Clinically Oriented Anatomy 5Th Edition Moore & Dalley Lower Limb

Front 1

Pectineus

Back 1

O: Superior Ramus of Pubis
I: Pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter.
NN I: Femoral Nerve (*L2, L3); may receive branch from obturator nerve
MM A: Adducts and flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation of the thigh

Front 2

Iliopsoas/Psoas Major

Back 2

O: Sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs between them; tranverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae
I: Lesser Trochanter of femur
NN I: Anterior Rami of Lumbar Nerves (*L1, *L2, L3)
MM A: Weak flexor of the trunk; no action at the hip joint

Front 3

Psoas Minor

Back 3

O: Sides of T12-L1 vertebrae and intervertebral disc.
I: Pectineal line, iliopectineal eminence via iliopectineal arch.
NN I: Anterior rami of lumbar nerves L1 L2
MM A: Flexes thigh at hip join and in stabilizing the hip.

Front 4

Iliacus

Back 4

O: Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligaments
I: Tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, and femur distal to it.
NN I: Femoral nerve *L2, L3
MM A: Flexes thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing the hip.

Front 5

Sartorius

Back 5

O: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine, ASIS, and superior part of notch inferior to it.
I: Superior part of medial surface of tibia.
NN: Femoral Nerve L2, L3
MM A: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint.

Front 6

Rectus Femoris

Back 6

O: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine, AIIS, and ilium superior to acetabulum.
I: Common Tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and Patella.
NN I: Femoral Nerve L2, *L3, *L4
MM A: Extend leg at knee joint; Steadies hip joint and helps ilopsoas flex thigh

Front 7

Vastus Lateralis

Back 7

O: Greater trochanter and lateal lip of linea aspera of femur.
I: Common Tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and Patella.
NN I: Femoral Nerve L2, *L3, *L4
MM A: Extend leg at knee

Front 8

Vastus Medialis

Back 8

O: Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur.
I: Common Tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and Patella.
NN I: Femoral Nerve L2, *L3, *L4
MM A: Extend leg at knee

Front 9

Vastus intermedius

Back 9

O: Anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur.
I: Common Tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and Patella.
NN I: Femoral Nerve L2, *L3, *L4
MM A: Extend leg at knee

Front 10

Adductor Longus

Back 10

O: Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest.
I: Middle third of linea aspera of femur.
NN I: Obturator nerve, branch of anterior division (*L2, *L3, L4)
MM A: Adduction, flexion, and medial rotation of thigh

Front 11

Adductor Brevis

Back 11

O: Body and inferior ramus of pubis.
I: Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur.
NN I: Obturator nerve (L2, *L3, L4), branches of posterior division. Hamstrings part: tibial part of sciatic nerve *L4

Front 12

Adductor Magnus

Back 12

O: Adductor Part: Interior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium; Hamstrings Part: ischial tuberosity
I: Adductor Part: Gluteal Tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line. Hamstrings Part: Adductor tubercle of femur.
NN I: Addcutor Part: Obturator Nerve (L2, *L3, *L4), branches of posterior division. Hamstrings part: Tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4).
MM A: Adduction, Extnesion and Medial Rotation of the thigh

Front 13

Gracilis

Back 13

O: Body and inferior ramus of pubis.
I: Superior part of the medial surface of the tibia.
NN I: Obturator Nerve (*L2, L3)
MM A: Adducts thigh; flexes leg; helps rotate leg medially

Front 14

Obturator Externus

Back 14

O: Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane.
I: Trochanteric fossa of femur.
NN I: Obturator Nerve L3, *L4
MM A: Laterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femure in acetabulum

Front 15

Gluteues Maximus

Back 15

O: Ilium posterior to posteior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligament
I: Iliotibial tract, which inserts into the lateral condyle of tibia; some insert on gluteal tuberosity.
NN I: Inferior Gluteal Nerve *L5 *S1, S2.
MM A: Extends thigh especially from flexed position and assists in lateral rotation; Upper fibers abduct the thigh. Assists in rising from sitting position

Front 16

Gluteus Medius

Back 16

O: External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal.
I: Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur.
NN I: Superior Gluteal Nerve *L5, S1.
MM A: Abduction of thigh; upper fibers medially rotate thigh; Role in postural abduction, especially during gait.

Front 17

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Back 17

O: Anterior superior Iliac Spine, ASIS, anterior part of iliac crest.
I: Iliotibial tract, which attach to lateral condyle of tibia.
NN I: Superior Gluteal Nerve *L5, S1.
MM A: Medial rotation and abduction of the thigh; assists gluteus medius in postural abduction. Acting through the Iliotibial tract it extends knee and laterally rotates leg. Acting from below in standing, steadies pelvis on head of femur and femoral condyles on tibia

Front 18

Gluteus Minimus

Back 18

O: External surface of ilium between anteiror and inferior gluteal lines.
I: Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur.
NN I: Superior Gluteal Nerve *L5, S1.
MM A: Adduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during swing phase.

Front 19

Piriformis

Back 19

O: Anterior surface of sacrum; sacrotuberous ligament
I: Superior border of greater trochanter of femur
NN I: Branches of anterior rami of *S1, and S2.
MM A: Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum.

Front 20

Obturator Internus

Back 20

O: Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones.
I: Medial surface of grater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur.
NN I: Nerve to obturator internus (L5 *S1)
MM A: Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum.

Front 21

Superior Gemellus

Back 21

O: Ischial Spine
I: Medial surface of grater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur.
NN I: Nerve to Obturator Internus (L5, *S1).
MM A: Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum.

Front 22

Inferior Gemellus

Back 22

O: Ischial Tuberosity
I: Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
NN I: Nerve to quadratus femoris L5, S1
MM A: Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum.

Front 23

Quadratus femoris

Back 23

O: Lateral border of ischial tuberosity.
I: Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it.
NN I: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
MM A: Laterally rotates thigh; steadies femoral head in acetabulum

Front 24

Semitendinosus

Back 24

O: Ischial Tuberosity
I: Medial surface of superior part of tibia
NN I: Tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (*L5, *S1, S2).
MM A: Extend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunk.

Front 25

Semimembranosus

Back 25

O: Ischial Tuberosity
I: Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia; reflected attachment formes oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)
NN I: Tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (*L5, *S1, S2).
MM A: Extend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunk.

Front 26

Biceps Femoris

Back 26

O: Long Head: ischial tuberosity. Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
I: Lateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of knee
NN I: Long head: Tibial nerve (L5, *S1, S2). Short head: common fibular (peroneal) nerve (L5, *S1, S2)
MM A: Flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh (e.g. when starting to walk)

Front 27

What muscles make up the Anterior Compartment?

Back 27

Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus, and Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius

Front 28

Tibialis Anterior

Back 28

O: Lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane.
I: Medial and inferior sufraces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal.
NN I: Deep fibular nerve *L4, L5
MM A: Dorsiflexes ankles and inverts foot

Front 29

Extensor digitorum longus

Back 29

O: Lateral condyle of tibia and superior three quarters of meidal surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.
I: Middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits.
NN I: Deep fibular nerve L5, S1.
MM A: Extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes ankle

Front 30

Extensor hallucis longus

Back 30

O: Middle part of anterior surface of fibuula and interosseous membrane.
I: Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux).
NN I: Deep fibular nerve L5, S1
MM A: Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle

Front 31

Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius

Back 31

O: Inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.
I: Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal.
NN I: Deep fibular nerve L5, S1
MM A: Dorsiflexes ankle and aids in inversion of foot

Front 32

What muscles make up the lateral compartment?

Back 32

Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus and Brevis

Front 33

Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus

Back 33

O: Head and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula.
I: Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform.
NN I: Superficial fibular nerve (*L5, *S1,)
MM A: Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

Front 34

Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis

Back 34

O: Inferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula.
I: Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal.
NN I: Superficial fibular nerve (*L5, *S1, S2)
MM A: Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

Front 35

Gastrocnemius

Back 35

O: Lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur. Medial head: popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle.
I: Posterior surface of calacneus via calcaneal tendon (Achilles)
NN I: Tibial Nerve (S1, S2)
MM A: PF ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee joint.

Front 36

Soleus

Back 36

O: Posterior surface of fibular head and proximal shaft, soleal line and middle third of medial tibia, and fibrous band between tibia and fibula.
I: Posterior surface of calacneus via calcaneal tendon (Achilles)
NN I: Tibial Nerve (S1, S2)
MM A: PF ankle independent of position of knee; steadies leg on foot

Front 37

Plantaris

Back 37

O: Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur; oblique politeal ligament
I: Posterior surface of calacneus via calcaneal tendon (Achilles)
NN I: Tibial Nerve (S1, S2)
MM A: Weakly assists gastrocnemius in PF ankle.

Front 38

Politeus

Back 38

O: Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus.
I: Posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line.
NN I: Tibial Nerve (L4, L5, S1)
MM A: Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating femur 5 degrees on fixed tibia; medially rotates tibia of unplanted limb

Front 39

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Back 39

O: Inferior two thirds of posterior surface of fibula; inferior part of interosseous membrane.
I: Base of distal phalanx of great toes (hallux)
NN I: Tibial Nerve (L5, *S1, *S2)
MM A: Flexes great toe at all joints; weakly PF ankle; Supports medial longitudinal arhces of foot

Front 40

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Back 40

O: Medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line; by a broad tendon to fibula
I: Bases of distal phlanges of lateral four digits.
NN I: Tibial Nerve (S2, S3)
MM A: Flexes lateral four digits; PF ankle; supplors longitudinal arches of foot

Front 41

Tibialis Posterior

Back 41

O: Interosseous membrane; posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line; posterior surface of fibula.
I: Tuberosity of navicular, cuneiform, and cuboid,; bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals
NN I: NN I: Tibial Nerve (L4, L5)
MM A: PF ankle, inverts foot

Front 42

Abductor Hallucis

Back 42

O: Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosis.
I: Medial side of baes of proximal phalanx of 1st digit.
NN I: Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3).
MM A: Abducts and flexes 1st digit (great toe, hallux)

Front 43

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Back 43

O: Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septa.
I: Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits
NN I: Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
MM A: Flexes lateral four digits.

Front 44

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Back 44

O: Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septa.
I: Lateral side of bae of proximal phalanx of 5th digit.
NN I: Lateral plantar nerve S2, S3
MM A: Abductos and flexes little toes, 5th digit

Front 45

Quadratus plantae

Back 45

O: Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus.
I: Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus.
NN I: Lateral plantar nerve S2, S3.
MM A: Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits.

Front 46

Lumbricals

Back 46

O: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: Medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits.
NN I: Medial one: medial plantar nerve S2, S3. Lateral three: Lateral plantar nerve S2, S3.
MM A: Flex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

Front 47

Flexor Halucis Brevis

Back 47

O: Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms.
I: Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit.
NN I: Medial plantar nerve S2, S3.
MM A: Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Front 48

Adductor Hallucis

Back 48

O: Oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4. Transverse head: plantar ligaments of metatarsophalangeal joints.
I: Tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit.
NN I: Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve S2, S3.
MM A: Adduct 1st digit; assists in transverse arch of foot by metatarsal medially.

Front 49

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Back 49

O: Base of 5th metatarsal.
I: Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit.
NN I: Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve S2, S3
MM A: Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit, thereby assisting with its flexion

Front 50

Plantar interossei

Back 50

O: Bases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5.
I: Medial sides of bases of phalanges of 3rd-5th digits.
NN I: Lateral plantar nerve S2, S3
MM A: Adducts digits 3-5 and flexes metatarsophalangeal joints of 3-5.

Front 51

Dorsal interossei

Back 51

O: Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5.
I: Medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit; 2nd-4th;: lateral sides of 2nd-4th digits.
NN I: Lateral plantar nerve S2,S3
MM A: Abduct digits (2-4 and flexes metatarsophalangeal joints.

Front 52

Extensor digitorum brevis

Back 52

O: Calcaneus, floor of tarsal sinus; interosseous talocalcaneal ligament; stem of inferior extensor retinaculum.
I: Long flexor tendons of four medial toes, digits 2-5.
NN I: Deep fibular nerve L5 or S1
MM A: Aids the extensor digitorum longus in extending the four medial toes at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints.

Front 53

Extensor hallucis Brevis

Back 53

O: Calcaneus, floor of tarsal sinus; interosseous talocalcaneal ligament; stem of inferior extensor retinaculum.
I: Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toes, digit 1
NN I: Deep fibular nerve L5 or S1
MM A: Aids the extensor hallucis longus in extending the great toe at the MTP joint