Clinically Important Oncogenes

Front 1

This oncogene(s) is common to the following cancers:
▪ Gastric carcinoma
▪ Breast
▪ Bladder
▪ Melanoma

The gene codes for?

Back 1

hst-1/int-2

Fibroblast growth factor.

Front 2

This incogene is involved in astrocytomas. What is it, and what does it encode?

Back 2

sis oncogene. PDGF.

Front 3

This oncogene is involved in SCC of the lung. What is it, and what does it encode?

Back 3

erb-B1 oncogene. Encodes a growth factor receptor called epidermal growth factor receptor.

Front 4

This oncogene is involved in tumors of the breast, ovary and lung. What is it, and what does it encode?

Back 4

erb-B2. Epidermal growth factor receptor.

Front 5

This oncogene is only involved in tumors of the breast. What is it, and what does it encode?

Back 5

erb-B3. Epidermal growth factor receptor.

Front 6

This oncogene is seen in multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes II and III as well as familial medullary thyroid cancer. What is it, and what does it encode?

Back 6

ret. It encodes a glial neurotrophic factor receptor.

Front 7

This oncogene is commonly seen in CML and ALL. What is it an what does it encode?

Back 7

abl. It encodes signal transduction proteins; bcr-abl fusion protein with tyrosine kinase activity.

Front 8

This oncogene is involved in tumors of the lung, pancreas and colon. What is it, and what does it encode?

Back 8

Ki-ras. GTP-binding protein.

Front 9

This oncogene is involved in burkitts lymphoma. What is it and what does it encode?

Back 9

c-myc. Nuclear regulatory protein.

Front 10

This oncogene is involved in small cell lung carcinoma. What is it and what does it encode?

Back 10

L-myc ("Lung"-myc). Nuclear regulatory protein.

Front 11

This oncogene is seen in mantle cell lymphoma. What is it and what does it encode?

Back 11

bcl-1. Cell cycle regulatory proteins; Cyclin D proteins.

Front 12

This oncogene is seen in melanomas and cases of glioblastoma multiforme. What is it and what does it encode?

Back 12

CDK4. A cyclin-dependent kinase.

Front 13

This oncogene is involved in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). What is it and what does it encode?

Back 13

c-kit. Encodes KIT (another name: CD117), a stem cell factor receptor. It's a receptor tyrosine kinase.

Front 14

The most important mutations underlying the mechanisms of carcinogenesis involve _______, also called ______, ________ genes and genes regulating ______.

Back 14

growth-promoting genes; proto-oncogenes; growth-inhibiting tumor suppressor genes; apoptosis

Front 15

Oncogenes are derived from _______ by changing the _______ or a loss of _______.

Back 15

Proto-oncogenes; gene sequence (resulting in a new gene product, oncoprotein); gene regulation → overexpression of the normal gene product.

Front 16

Oncogenes lack ______ and are _______ → unregulated cellular proliferation.

Back 16

regulatory control; overexpressed

Front 17

The mechanism of activation of these proto-oncogenes is overexpression. Which genes have this underlying mechanism of activation?

Back 17

▪ hst-1/int-2
▪ sis
▪ erb-B1
▪ erb-B3
▪ c-kit (or mutation)

Front 18

The mechanism of activation of these proto-oncogenes is point mutations. Which genes have this underlying mechanism of activation?

Back 18

▪ ret
▪ Ki-ras
▪ c-kit

Front 19

The mechanism of activation of these proto-oncogenes is translocations. Which genes have this underlying mechanism of activation?

Back 19

▪ bcr-abl fushion protein (translocation t[9;22])
▪ c-myc (translocation t[8;14])
▪ bcl-1 (translocation t[11;14])

Front 20

The mechanism of activation of these proto-oncogenes is amplification. Which genes have this underlying mechanism of activation?

Back 20

▪ erb-B2
▪ L-myc
▪ N-myc
▪ CDK4

Front 21

This oncogene is involved in neuroblastoma. What is it and what does it encode?

Back 21

N-myc. Nuclear regulatory protein.