (same as lats)

Front 156

teres major nerve innervation

Back 156

lower subscapular (C6-C7)

Front 157

triceps origin

Back 157

infraglenoid tuberosity of scapula

Front 158

triceps insertion

Back 158

olecranon of ulna and deep fascia of forearm

Front 159

triceps action

Back 159

extends forearm, assists in extending humerus

Front 160

triceps nerve innervation

Back 160

radial (C6-C8)

Front 161

rotator cuff muscles

Back 161

SITS
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

Front 162

supraspinatus orgin

Back 162

supraspinatus fossa of scapula

Front 163

supraspinatus insertion

Back 163

superior facet of greater tuberosity of humerus (horizontal part of humerus head)

Front 164

supraspinatus action

Back 164

assists deltoid in abducting arm, fixes head of humerus to glenoid cavity, rotates head of humerus laterally

Front 165

supraspinatus nerve innervation

Back 165

suprascapular (C5, C6)

Front 166

infraspinatus origin

Back 166

infraspinatus fossa of scapula

Front 167

infraspinatus insertion

Back 167

middle facet of greater tuberosity of humerus (verticle part of humerus head)

Front 168

infraspinatus action

Back 168

laterally rotates arm

Front 169

infraspinatus nerve innervation

Back 169

suprascapular (C5, C6)

Front 170

teres minor origin

Back 170

superior portion of lateral border of scapula

Front 171

teres minor insertion

Back 171

lowest facet greater tuberosity of humerus

Front 172

teres minor action

Back 172

laterally rotates arm, and adducts arm

Front 173

teres minor nerve innervation

Back 173

axillary (C5, C6)

Front 174

subscapularis origin

Back 174

subscapular fossa

Front 175

subscapularis insertion

Back 175

lesser tuberosity of humerus

Front 176

subscapularis action

Back 176

medially rotates arm and adducts arme

Front 177

subscapularis nerve innvervation

Back 177

upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5-C7)

Front 178

boundaries of quadrangular space

Back 178

superior: teres minor
lateral: surgical neck of humerus
inferior: teres major
medial: long head of triceps

Front 179

structures passing through quadrangular space

Back 179

axillary nerve
posterior humeral circumflex

Front 180

boundaries of triangular space

Back 180

superior: teres minor
inferior: teres major
lateral: long head of triceps
apex: b/n teres minor and major medially

Front 181

structures passing through triangular space

Back 181

circumflex scapular artery

Front 182

boundaries of triangle interval

Back 182

superior: teres major
lateral: lateral head of triceps
medial: long head of triceps

Front 183

structures of the triangle interval

Back 183

radial nerve
deep brachial artery

Front 184

C5

Back 184

Lateral epicondyle

Front 185

C6

Back 185

thumb

Front 186

C7

Back 186

index/middle finger

Front 187

C8

Back 187

ring/little finger

Front 188

T1

Back 188

medial epicondyle

Front 189

Axillary artery before it was axillary artery and where does it change

Back 189

subclavian artery changes distal to the first rib

Front 190

axillary artery after it is axillary artery and where does it change

Back 190

brachial.. it changes after the teres major

Front 191

1 branch of axillary artery

Back 191

superior thoracic goes down

Front 192

2 branch of axillary artery

Back 192

thoracoacromial trunk going up
lateral thoracic a going down

Front 193

3 branch of axillary artery

Back 193

subscapular a going down
-- circumflex scapular
-- thoracodorsal
Posterior circumflex humeral
Anterior Circumflex humeral