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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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general pathology (5)
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inhalation of the offending agent
macrophages engulf and transport particles and then expel these particles into the mucus particles eventually accumulate in the alveoli (may trigger further immune response) fibroblasts secrete reticulin to entrab macrophages pulmonary interstitial fibrosis ensues |
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features of siliconiosis (3)
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most common pneumoconionis in the world
occurs in mining, drilling, sandblasting intense fibrotic reaction with silicon dioxide |
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what infection does siliconiosis most predispose for
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mycobacterial (TB)
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symptoms of siliconiosis
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OSOB with exercise
occasional bluish skin at ear lobes or lips fatigue loss of appetite |
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3 stages of siliconiosis
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acute - 5 years (widespread consolidations with CXR)
accelerated - 5-10 years chronic - 10+ years |
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two types of chronic disease
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simple or progressive massive fibrosis
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treatment of siliconiosis (2)
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mostly supportive (O2, rehab)
should have yearly TB skin tests |
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prognosis of siliconiosis (2)
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acute can be rapidly fatal
progressive massive fibrosis has a more varried course and may lead to progressive impairment and resp failure |
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keys in asbestosiosis (4)
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fibrosis of the lung parenchyma due to asbestos exposure
asbestos is used for insulation, reinforcing matertials, etc seen in plumbers, custodians, and maintenance workers in advanced cases, lungs are stiff and small |
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symptoms of asbestiosis (2)
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similar to chronic bronchitis
increased sputum |
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manifestations of asbestiosis (5)
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very slow manifestation (20-40 years)
pulmonary fibrosis lung cancer laryngeal cancer GI cancers |
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asbestiosis dx (2)
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pleural plaque and linear opacities in CXR
asbestos in histologic exam |
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treatment for asbestiosis (5)
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no effective treatment
supportive care stop exposures vaccination against influenza and pneumococci lung transplantation in selected cases |
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black lung symptoms (4)
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no pathognomic symtoms - hx is key
chronic cough sputum prduction nodular opacities in CXR |
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manifestation of simple black lung
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often asymptomatic
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manifestations of progressive massive fibrotic black lung
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progressive dyspnea
pulmonary HTN respiratory failure |
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diagnosis of black lung
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coal macules in histologic exam (pin head sized collections of macrophages filled with black coal)
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onset of beryllium disease
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show gradual onset
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acute beryllium disease
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intense inflammatory reaction resembling pneumocystis
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chronic beryllium disease
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granulomatous disease primarily affecting the lung
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diagnosis of beryllium disease (4)
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made by hx
histologic exam lab confirmation through a lymphocyte transformation test CXR may range from normal to diffuse interstitial infiltrates and hilar adenopathy linear patterns in CXR |
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where are thermal injuries confined to?
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upper respiratory
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what can cause airway obstruction
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laryngeal edema
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complications of thermal injury (4)
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immediate reaction --> direct injury
CO and cyandie poisoning acute respiratory distress syndrome - 24-48 hours after thermal injury late onset pulmonary complication |
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symptoms of thermal injuries (7)
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tachypnea
cough dyspnea wheezing cyanosis hoarsness stridor |
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symptoms of smoke inhalation (5)
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hypoxemia may progressively worsen
pulmonary edema may develop CXR may reveal diffuse, patchy infiltrates infection often ensues due to compromised defenses upper airway obstruction can occur |
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treatment for smoke inhalation (2)
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close observation
100% O2 |
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neuro symtoms of CO poisoning (3)
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headache
confusion visual changes |
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rhabdomylosis
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breakdown of muscle fibers resulting in the release of muscle fiber contents (myoglobin) into the bloodstream. some of these are harmful to the kidney and frequently result in kidney damage
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diagnosis of CO poisoning (2)
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made by history
COHb level on ABG |
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HACE
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high altitude cerebral edema
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HAPE
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high altitude pulmonary edema (more common than HACE)
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metabolic/respiratory
acidosis/alkalosis in drowning |
metabolic acidosis
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